| 1. |
- Abellán, C., et al.
(författare)
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Challenging Local Realism with Human Choices
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 557, s. 212-216
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Bell test is a randomized trial that compares experimental observations against the philosophical worldview of local realism , in which the properties of the physical world are independent of our observation of them and no signal travels faster than light. A Bell test requires spatially distributed entanglement, fast and high-efficiency detection and unpredictable measurement settings. Although technology can satisfy the first two of these requirements, the use of physical devices to choose settings in a Bell test involves making assumptions about the physics that one aims to test. Bell himself noted this weakness in using physical setting choices and argued that human 'free will' could be used rigorously to ensure unpredictability in Bell tests. Here we report a set of local-realism tests using human choices, which avoids assumptions about predictability in physics. We recruited about 100,000 human participants to play an online video game that incentivizes fast, sustained input of unpredictable selections and illustrates Bell-test methodology. The participants generated 97,347,490 binary choices, which were directed via a scalable web platform to 12 laboratories on five continents, where 13 experiments tested local realism using photons, single atoms, atomic ensembles and superconducting devices. Over a 12-hour period on 30 November 2016, participants worldwide provided a sustained data flow of over 1,000 bits per second to the experiments, which used different human-generated data to choose each measurement setting. The observed correlations strongly contradict local realism and other realistic positions in bi-partite and tri-partite 12 scenarios. Project outcomes include closing the 'freedom-of-choice loophole' (the possibility that the setting choices are influenced by 'hidden variables' to correlate with the particle properties), the utilization of video-game methods for rapid collection of human-generated randomness, and the use of networking techniques for global participation in experimental science.
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| 2. |
- Zografos, Dimitrios, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Estimation of power system inertia using particle swarm optimization
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 19th International Conference on Intelligent System Application to Power Systems, ISAP 2017. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781509040001
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Power system inertia is being globally reduced, due to the substitution of conventional synchronous power plants by intermittent generation. This threatens the frequency stability of the system and makes the estimation of power system inertia necessary, so that proactive measures can be imposed. A disturbance-based method is proposed in this paper, which estimates the total inertia constant of the power system. The method applies particle swarm optimization (PSO) to minimize a cost function, which is defined based on the swing equation. To do that, data available at the generator buses are employed. The proposed method is applied on the Nordic57 test system under twenty different scenarios, which include generator and load disconnections. Furthermore, a comparison with two methods presented in the literature is performed and demonstrates the higher performance of the proposed method, in the sense of the mean and the variance of the errors.
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| 7. |
- Joshi, Abhayraj S., et al.
(författare)
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Interactions of gold and silver nanoparticles with bacterial biofilms: Molecular interactions behind inhibition and resistance
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Molecular Sciences. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-6596 .- 1422-0067. ; 21:20, s. 1-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many bacteria have the capability to form a three-dimensional, strongly adherent network called ‘biofilm’. Biofilms provide adherence, resourcing nutrients and offer protection to bacterial cells. They are involved in pathogenesis, disease progression and resistance to almost all classical antibiotics. The need for new antimicrobial therapies has led to exploring applications of gold and silver nanoparticles against bacterial biofilms. These nanoparticles and their respective ions exert antimicrobial action by damaging the biofilm structure, biofilm components and hampering bacterial metabolism via various mechanisms. While exerting the antimicrobial activity, these nanoparticles approach the biofilm, penetrate it, migrate internally and interact with key components of biofilm such as polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids and lipids via electrostatic, hydrophobic, hydrogen-bonding, Van der Waals and ionic interactions. Few bacterial biofilms also show resistance to these nanoparticles through similar interactions. The nature of these interactions and overall antimicrobial effect depend on the physicochemical properties of biofilm and nanoparticles. Hence, study of these interactions and participating molecular players is of prime importance, with which one can modulate properties of nanoparticles to get maximal antibacterial effects against a wide spectrum of bacterial pathogens. This article provides a comprehensive review of research specifically directed to understand the molecular interactions of gold and silver nanoparticles with various bacterial biofilms.
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| 8. |
- Weng, Ming-Hung, et al.
(författare)
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Study of the interface properties of TiO 2/SiO 2/SiC by photocapacitance
- 2011
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Ingår i: 8th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials, ECSCRM 2010. - 9783037850794 ; , s. 350-353
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have investigated the annealing of fixed oxide charge and interfacial traps in MISiC strucures by means of the photo capacitance voltage technique at temperatures up to 500°C. Elevated temperature measurements show reduced hysteresis and reduced fixed oxide charge at the interface. The photo capacitance technique shows a real-time measurement at elevated temperatures, in which electrons are populated by photo energy, in a 4H-SiC MIS structure. We also confirm the reduction of fixed oxide charge at the interface by means of high temperature post deposition annealing, which occurs during the high temperature measurements.
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| 9. |
- Weng, Mao-Lun, et al.
(författare)
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Fitness effects of mutation in natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana reveal a complex influence of local adaptation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0014-3820 .- 1558-5646. ; 75:2, s. 330-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is empirically known about the contribution of mutations to fitness in natural environments. However, Fisher's Geometric Model (FGM) provides a conceptual foundation to consider the influence of the environment on mutational effects. To quantify mutational properties in the field, we established eight sets of MA lines (7-10 generations) derived from eight founders collected from natural populations of Arabidopsis thaliana from French and Swedish sites, representing the range margins of the species in Europe. We reciprocally planted the MA lines and their founders at French and Swedish sites, allowing us to test predictions of FGM under naturally occurring environmental conditions. The performance of the MA lines relative to each other and to their respective founders confirmed some and contradicted other predictions of the FGM: the contribution of mutation to fitness variance increased when the genotype was in an environment where its fitness was low, that is, in the away environment, but mutations were more likely to be beneficial when the genotype was in its home environment. Consequently, environmental context plays a large role in the contribution of mutations to the evolutionary process and local adaptation does not guarantee that a genotype is at or close to its optimum.
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