| 1. |
- Ahlqvist Lindqvist, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric assessment of the Swedish version of the injustice experience questionnaire among patients with chronic pain
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Pain. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 1877-8860 .- 1877-8879. ; 21:4, s. 732-742
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesThe use of the Injustice Experience Questionnaire (IEQ) in psychological assessment of individuals with chronic pain is supported by research. The psychometric properties of the Swedish version, the IEQ-S, has not yet been evaluated. Hence, the aim was to investigate structural validity, and concurrent criterion validity of the IEQ-S against the Work Ability Index (WAI), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS-SW), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item depression module (PHQ-9), and the Generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7). Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also studied.MethodsSixty-five participants, referred to a University hospital, with a pain duration over three months were consecutively sampled. They completed the IEQ-S at admission and again within six weeks. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed for the study of structural validity. Concurrent criterion validity was evaluated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Internal consistency reliability for the full IEQ-S was calculated using the Cronbach’s alpha. Test-retest reliability was calculated using an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe median total score (0–48, where high scores indicate high levels of injustice) at admission (test 1) was 27.0 (n=64), 25th percentile=15.3, 75th percentile=37.8, range=3–48 points. A one-factor model was supported with item-loadings between 0.67–0.92. Spearman’s correlation coefficient between the IEQ-S and the WAI (n=56) was r S =−0.46; the PCS-SW (n=63) was r S =0.68, the PHQ-9 (n=64) was r S =0.50 and the GAD-7 (n=64) was r S =0.57, p<0.01. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.94 (n=64). The ICC was 0.80 (n=55), with a 95% confidence interval, ranging between 0.69–0.88.ConclusionsOur study supported structural validity and concurrent criterion validity of the IEQ-S against other measures of psychological constructs and work ability. It also supported the internal consistency reliability of the IEQ-S and the test-retest reliability with a retest interval up to six weeks, was good. These findings support the use of the IEQ-S as an adjunct tool to assess appraisals of injustice in patients with chronic pain who are referred to tertiary care in Sweden. The added value might be identification of those who are at risk for slow or no improvement in their pain condition over time, and sick-leave, but this has to be confirmed in future studies.
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| 2. |
- Åkerblom, Ylva, 1967-
(författare)
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Experiences of pain and associations between pain, disease severity and individual quality of life in people with motor neuron diseases
- 2019
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Many people with the incurable and often times fatal motor neuron diseases have pain, but there is lack of knowledge about people’s experiences of living with pain. Further, the correlation between pain and their quality of life is not well understood, and previous studies have not used individual quality of life, namely that people with their own words express what quality of life is. The aim of these studies was to explore the experiences of pain and the association between pain and quality of life in people with MND.Methods: Study I was explorative about the individual experience of pain, while study II was correlational between pain, pain severity, disease severity and IQOL. Study I was qualitative, whereas study II used both qualitative and quantitative analysis.Results and conclusions: People with motor neuron diseases experienced pain to have multiple characteristics and impact. However, the results emphasise that the individual experienced some pain characteristics as difficult and that pain could worsen functions that were already affected by the disease. The experience was also that it could be challenging to manage pain. However, the symptom of pain could pass unnoticed in contacts with healthcare professionals (study I). The three most important areas for individual quality of life in both participants with and without pain were: Social relations, followed by Activities for amusement and relaxations, and Being in the outdoor environment. Individual quality of life was noticed to be good regardless of pain. Pain and pain severity were not found to be associated with satisfaction of individual quality of life in patients with motor neuron diseases, neither was disease severity. The results support previous findings, that strong associations between symptoms of MND and IQoL are not obvious. However, this does not infer that pain in people with MNDs should be neglected and undertreated. On the contrary, it seems to be important for healthcare to pay more attention to pain in people with motor neuron diseases and that pain continuously is measured, individually treated and followed. Regardless of whether persons with MND have pain or not, the results point to the importance of healthcare professionals providing support to not only the patient but also the patient’s family and friends, as well as assisting in various forms of relaxing activities and possibility of being in the outdoor environment.
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| 3. |
- Anens, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported physical activity correlates in Swedish adults with multiple sclerosis : a cross-sectional study
- 2017
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Ingår i: BMC Neurology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2377. ; 17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The benefits of physical activity in persons with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are considerable. Knowledge about factors that correlate to physical activity is helpful in order to develop successful strategies to increase physical activity in persons with MS. Previous studies have focused on correlates to physical activity in MS, however falls self-efficacy, social support and enjoyment of physical activity are not much studied, as well as if the correlates differ with regard to disease severity. The aim of the study was to examine associations between physical activity and age, gender, employment, having children living at home, education, disease type, disease severity, fatigue, self-efficacy for physical activity, falls self-efficacy, social support and enjoyment of physical activity in a sample of persons with MS and in subgroups with regard to disease severity.Methods: This is a cross-sectional survey study including Swedish community living adults with MS, 287 persons, response rate 58.2%. The survey included standardized self-reported scales measuring physical activity, disease severity, fatigue, self-efficacy for physical activity, falls self-efficacy, and social support. Physical activity was measured by the Physical Activity Disability Survey – Revised.Results: Multiple regression analyzes showed that 59% (F(6,3)=64.9, p=0.000) of the variation in physical activity was explained by having less severe disease (β=-0.30), being employed (β=0.26), having high falls self-efficacy (β=0.20), having high self-efficacy for physical activity (β=0.17), and enjoying physical activity (β=0.11). In persons with moderate/severe MS, self-efficacy for physical activity explained physical activity.Conclusions: Consistent with previous research in persons with MS in other countries this study shows that disease severity, employment and self-efficacy for physical activity are important for physical activity. Additional important factors were falls self-efficacy and enjoyment. More research is needed to confirm this and the subgroup differences.
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| 4. |
- Anens, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Validity and reliability of physical activity measures in multiple sclerosis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy Theory and Practice. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0959-3985 .- 1532-5040. ; 39:1, s. 137-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: The purpose was to evaluate the psychometric properties of physical activity measures in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).METHODS: Adults with multiple sclerosis were recruited, n = 30 (validation) and n = 57 (test-retest). Steps measured with PiezoRX, Yamax SW200 and ActiGraph GT9X Link (AGlink) and time in different positions measured with AGlink were validated against data from video analysis. Psychometric properties of the Physical Activity and Disability Survey - Revised Swedish version (PADS-R(Sw)) was evaluated.RESULTS: The most valid measures were AGlink using the low-frequency extension filter, and PiezoRX with median absolute percentage errors (MeAPEs) of 0.9-3.1% and 1.3-3.3%. The MeAPEs were higher for Yamax SW200 (2.9-21.0%), AGlink display (3.6-44.8%) and AGlink normal filter (8.9-48.9%), indicating low validity. AGlink was not valid in measurements of sitting (MeAPE 12.0-12.5%) or lying (MeAPE 31.0-41.7%). The correlation between PADS-R(Sw) and AGlink steps was r = 0.492 (p = .009). The relative reliability of PADS-R(Sw) was ICC2,1 0.85 (CI 0.76-0.91), and absolute reliability was SEM 0.54.CONCLUSION: AGlink and PiezoRX were valid measures of steps in PwMS. The questionnaire PADS-R(Sw) was valid, with high relative reliability, but its absolute reliability was unsatisfactory.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Essner, Ann, Medicine Doktor, PhD, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the Probability of Response Bias in Owner-Perceived Pain Assessment in Dogs With Osteoarthritis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Topics in Companion Animal Medicine. - : Elsevier. - 1938-9736 .- 1946-9837. ; 39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Owners’ ability to recognize signs of chronic pain in dogs undergoing pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic pain interventions during a period of physical rehabilitation is not known. This study aimed to compare dogs with and without chronic pain, and to assess the relationship between explanatory factors, including the probability of owners’ response bias induced by pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic pain intervention, and chronic pain in dogs with osteoarthritis (OA). Seventy-one dogs with OA were included in this observational study. Owner-perceived pain interference was measured by Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) and owner-perceived pain behavior was assessed using Helsinki Chronic Pain Index. A dichotomous variable of Helsinki Chronic Pain Index was used in regression analysis to investigate the association between chronic pain and explanatory factors (body condition, anti-inflammatory medication, animal physiotherapy consultation once or more and owners’ perception of pain interfering). Seventy-five percent of the dogs had ongoing anti-inflammatory medication, 51% of were overweight and 45% had a physiotherapy consultation. Higher levels of overt pain behaviors were reported in items addressing activities. Body condition, physiotherapy consultation and medication were not associated with chronic pain. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals of OR for the CBPI were 1.74 (1.23-2.47) and significantly associated with chronic pain. The adjusted OR of the CBPI did not differ from the crude OR. Owner-perceived pain behavior was not confounded by the dogs’ medication. Results indicated that CBPI was not mediated by the medication. The CBPI pain interference score was not associated with response bias and may be used as clinical outcome measure of chronic pain and pain-related disability in dogs with OA along a period of physical rehabilitation comprising pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic pain interventions.
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| 7. |
- Essner, Ann, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric evaluation of the canine brief pain inventory in a Swedish sample of dogs with pain related to osteoarthritis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-605X .- 1751-0147. ; 59:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: To evaluate intervention, implement evidence-based practice and enhance the welfare of dogs with naturally occurring osteoarthritis (OA), access to valid, reliable and clinically relevant outcome measures is crucial for researchers, veterinarians and rehabilitation practitioners. The objectives of the present study were to translate and evaluate psychometric properties, in terms of internal consistency and construct validity, of the owner-reported measure canine brief pain inventory (CBPI) in a Swedish sample of dogs with pain related to OA.RESULTS: Twenty-one owners of clinically sound dogs and 58 owners of dogs with pain related to OA were included in this observational and cross-sectional study. After being translated according to the guidelines for patient-reported outcome measures, the CBPI was completed by the canine owners. Construct validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis, by repeating the principal component analysis and by assessing for differences between clinically sound dogs and dogs with pain related to OA. Internal consistency was estimated by Cronbach's α. Confirmatory factor analysis was not able to confirm the factor-structure models tested in our sample. Principal component analysis showed a two-component structure, pain severity and pain interference of function. Two components accounted for 76.8% of the total variance, suggesting an acceptable fit of a two-component structure. The ratings from the clinically sound dogs differed from OA dogs and showed significantly lower CBPI total sum. Cronbach's α was 0.94 for the total CBPI, 0.91 for the pain severity and 0.91 for the pain interference of function.CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the translated version of the CBPI is valid for use in the Swedish language. The findings suggest satisfying psychometric properties in terms of high internal consistencies and ability to discriminate clinically sound dogs from OA dogs. However, based on the confirmatory factor analysis, the original factor structure in the CBPI is not ideally suited to measure pain related to OA in our sample and the hypothesis of the presented two-factor structure was rejected. Further research needs to be conducted to determine whether the original psychometric results from CBPI can be replicated across different target groups and particularly with larger sample size.
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| 8. |
- Gustavsson, Jaana, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction of apolipoprotein E genotype with smoking and physical inactivity on coronary heart disease risk in men and women.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 220:2, s. 486-492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Apolipoprotein E genotype (APOE) polymorphism affects lipid levels and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. However, these associations may be modified by lifestyle factors. Therefore, we studied whether smoking, physical inactivity or overweight interact with APOE on cholesterol levels and CHD risk. METHODS: Combining two Swedish case-control studies yielded 1735 CHD cases and 4654 population controls (3747 men, 2642 women). Self-reported questionnaire lifestyle data included smoking (ever [current or former regular] or never) and physical inactivity (mainly sitting leisure time). We obtained LDL cholesterol levels and APOE genotypes. CHD risk was modelled using logistic regression to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for relevant covariates. RESULTS: Smoking interacted with APOE on CHD risk; adjusted ORs for ever versus never smoking were 1.45 (95% CI 1.00-2.10) in ɛ2 carriers, 2.25 (95% CI 1.90-2.68) in ɛ3 homozygotes and 2.37 (95% CI 1.85-3.04) in ɛ4 carriers. Female ɛ4 carriers had OR 3.62 (95% CI 2.32-5.63). The adjusted ORs for physical inactivity were 1.09 (95% CI 0.73-1.61), 1.34 (95% CI 1.12-1.61), and 1.79 (95% CI 1.38-2.30) in ɛ2, ɛ3ɛ3 and ɛ4 groups, respectively. No interaction was seen between overweight and APOE for CHD risk, or between any lifestyle factor and APOE for LDL cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION: The APOE ɛ2 allele counteracted CHD risk from smoking in both genders, while the ɛ4 allele was seen to potentiate this risk mainly in women. Similar ɛ2 protection and ɛ4 potentiation was suggested for CHD risk from physical inactivity.
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| 9. |
- Mehlig, Kirsten, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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The association between plasma homocysteine and coronary heart disease is modified by the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Heart (British Cardiac Society). - : BMJ. - 1468-201X .- 1355-6037. ; 99:23, s. 1761-1765
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An elevated level of total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) has been associated with risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The level of tHcy is affected by lifestyle, in addition to genetic predisposition. The methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T polymorphism (rs1801133) is among the strongest genetic predictors of tHcy. We examined whether the association between tHcy and CHD is modified by the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism.
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| 10. |
- Prudente, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Systematic review of rehabilitation in focal dystonias : classification and recommendations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Movement Disorders Clinical Practice. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2330-1619. ; 5:3, s. 237-245
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundRehabilitation interventions are rarely utilized as an alternative or adjunct therapy for focal dystonias. Reasons for limited utilization are unknown, but lack of conclusive evidence of effectiveness is likely a crucial factor.Methods and FindingsThe purpose of this systematic review was to determine the level of evidence for rehabilitation interventions in focal dystonias. Rehabilitation interventions were classified based upon the underlying theoretical basis of different approaches, and the strength of evidence for each category was evaluated to identify gaps in the field. Prospective studies using rehabilitation methods in cervical, hand, and foot dystonia were reviewed. The key elements of treatments tested were identified and studies were grouped into six categories based on the theoretical basis of the intervention: (1) movement practice, (2) training with constraint, (3) sensory reorganization, (4) normalization of muscle activity with external techniques, (5) neuromodulation with training, and (6) compensatory strategies. Quality of the body of evidence ranged from very low‐to‐low according to the grades of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE). Despite inconclusive evidence for these rehabilitation approaches, data suggest that intensive movement practice and neuromodulation combined with motor training should be further explored.ConclusionsThis systematic review presents a novel approach to classify studies of rehabilitation in focal dystonias based on the theoretical basis of intervention. The proposed classification system will move toward a unified theoretical understanding of rehabilitation interventions in dystonia. Moreover, it will help provide recommendations for clinical applications and future investigations.
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