| 1. |
- Maasri, Alain, et al.
(författare)
-
A global agenda for advancing freshwater biodiversity research
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 25:2, s. 255-263
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global freshwater biodiversity is declining dramatically, and meeting the challenges of this crisis requires bold goals and the mobilisation of substantial resources. While the reasons are varied, investments in both research and conservation of freshwater biodiversity lag far behind those in the terrestrial and marine realms. Inspired by a global consultation, we identify 15 pressing priority needs, grouped into five research areas, in an effort to support informed stewardship of freshwater biodiversity. The proposed agenda aims to advance freshwater biodiversity research globally as a critical step in improving coordinated actions towards its sustainable management and conservation.
|
|
| 2. |
- Khan, Kifayatullah, et al.
(författare)
-
Heavy Metal Occurrence, Pathways, and Associated Socio-ecological Risks in Riverine Water : Application of Geographic Information System, Multivariate Statistics, and Risk Assessment Models
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Water, Air and Soil Pollution. - 0049-6979 .- 1573-2932. ; 234:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heavy metal (HM) pollution is one of the major issues of concern in the world due to its serious health consequences on humans and ecology. In this study, riverine water from the River Kabul in Pakistan was studied using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the variation, routes, and possible socio-ecological hazards of chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb). The results revealed significant HMs variation (p < 0.05) in the sequence of Cr > Zn > Ni > Cu > Cd > Pb > Mn > Co > Hg, indicating prevalent metal contaminations in the river. Multivariate statistics showed significant strong positive correlations (p ≤ 0.01) between the individual HMs contents along the monitoring sites. The strong-moderate levels of Cu, Co, Zn, Mn, Pb, and Cd in riverine systems were observed to be caused by surrounding industrial, agrochemicals, mining, and domestic wastewater discharges along with geogenic sources, the weak levels of Cr and Ni could be induced by erosion of mafic and ultramafic rocks, and mining activities, whereas the low contamination of Hg suggests minimal atmospheric deposition with fewer industrial discharges in the environment. The overall mass flux of the ∑HMs was estimated to be around 164.10 kg/year, with significant HM pollution index (HPI) and pollution index (PI) variations along the river characterizing the potential risk of HMs in decreasing order of Cd > Hg > Cr > Ni > Co > Pb > Mn > Cu > Zn and Cd > Hg > Ni > Pb > Cr > Co > Cu > Mn > Zn, respectively. Individual HM contamination was within the ecological risk threshold (ERI < 110), where, the chronic daily intake (CDIs), hazard quotients (HQs), health indices (HIs), and cancer risks (CRs) of Cd, Ni, Co, Cr, and Pb by daily riverine water ingestion and dermal contact posing considerable human health concerns. To protect the environment and public health, our findings suggest that untreated anthropogenic wastewater discharge into the river system be strictly controlled and regulated through public awareness campaigns and legislation prohibiting the use of herbicides and fertilizers containing high levels of Cr, Ni, Co, Cd, and Pb.
|
|
| 3. |
- Khan, Kifayatullah, et al.
(författare)
-
Heavy metals in five commonly consumed fish species from River Swat, Pakistan, and their implications for human health using multiple risk assessment approaches
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Marine Pollution Bulletin. - 0025-326X .- 1879-3363. ; 195
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study analyzed the levels of heavy metals bioaccumulation in commonly consumed riverine fish species, including G. cavia, T. macrolepis, G. gotyla, S. plagiostomus, and M. armatus from River Swat in Pakistan, and quantify their potential risk to children and adults in general and fisherfolk communities using multiple pollution and risk assessment approaches. The highest metal detected by inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was Zn, which ranged from 49.61 to 116.83 mg/kg, followed by Fe (19.25–101.33 mg/kg) > Mn (5.25–40.35 mg/kg) > Cr (3.05–14.59 mg/kg) > Ni (4.26–11.80 mg/kg) > Al (1.59–12.25 mg/kg) > Cu (1.24–8.59 mg/kg) > Pb (0.29–1.95 mg/kg) > Co (0.08–0.46 mg/kg) > Cd (0.01–0.29 mg/kg), demonstrating consistent fluctuation with the safe recommendations of global regulatory bodies. The average bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values in the examined fish species were high (BAF > 5000) for Pb, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Cd, bioaccumulate (1000 > BAF < 5000) for Co, and probable accumulative (BAF <1000) for Fe, and Al, while the overall ∑heavy metals pollution index (MPI) values were greater than one (MPI > 1) indicating sever heavy metals toxicity in G. cavia, followed by S. plagiostomus, M. armatus, G. gotyla, and T. macrolepis. The multivariate Pearson's correlation analysis identified the correlation coefficients between heavy metal pairs (Ni Cr, Cu Cr, Pb Cr, Al Co, Cu Ni, and Pb Ni), the hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) determined the origin by categorizing heavy metal accumulation into Cluster-A, Cluster-B, and Cluster-C, and the principal component analysis (PCA) discerned nearby weathering, mining, industrial, municipal, and agricultural activities as the potential sources of heavy metals bioaccumulation in riverine fish. As per human risk perspective, S. plagiostomus contributed significantly to the estimated daily intake (EDI) of heavy metals, followed by G.cavia > M. armatus > G. gotyla > T. macrolepis in dependent children and adults of the fisherfolk followed by the general population. The non-carcinogenic target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) values for heavy metal intake through fish exposure were < 1, while the carcinogenic risk (CR) for individual metal intake and the total carcinogenic risk (TCR) for cumulative Cr, Cd, and Pb intake were within the risk threshold of 10−6–10−4, suggesting an acceptable to high non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk for both children and adults in the fisherfolk, followed by the general population.
|
|
| 4. |
- Mahmood, Aamir, et al.
(författare)
-
Industrial IoT in 5G-and-Beyond Networks : Vision, Architecture, and Design Trends
- 2022
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 18:6, s. 4122-4137
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellular networks are envisioned to be a cornerstone in future industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) wireless connectivity in terms of fulfilling the industrial-grade coverage, capacity, robustness, and timeliness requirements. This vision has led to the design of vertical-centric service-based architecture of 5G radio access and core networks. The design incorporates the capabilities to include 5G-AI-Edge ecosystem for computing, intelligence, and flexible deployment and integration options (e.g., centralized and distributed, physical, and virtual) while eliminating the privacy/security concerns of mission-critical systems. In this article, driven by the industrial interest in enabling large-scale wireless IIoT deployments for operational agility, flexible, and cost-efficient production, we present the state-of-the-art 5G architecture, transformative technologies, and recent design trends, which we also selectively supplemented with new results. We also identify several research challenges in these promising design trends that beyond-5G systems must overcome to support rapidly unfolding transition in creating value-centric industrial wireless networks.
|
|
| 5. |
- Mahmood, Aamir, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
-
Industrial IoT in 5G-and-Beyond Networks: Vision, Architecture, and Design Trends
- 2022
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 18:6, s. 4122-4137
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellular networks are envisioned to be a cornerstone in future industrial IoT (IIoT) wireless connectivity in terms of fulfilling the industrial-grade coverage, capacity, robustness, and ultra-responsiveness requirements. This vision has led to verticals-centric service-based architecture in 5G radio access and core networks, with the capabilities to include 5G-AI-Edge ecosystem for computing, intelligence, and flexible deployment and integration options (e.g., centralized and distributed, physical and virtual) while eliminating the privacy/security concerns of mission-critical systems. In this paper, driven by the industrial interest in enabling large-scale wireless IIoT deployments for operational agility, flexible, and cost-efficient production, we present the state-of-the-art 5G architecture, transformative technologies, and recent design trends, which we also selectively supplemented with new results. We also identify several research challenges in these promising design trends that beyond-5G systems must overcome to support the rapidly unfolding transition in creating value-centric industrial wireless networks.
|
|
| 6. |
- Shah, Zeb, et al.
(författare)
-
Impact of Indoor Multipath Channels on Timing Advance for URLLC in Industrial IoT
- 2020
-
Ingår i: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops). - : IEEE. - 9781728174402
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 5G radio access networks, emerging machine type communication in industrial automation, smart grids, automotives, and other applications has increased the importance of establishing accurate time reference up to the device level. For instance, executing real-time isochronous operations in collaborating robots, monitoring, and fault localization in smart grids require ultra-tight synchronization among the devices. To establish time synchronization, however, the time dissemination procedure must accurately estimate and compensate for the base station (BS) to user equipment (UE) propagation delays. In this paper, we use the timing advance (TA) mechanism as an estimator for the time of arrival (TOA) for adjusting the effects of propagation delay in synchronization procedures. We study the impact of TA binning on TOA estimation, and analyze how multipath channels deteriorate the estimation accuracy. Our analysis shows that multipath channels could introduce large errors in TOA, however, averaging the multiple consecutive TA values, in static device deployments, can bring the errors to an acceptable level, i.e., less than 1 microsecond.
|
|
| 7. |
- Ullah, Syed Ali, et al.
(författare)
-
Deep RL-assisted Energy Harvesting in CR-NOMA Communications for NextG IoT Networks
- 2022
-
Ingår i: 2022 IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops, GC Wkshps 2022 - Proceedings. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781665459754 ; , s. 74-79
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zero-energy radios in energy-constrained devices are envisioned as key enablers to realizing the next-generation Internet-of-things (NG-IoT) networks for ultra-dense sensing and monitoring. This paper presents analytical modeling and analysis of the energy-efficient uplink transmission of an energyconstrained secondary sensor operating opportunistically among several primary sensors. The considered scenario assumes that all primary sensors transmit in a round-robin, time division multiple access-based schemes, and the secondary sensor is admitted in the time slot of each primary sensor using a nonorthogonal multiple access technique, inspired by cognitive radio. The energy efficiency of the secondary sensor is maximized by exposing it to a deep reinforcement learning-based algorithm, recognized as a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG). Our results demonstrate that the DDPG-based transmission scheme outperforms the conventional random and greedy algorithms in terms of energy efficiency at different operating conditions.
|
|
| 8. |
- Ullah, Syed Asad, et al.
(författare)
-
Opportunistic CR-NOMA Transmissions for Zero-Energy Devices : A DRL-driven Optimization Strategy
- 2023
-
Ingår i: IEEE Wireless Communications Letters. - 2162-2337 .- 2162-2345. ; 12:5, s. 893-897
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To efficiently accommodate RF energy-harvesting (EH) capable device in a wireless network with prescheduled devices, this letter designs the deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-driven energy-efficient transmission strategy. The transmission strategy handles the EH-device uplink transmissions opportunistically using cognitive radio-inspired non-orthogonal multiple access (CR-NOMA) scheme while maximizing energy efficiency (EE). In this respect, firstly, we formulate the EE optimization problem of the EH-device while considering its RF circuit power consumption. Secondly, we divide the original, non-convex problem into a two-layer optimization problem, and solve it sequentially as i) we theoretically derive the optimal transmit power and time-sharing coefficient parameters from the first layer, and ii) using the derived parameters in the second layer, we solve the one-dimensional continuous space optimization problem through a DRL technique, recognized as a combined experience replay deep deterministic policy gradient (CER-DDPG). Finally, the numerical results show that, under different operational scenarios, the proposed approach outperforms benchmark DDPG and Stochastic algorithms in terms of EE.
|
|
| 9. |
- Zeb, Shah, et al.
(författare)
-
Analysis of Beyond 5G Integrated Communication and Ranging Services under Indoor 3D mmWave Stochastic Channels
- 2022
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics. - 1551-3203 .- 1941-0050. ; 18:10, s. 7128-7138
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 5G and beyond (B5G) networks are moving towards the higher end of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum (i.e., from 25 GHz to 100 GHz) to support integrated communication and ranging (ICAR) services in next-generation factory deployments. The ICAR services in factory deployments require extreme bandwidth/capacity and large ranging coverage, which a mmWave-B5G system can fulfill using massive multi-input and multi-output (mMIMO), beamforming, and advanced ranging techniques. However, as mmWave signal propagation is sensitive to harsh channel conditions experienced in typical indoor factory environments, there is a growing interest in the realistic mmWave indoor channel modeling to evaluate the practical scope of the mmWave-B5G systems. In this paper, we study and implement a 3D stochastic channel model using the baseline 3GPP model. Our channel model employs the time-cluster spatial-lobe (TCSL) technique, and utilizes the temporal and spatial statistics to create the channel impulse response (CIR), reflecting realistic indoor factory conditions. Using the generated CIR, we present the performance analysis of a mmWave-B5G system in terms of power delay profile (PDP), path loss, communication and ranging coverage, and mMIMO channel capacity.
|
|
| 10. |
- Zeb, Shah, et al.
(författare)
-
Enhancing Backscatter Communication in IoT Networks with Power-Domain NOMA
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Wireless-Powered Backscatter Communications for Internet of Things. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030462000 ; , s. 81-101
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet of Things (IoT) networks are being designed to connect billions of sensors/devices for an application-specific environment to provide services and carry out special tasks. It enables the virtual connection of the real-world physical devices with Internet cyberspace. While, there is an exponentially growing trend in the use of IoT technology for diverse applications such as smart agriculture, smart industries, smart hospitals, smart homes, etc., there are pressing design issues which affect the IoT network performance in the long run, for example, replacement of batteries for increasing the lifetime of devices to maintain the network longevity. To tackle this challenge, various wireless powered-based energy transfer paradigms were proposed over time. Backscatter communication (BackCom) is likewise one of the energy-efficient solutions proposed, which can satisfy the stringent green communication aspects of IoT networks. To achieve massive connectivity in BackCom-enabled IoT network, selecting a suitable multiple access scheme is also a crucial part. Most multiple access schemes proposed for BackCom systems are based on frequency or timeslots sharing techniques. Multiple access techniques proposed for BackCom IoT system can reap the gain of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) principle. In NOMA, multiple end nodes (ENs) of sensors network is served in the same resource block, thereby, increasing the spectrum efficiency of BackCom IoT system. In this chapter, we discuss the prospects of backscatter technique with application of NOMA for green communication in IoT network.
|
|
