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- Bucken-Knapp, Gregg, et al.
(författare)
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Governing Central and Eastern European Migration in Swedish Municipalities
- 2016
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Ingår i: Государственное управление в XXI веке: материалы 13-й международной конференции, май 2015. Секция 11. Практика регионального и муниципального управления: Российский и зарубежный опыт: [Сборник] / Коллектив авторов — М.: «КДУ», «Университетская книга», 2016.. - 9785913046475 ; , s. 10-18
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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- Lindblom, Rickard P. F., et al.
(författare)
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Complement receptor 2 is up regulated in the spinal cord following nerve root injury and modulates the spinal cord response
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroinflammation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1742-2094. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Activation of the complement system has been implicated in both acute and chronic states of neurodegeneration. However, a detailed understanding of this complex network of interacting components is still lacking. Methods: Large-scale global expression profiling in a rat F2(DAxPVG) intercross identified a strong cis-regulatory influence on the local expression of complement receptor 2 (Cr2) in the spinal cord after ventral root avulsion (VRA). Expression of Cr2 in the spinal cord was studied in a separate cohort of DA and PVG rats at different time-points after VRA, and also following sciatic nerve transection (SNT) in the same strains. Consequently, Cr2(-/-) mice and Wt controls were used to further explore the role of Cr2 in the spinal cord following SNT. The in vivo experiments were complemented by astrocyte and microglia cell cultures. Results: Expression of Cr2 in naive spinal cord was low but strongly up regulated at 5-7 days after both VRA and SNT. Levels of Cr2 expression, as well as astrocyte activation, was higher in PVG rats than DA rats following both VRA and SNT. Subsequent in vitro studies proposed astrocytes as the main source of Cr2 expression. A functional role for Cr2 is suggested by the finding that transgenic mice lacking Cr2 displayed increased loss of synaptic nerve terminals following nerve injury. We also detected increased levels of soluble CR2 (sCR2) in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats following VRA. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that local expression of Cr2 in the central nervous system is part of the axotomy reaction and is suggested to modulate subsequent complement mediated effects.
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- Lindblom, Rickard P. F., et al.
(författare)
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Unbiased expression mapping identifies a link between the complement and cholinergic systems in the rat central nervous system
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 192:3, s. 1138-1153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The complement system is activated in a wide spectrum of CNS diseases and is suggested to play a role in degenerative phenomena such as elimination of synaptic terminals. Still, little is known of mechanisms regulating complement activation in the CNS. Loss of synaptic terminals in the spinal cord after an experimental nerve injury is increased in the inbred DA strain compared with the PVG strain and is associated with expression of the upstream complement components C1q and C3, in the absence of membrane attack complex activation and neutrophil infiltration. To further dissect pathways regulating complement expression, we performed genome-wide expression profiling and linkage analysis in a large F2(DA × PVG) intercross, which identified quantitative trait loci regulating expression of C1qa, C1qb, C3, and C9. Unlike C1qa, C1qb, and C9, which all displayed distinct coregulation with different cis-regulated C-type lectins, C3 was regulated in a coexpression network immediately downstream of butyrylcholinesterase. Butyrylcholinesterase hydrolyses acetylcholine, which exerts immunoregulatory effects partly through TNF-α pathways. Accordingly, increased C3, but not C1q, expression was demonstrated in rat and mouse glia following TNF-α stimulation, which was abrogated in a dose-dependent manner by acetylcholine. These findings demonstrate new pathways regulating CNS complement expression using unbiased mapping in an experimental in vivo system. A direct link between cholinergic activity and complement activation is supported by in vitro experiments. The identification of distinct pathways subjected to regulation by naturally occurring genetic variability is of relevance for the understanding of disease mechanisms in neurologic conditions characterized by neuronal injury and complement activation.
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- Spehar, Andrea, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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The Multi-Level Governance of Intra EU Movement
- 2018
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Ingår i: Between Mobility and Migration. The Multi-Level Governance of Intra-European Movement. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319779911 ; , s. 125-140
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Free movement management is a challenge that emerged in a multi-level context, with policies developed at one level having unclear implications for actors working at other levels, and with questions of authority and competencies remaining highly uncertain. Broader issues of national and local contexts, as well as traditional institutional practices, all lay the groundwork for the need of clearly articulated governance solutions. As is clear from previous chapters, the flows of CEE migrants, as well as the social consequences of their presence in urban regions that are often unequipped in both policy and administrative terms, has led to substantial challenges for actors at all levels of government, both public and private, when it comes to free movement management.
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- Zelano, Karin
(författare)
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Balancing informality and need - policy responses to informal East-West migration in Austria, the Netherlands and Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Policy Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0144-2872 .- 1470-1006. ; 39:5, s. 535-559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article provides an analysis of policy responses to mobile EU citizens without legal residence in the Netherlands, Austria and Sweden. A comparative case study design uses qualitative survey and interview data to identify national and local policy responses to the implications of EU citizens from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) living without legal residence in the aforementioned countries. The theoretical framework specifies how the institutional logic of welfare regimes is likely to generate policy responses that address need, sanction informality or do both. The choice indicates the priority given to redistributive outcomes, administrative procedures, or both. The results reveal similar responses to those implications relating to the labour market, but slightly different approaches to the implications in the social domain. Policy responses to labour market implications have predominantly focused on sanctioning informality. Swedish and Austrian policy responses in the social domain have focused on addressing need. Dutch policy responses to social issues instead focused on sanctioning informality, prioritizing procedure. The results indicate that local and national policy responses to implications of informal intra-EU migration may be fruitfully understood through the prism of welfare regimes and related approaches to need and informality.
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| 9. |
- Zelano, Karin
(författare)
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Balancing mobility and solidarity: Multilevel Governance Challenges of East-West EU Mobility in Austria, the Netherlands and Sweden
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Each year, millions of Europeans exercise their right to move freely between EU member states – particularly so since the eastern enlargements in the 2000s. Mobility from eastern and central Europe (CEE) affects host member states in a number of ways; economically, legally, administratively and socially. Such effects are perhaps most clearly manifested in the frequent claims from popular destination member states that the east-west mobility excessively burdens national welfare systems and challenges existing labour market standards. The efforts to manage the consequences of the east-west mobility are at the centre of attention in this thesis. Specifically, it compares the governance of EU mobility from the CEE region to Austria, the Netherlands and Sweden. The thesis brings attention to how problems are defined and addressed in multilevel contexts, analysing the role of national welfare and social partner institutions in governance. The thesis applies data from the European, national and sub-national levels of governance. The main findings indicate that, in the absence of rigid structures imposed from the European level, problem definitions related to the welfare state or the labour market partly diverge across welfare regimes. Diverging problem definitions make coordination across contexts and levels unlikely. Nor do similar problem definitions related to welfare and labour market consequences necessarily result in similar governance processes. If possible, member states manage welfare and labour market related consequences of intra-EU mobility within existing governance structures. Consequences not directly linked to welfare or labour market institutions are sometimes problematised in similar ways across levels and contexts and addressed by voluntary, non-hierarchical governance across sectors and levels. The empirical results also indicate that governance structures may encourage the emergence of similar problem definitions by imposing common routines or encouraging coordination.
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