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| 3. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 4. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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| 5. |
- Weinstein, John N., et al.
(författare)
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The cancer genome atlas pan-cancer analysis project
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 45:10, s. 1113-1120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network has profiled and analyzed large numbers of human tumors to discover molecular aberrations at the DNA, RNA, protein and epigenetic levels. The resulting rich data provide a major opportunity to develop an integrated picture of commonalities, differences and emergent themes across tumor lineages. The Pan-Cancer initiative compares the first 12 tumor types profiled by TCGA. Analysis of the molecular aberrations and their functional roles across tumor types will teach us how to extend therapies effective in one cancer type to others with a similar genomic profile. © 2013 Nature America, Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Chen, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Reversible and Irreversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Tracers Using a "Tail Switching" Strategy on a Piperazinyl Azetidine Skeleton
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 62:7, s. 3336-3353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a senile hydrolase that degrades 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the endocannabinoid system (eCB). Selective inhibition of MAGL has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of diverse pathological conditions, including chronic pain, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Herein, we disclose a novel array of reversible and irreversible MAGL inhibitors by means of "tail switching" on a piperazinyl azetidine scaffold. We developed a lead irreversible-binding MAGL inhibitor 8 and reversible-binding compounds 17 and 37, which are amenable for radiolabeling with C-11 or F-18. [C-11]8 ([C-11]MAGL-2-11) exhibited high brain uptake and excellent binding specificity in the brain toward MAGL. Reversible radioligands [C-11]17 ([C-11]PAD) and [F-18]37 ([F-18]MAGL-4-11) also demonstrated excellent in vivo binding specificity toward MAGL in peripheral organs. This work may pave the way for the development of MAGL-targeted positron emission tomography tracers with tunability in reversible and irreversible binding mechanisms.
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| 7. |
- Jin, Ying-Hui, et al.
(författare)
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Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
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| 8. |
- Liu, Zhiying, et al.
(författare)
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On Gate Capacitance of Nanotube Networks
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE Electron Device Letters. - : IEEE. - 0741-3106 .- 1558-0563. ; 32:5, s. 641-643
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This letter presents a systematic investigation of the gate capacitance C-G of thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on randomly distributed single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in the channel. In order to reduce false counting of SWCNTs that do not contribute to current conduction, C-G is directly measured on the TFTs using a well-established method for MOSFETs. Frequency dispersion of C-G is observed, and it is found to depend on the percolation behavior in SWCNT networks. This dependence can be accounted for using an RC transmission line model. These results are of important implications for the determination of carrier mobility in nanoparticle-based TFTs.
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| 9. |
- Liu, Zhiying, et al.
(författare)
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Mobility Extraction for Nanotube TFTs
- 2011
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Ingår i: IEEE Electron Device Letters. - 0741-3106 .- 1558-0563. ; 32:7, s. 913-915
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An extensive investigation of carrier mobility is presented for thin-film transistors (TFTs) with single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) networks as the semiconductor channel. For TFTs particularly with low-density SWCNTs in the networks, the extracted mobility using the standard method for Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors is erroneous, mainly resulting from use of a parallel-plate capacitor model and assumption of the source-drain current being inversely proportional to the channel length. Large hysteresis in the transfer characteristics further complicates the extraction. By properly addressing all these challenges in this letter, a comprehensive methodology is established, leading to the extraction of mobility values that are independent of geometrical parameters.
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| 10. |
- Wei, Minrui, et al.
(författare)
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Vibronic fine structure in the nitrogen 1s photoelectron spectra of molecules from Franck-Condon simulations: Azines
- 2022
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Ingår i: Physical Review A: covering atomic, molecular, and optical physics and quantum information. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2469-9926 .- 2469-9934. ; 106:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibronic coupling plays a pivotal role in molecular spectroscopy. We present a theoretical study on vibrationally resolved x-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of seven azines (CxHyNz; pyridine, three diazines, two triazines, and one tetrazine) at the nitrogen 1s edge, to explore the vibronic coupling effects as influenced by consecutive replacement of the CH group with a N atom. Franck-Condon simulations were performed with the Duschinsky rotation effect included, where the electronic structure was calculated by the density functional theory. Validations on pyrimidine show good agreement with the experiment, weak functional dependence, and weak mode mixing effect. We observed an evident blue shift in binding energies with the increasing number of N atoms in this series, together with molecule-dependent vibronic fine structures. These molecules have either C2v or Cs molecular symmetry at the optimized core-ionized geometries. Franck-Condon-active vibrational modes were identified to be low frequency (500–1650 cm−1), totally symmetric (A1 or A′), in-plane ring deformation modes. Core ionization on N∗ always leads to elongation of the N∗−N bond length, accompanied by an increase of the ∠C−N∗−X bond angle (X=C, N). Our study predicts accurate theoretical reference spectra for the azine family and provides useful information on the properties of the core-ionized states as influenced by the structural change of CH↔N replacement.
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