| 1. |
- Kristanl, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 2. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Sixth Visual Object Tracking VOT2018 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: Computer Vision – ECCV 2018 Workshops. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030110086 - 9783030110093 ; , s. 3-53
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2018 is the sixth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of over eighty trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis and a “real-time” experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. A long-term tracking subchallenge has been introduced to the set of standard VOT sub-challenges. The new subchallenge focuses on long-term tracking properties, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. A new dataset has been compiled and a performance evaluation methodology that focuses on long-term tracking capabilities has been adopted. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term and the new long-term tracking subchallenges. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
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| 3. |
- Sun, Ying, et al.
(författare)
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Joint exposure to positive affect, life satisfaction, broad depression, and neuroticism and risk of cardiovascular diseases : A prospective cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 359, s. 44-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Psychologic wellbeing can impact cardiovascular health. We aimed to evaluate the joint association of multiple psychologic wellbeing factors with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and examine whether this association was modified by genetic susceptibility. Methods: In the UK Biobank, 126,255 participants free of CVD (coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke, and heart failure [HF]) at baseline, who completed a questionnaire on psychological factors, were included. The psychological wellbeing score was calculated by four factors: happiness, life satisfaction, broad depression, and neuroticism. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between the psychological wellbeing score and CVD risk. Results: During the median follow-up of 11.5 years, 10,815 participants had newly diagnosed CVDs. Low life satisfaction, the presence of depression, and neuroticism score >= 1 were significantly associated with an increased risk of CVD in the multivariable-adjusted model. Through decreasing the psychological wellbeing score, there were significant increasing linear trends in the risk of CVD, CHD, stroke, and HF (all p for trend < 0.001). Participants with the lowest psychological wellbeing score had the highest risk for CVD (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.42-1.61). Women were more susceptible to worse psychological wellbeing status for CVD than men (p for interaction = 0.009). The associations of the psychological wellbeing score with CVD were consistent across genetic risk (p for interaction >0.05). When considered jointly, participants exposed to high-risk psychological wellbeing and genetic status had a 2.70-fold (95% CI 2.25-3.24) risk for CHD. Conclusions: Joint exposure to multiple psychological wellbeing factors was associated with increased risks of incident CVD in an additive manner, regardless of genetic susceptibility.
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| 4. |
- Sun, Ying, et al.
(författare)
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Joint Exposure to Positive Affect, Life Satisfaction, Depressive Symptoms, and Neuroticism and Incident Type 2 Diabetes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 107:8, s. E3186-E3193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context Whether the psychological wellbeing status could be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes is unclear. Objective We aimed to measure the association between combined psychological wellbeing factors and type 2 diabetes and investigate whether this association was modified by genetic predisposition. Methods Prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank. In total, 127 496 participants who completed a psychological wellbeing questionnaire and did not have type 2 diabetes at baseline (2006-2010) were included; among them, 88 584 (69.5%) were analyzed to determine their genetic predisposition. The main outcome measure was incident type 2 diabetes. Results During the median follow-up of 10.0 years, 2547 incident type 2 diabetes cases were documented. Moderate to extreme unhappiness, satisfaction score <= 3, presence of broad depression, and a neuroticism score >= 3 were all significantly and independently associated with an increased risk of diabetes. When considered as a combination indicator, compared with individuals in the highest quartile of the psychological wellbeing score, the fully adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of type 2 diabetes were 1.41 (1.21-1.65) in the third quartile, 1.45 (1.24-1.69) in the second quartile, and 1.73 (1.48-2.01) in the lowest quartile. In the stratified analysis, we observed significant interactions between age and physical activity, and type 2 diabetes (P-interaction < .001 and 0.049, respectively). However, there was no significant interaction between the psychological wellbeing score and genetic susceptibility to diabetes (P-interaction = .980). Conclusion Worse overall psychological wellbeing was associated with a significantly increased risk of type 2 diabetes in a dose-response fashion regardless of genetic predisposition.
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| 5. |
- Sun, Ying, et al.
(författare)
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Replacement of leisure-time sedentary behavior with various physical activities and the risk of dementia incidence and mortality : A prospective cohort study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Sport and Health Science. - : SHANGHAI UNIV SPORT. - 2095-2546 .- 2213-2961. ; 12:3, s. 287-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Whether or not there is targeted pharmacotherapy for dementia, an active and healthy lifestyle that includes physical activity (PA) may be a better option than medication for preventing dementia. We examined the association between leisure-time sedentary behavior (SB) and the risk of dementia incidence and mortality. We further quantified the effect on dementia risk of replacing sedentary time with an equal amount of time spent on different physical activities.Methods: In the UK Biobank, 484,169 participants (mean age = 56.5 years; 45.2% men) free of dementia were followed from baseline (2006-2010) through July 30, 2021. A standard questionnaire measured individual leisure-time SB (watching TV, computer use, and driving) and PA (walking for pleasure, light and heavy do-it-yourself activity, strenuous sports, and other exercise) frequency and duration in the 4 weeks prior to evaluation. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype data were available for a subset of 397,519 (82.1%) individuals. A Cox proportional hazard model and an isotemporal substitution model were used in this study.Results: During a median 12.4 years of follow-up, 6904 all-cause dementia cases and 2115 deaths from dementia were recorded. In comparison to participants with leisure-time SB <5 h/day, the hazard ratio ((HR), 95% confidence interval (95%CI)) of dementia incidence was 1.07 (1.02-1.13) for 5-8 h/day and 1.25 (1.13-1.38) for >8 h/day, and the HR of dementia mortality was 1.35 (1.12-1.61) for >8 h/day. A 1 standard deviation increment of sedentary time (2.33 h/day) was strongly associated with a higher incidence of dementia and mortality (HR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.03-1.08 and HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.03-1.12, respectively). The association between sedentary time and the risk of developing dementia was more profound in subjects <60 years than in those =60 years (HR =1.26, 95%CI: 1.00-1.58 vs. HR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.08-1.35 in >8 h/day, p for interaction = 0.013). Replacing 30 min/day of leisure sedentary time with an equal time spent in total PA was associated with a 6% decreased risk and 9% decreased mortality from dementia, with exercise (e.g., swimming, cycling, aerobics, bowling) showing the strongest benefit (HR = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.78-0.86 and HR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.72-0.86). Compared with APOE e4 noncarriers, APOE e4 carriers are more likely to see a decrease in Alzheimer's disease incidence and mortality when PA is substituted for SB.Conclusion: Leisure-time SB was positively associated with the risk of dementia incidence and mortality. Replacing sedentary time with equal time spent doing PA may be associated with a significant reduction in dementia incidence and mortality risk.
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| 6. |
- Wang, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Association of sleep patterns and cardiovascular disease risk is modified by glucose tolerance status
- 2023
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Ingår i: Diabetes/Metabolism Research Reviews. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1520-7552 .- 1520-7560. ; 39:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To investigate whether the association between sleep patterns and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk differs according to glucose tolerance status. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 358,805 participants initially free of CVD from the UK Biobank. We created a sleep score based on five sleep factors (sleep duration, chronotype, insomnia, snoring, and daytime sleepiness) with one point for each unhealthy factor. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between sleep and incident CVD, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, according to normal glucose tolerance (NGT), prediabetes, and diabetes. Results: During a median follow-up of 12.4 years, 29,663 incident CVD events were documented. There was a significant interaction between sleep score and glucose tolerance status on CVD (P for interaction = 0.002). Each 1 point increment in sleep score was associated with a 7% (95% confidence interval 6%9%), 11% (8%-14%), and 13% (9%-17%) higher risk of CVD among participants with NGT, prediabetes, and diabetes, respectively. Similar interaction patterns were observed for CHD and stroke. Among the individual sleep factors, sleep duration and insomnia significantly interacted with glucose tolerance status on CVD outcomes (all P for interaction <0.05). All five unhealthy sleep factors accounted for 14.2% (8.7%-19.8%), 19.5% (7.4%-31.0%), and 25.1% (9.7%-39.3%) of incident CVD cases among participants with NGT, prediabetes, and diabetes, respectively. Conclusions: The CVD risk associated with a poor sleep pattern was exacerbated across glucose intolerance status. Our findings emphasise the importance of integrating sleep management into a lifestyle modification programme, particularly in people with prediabetes or diabetes.
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| 7. |
- Wang, Ningjian, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term night shift work is associated with the risk of atrial fibrillation and coronary heart disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 42:40, s. 4180-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsThe aim of this study was to test whether current and past night shift work was associated with incident atrial fibrillation (AF) and whether this association was modified by genetic vulnerability. Its associations with coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and heart failure (HF) were measured as a secondary aim.Methods and resultsThis cohort study included 283657 participants in paid employment or self-employed without AF and 276009 participants free of CHD, stroke, and HF at baseline in the UK Biobank. Current and lifetime night shift work information was obtained. Cox proportional hazard models were used. Weighted genetic risk score for AF was calculated. During a median follow-up of 10.4years, 5777 incident AF cases were documented. From 'day workers', 'shift but never/rarely night shifts', and 'some night shifts' to 'usual/permanent night shifts', there was a significant increasing trend in the risk of incident AF (P for trend 0.013). Usual or permanent night shifts were associated with the highest risk [hazard ratio (HR) 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.32]. Considering a person's lifetime work schedule and compared with shift workers never working nights, participants with a duration over 10years and an average 3-8 nights/month frequency of night shift work exposure possessed higher AF risk (HR 1.18, 95% CI 0.99-1.40 and HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.02-1.45, respectively). These associations between current and lifetime night shifts and AF were not modified by genetic predisposition to AF. Usual/permanent current night shifts, >= 10years and 3-8 nights/month of lifetime night shifts were significantly associated with a higher risk of incident CHD (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.11-1.35, HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.20-1.58 and HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.18-1.55, respectively). These associations in stroke and HF were not significant.ConclusionBoth current and lifetime night shift exposures were associated with increased AF risk, regardless of genetic AF risk. Night shift exposure also increased the risk of CHD but not stroke or HF. Whether decreasing night shift work frequency and duration might represent another avenue to improve heart health during working life and beyond warrants further study.
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| 8. |
- Wang, Ningjian, et al.
(författare)
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Total and regional fat-to-muscle mass ratio measured by bioelectrical impedance and risk of incident type 2 diabetes
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2190-5991 .- 2190-6009. ; 12:6, s. 2154-2162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The fat-to-muscle mass ratio (FMR) might be an indicator to assess type 2 diabetes risk independent of general obesity. However, no longitudinal studies have explored the extent to which total and regional FMRs may confer risks. We aimed to measure the sex-specific associations between FMRs of the arm, leg, trunk and whole body and incident type 2 diabetes.Methods A total of 464 817 participants (207 286 men and 257 531 women, mean age 56.5 ± 8.2 and 56.2 ± 8.0 years old, respectively) free of diabetes at baseline were included in this prospective cohort study with UK Biobank data. Fat mass and muscle mass were estimated using a bioelectrical impedance assessment device (Tanita BC 418MA). FMR was calculated as fat mass divided by muscle mass in corresponding body parts (total body, arm, leg and trunk). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the aforementioned associations among men and women. Interaction analyses were performed between FMRs and body mass index (BMI) categories (BMI < 25 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2).Results Over the median 11.0 years (5 057 534 person-years) of follow-up, we documented 11 618 cases of type 2 diabetes. There was a significantly positive association between total and regional FMR and incident type 2 diabetes, even after adjusting for BMI and other covariates. Compared with other body parts, FMRs of the whole body and leg showed the strongest relationship among men and women, respectively (hazard ratio per 1 SD, 95% confidence interval: 1.67, 1.55–1.80; 1.45, 1.39–1.53). A significant interaction (P for interaction < 0.001) between BMI category and FMRs of different body parts was observed. In the stratified analysis by BMI category and tertiles of FMRs, overweight/obese individuals with a high FMR tertile tended to have the highest hazard ratio, ranging from 5.91 to 7.94 in whole body and regional areas.Conclusions In this large prospective study, higher total and regional FMRs were associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, independent of BMI. This association was markedly strengthened in participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.
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| 9. |
- Yu, Yuefeng, et al.
(författare)
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Sleep Duration and Visceral Adipose Tissue : Linear and Nonlinear Mendelian Randomization Analyses
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Oxford University Press. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 107:11, s. 2992-2999
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CONTEXT: Increasing evidence suggests that sleep is important for fat metabolism. However, the causal relationship between sleep duration and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) needs to be further clarified.OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the linear and nonlinear causal association between sleep duration and VAT.METHODS: This study used one-sample and two-sample Mendelian randomization MR). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with sleep duration at genome-wide significance were obtained from published genome-wide association studies. We also recalculated the correlation between each SNP and sleep duration in the UK Biobank. The associations of SNPs with predicted VAT (396 858 participants) were conducted in the UK Biobank.RESULTS: A total of 396 858 eligible participants (54.10% females, 57 ± 8 years old) were included in the study. The participants slept 7.17 ± 1.04 hours and stored 1.25 ± 0.88 kg of VAT on average. Genetically predicted sleep duration was significantly associated with VAT. For each 1-hour increase in genetically predicted sleep duration, the reduction in predicted VAT mass was 0.11 kg (P = 8.18E-16) in total, 0.17 kg (P = 3.30E-11) in men and 0.07 kg (P = 1.94E-06) in women. Nonlinear MR analyses demonstrated nonlinearity (L-shaped associations) between genetically predicted sleep duration and VAT in all participants, men, and women. Complementary analyses provided confirmative evidence of the adverse effects of genetically predicted short sleep duration on the increased VAT. In contrast, no clear evidence on the causal effect of genetically predicted long sleep duration on VAT mass was found.CONCLUSION: The causal association of sleep duration with VAT was L-type. Our findings support that short sleep duration is a risk factor for increasing VAT, thus reinforcing the probability that increasing sleep duration may decrease VAT.
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| 10. |
- Zhang, Haojie, et al.
(författare)
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, sleep behaviors, and incident type 2 diabetes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0815-9319 .- 1440-1746. ; 37:8, s. 1633-1640
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aim Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with incident type 2 diabetes; however, the extent to which NAFLD may confer its risk remains uncertain, especially in Europeans. Emerging evidence suggests that sleep behaviors are linked to NAFLD and diabetes. We aimed to measure whether sleep behaviors modified the association between NAFLD and incident type 2 diabetes. Methods This prospective cohort study included 365 339 participants without type 2 diabetes at baseline in UK Biobank data. Five sleep behaviors, including sleep duration, insomnia, snoring, chronotype, and daytime sleepiness, were collected from the questionnaire. Overall sleep patterns were created by summing the five scores. Liver steatosis was based on the fatty liver index. Results During a median follow up of 11.0 years, we documented 8774 patients with incident type 2 diabetes. NAFLD was significantly associated with increased diabetes risk. Sleeping 7-8 h/day, no insomnia, no self-reported snoring, and no frequent daytime sleepiness were independently associated with incident type 2 diabetes, with a 20%, 18%, 16%, and 31% lower risk, respectively. About 33.8% and 33.5% of type 2 diabetes events in this cohort could be attributed to NAFLD and poor sleep pattern, respectively. Participants with NAFLD and poor sleep pattern showed the highest risk of type 2 diabetes (relative risk 3.17, 95% confidence interval 2.80, 3.59). Sleep pattern (healthy, intermediate, and poor) did not significantly modify the association between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes. However, when studying separately, we found a significant interaction between NAFLD and insomnia on the risk of incident type 2 diabetes (P for interaction = 0.003). Conclusion In this large prospective study, both NAFLD and some sleep behaviors were risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Although overall sleep pattern did not modify the association between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes, certain sleep behavior, especially insomnia, showed the modification effect.
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