| 1. |
- Zhang, Yanqing, et al.
(författare)
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HflX is a ribosome-splitting factor rescuing stalled ribosomes under stress conditions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1545-9993 .- 1545-9985. ; 22:11, s. 906-913
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adverse cellular conditions often lead to nonproductive translational stalling and arrest of ribosomes on mRNAs. Here, we used fast kinetics and cryo-EM to characterize Escherichia coil HflX, a GTPase with unknown function. Our data reveal that HflX is a heat shock-induced ribosome-splitting factor capable of dissociating vacant as well as mRNA-associated ribosomes with deacylated tRNA in the peptidyl site. Structural data demonstrate that the N-terminal effector domain of HflX binds to the peptidyl transferase center in a strikingly similar manner as that of the class I release factors and induces dramatic conformational changes in central intersubunit bridges, thus promoting subunit dissociation. Accordingly, loss of HflX results in an increase in stalled ribosomes upon heat shock, These results suggest a primary role of HflX in rescuing translationally arrested ribosomes under stress conditions.
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| 2. |
- Feng, Boya, et al.
(författare)
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Structural and Functional Insights into the Mode of Action of a Universally Conserved Obg GTPase
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLoS biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1544-9173 .- 1545-7885. ; 12:5, s. e1001866-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obg proteins are a family of P-loop GTPases, conserved from bacteria to human. The Obg protein in Escherichia coli (ObgE) has been implicated in many diverse cellular functions, with proposed molecular roles in two global processes, ribosome assembly and stringent response. Here, using pre-steady state fast kinetics we demonstrate that ObgE is an anti-association factor, which prevents ribosomal subunit association and downstream steps in translation by binding to the 50S subunit. ObgE is a ribosome dependent GTPase; however, upon binding to guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp), the global regulator of stringent response, ObgE exhibits an enhanced interaction with the 50S subunit, resulting in increased equilibrium dissociation of the 70S ribosome into subunits. Furthermore, our cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the 50S? ObgE? GMPPNP complex indicates that the evolutionarily conserved N-terminal domain (NTD) of ObgE is a tRNA structural mimic, with specific interactions with peptidyl-transferase center, displaying a marked resemblance to Class I release factors. These structural data might define ObgE as a specialized translation factor related to stress responses, and provide a framework towards future elucidation of functional interplay between ObgE and ribosome-associated (p) ppGpp regulators. Together with published data, our results suggest that ObgE might act as a checkpoint in final stages of the 50S subunit assembly under normal growth conditions. And more importantly, ObgE, as a (p) ppGpp effector, might also have a regulatory role in the production of the 50S subunit and its participation in translation under certain stressed conditions. Thus, our findings might have uncovered an under-recognized mechanism of translation control by environmental cues.
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| 3. |
- Doria, Andrea S., et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative versus semiquantitative MR imaging of cartilage in blood-induced arthritic ankles: preliminary findings
- 2014
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Ingår i: Pediatric Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1998 .- 0301-0449. ; 44:5, s. 576-586
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent advances in hemophilia prophylaxis have raised the need for accurate noninvasive methods for assessment of early cartilage damage in maturing joints to guide initiation of prophylaxis. Such methods can either be semiquantitative or quantitative. Whereas semiquantitative scores are less time-consuming to be performed than quantitative methods, they are prone to subjective interpretation. To test the feasibility of a manual segmentation and a quantitative methodology for cross-sectional evaluation of articular cartilage status in growing ankles of children with blood-induced arthritis, as compared with a semiquantitative scoring system and clinical-radiographic constructs. Twelve boys, 11 with hemophilia (A, n = 9; B, n = 2) and 1 with von Willebrand disease (median age: 13; range: 6-17), underwent physical examination and MRI at 1.5 T. Two radiologists semiquantitatively scored the MRIs for cartilage pathology (surface erosions, cartilage loss) with blinding to clinical information. An experienced operator applied a validated quantitative 3-D MRI method to determine the percentage area of denuded bone (dAB) and the cartilage thickness (ThCtAB) in the joints' MRIs. Quantitative and semiquantitative MRI methods and clinical-radiographic constructs (Hemophilia Joint Health Score [HJHS], Pettersson radiograph scores) were compared. Moderate correlations were noted between erosions and dAB (r = 0.62, P = 0.03) in the talus but not in the distal tibia (P > 0.05). Whereas substantial to high correlations (r range: 0.70-0.94, P < 0.05) were observed between erosions, cartilage loss, HJHS and Pettersson scores both at the distal tibia and talus levels, moderate/borderline substantial (r range: 0.55-0.61, P < 0.05) correlations were noted between dAB/ThCtAB and clinical-radiographic constructs. Whereas the semiquantitative method of assessing cartilage status is closely associated with clinical-radiographic scores in cross-sectional studies of blood-induced arthropathy, quantitative measures provide independent information and are therefore less applicable for that research design.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Luo, Qingyong, et al.
(författare)
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Thermal evolution behavior of the organic matter and a ray of light on the origin of vitrinite-like maceral in the Mesoproterozoic and Lower Cambrian black shales: Insights from artificial maturation
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Coal Geology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-5162 .- 1872-7840. ; 244, s. 103813-103813
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overmature Precambrian to Lower Paleozoic marine shales from China contain relatively simple organic matter (OM) composition, which is dominated by in-source solid bitumen (i.e., solid bitumen in the hydrocarbon source rocks). The thermal evolution behavior of the original OM and the determination of thermal maturity in the Precambrian to Cambrian marine shales have been challenging for decades. The vitrinite-like maceral (VLM) is widely present in these marine shales, and its origin is still unknown. To address these issues, the immature Proterozoic Xiamaling shales from China and the immature Cambrian Alum shales from Sweden, and a Chinese immature Carboniferous coal were heat-treated at temperature range of 300 ◦C to 550 ◦C. The carbonized residue of the artificially matured samples was examined for their morphological and reflectance variation, and the results were compared with data on the other overmature natural shales from China and Sweden. OM components are similar in the Xiamaling and Alum immature oil shales, consisting of filamentous algae, matrix bituminite, bituminite, VLM and liptodetrinite, and rare thucholites are present in the Xiamaling shales. The algal-derived OM decomposed gradually due to hydrocarbon generation at 300–350 ◦C. OM is mainly composed of the in-source solid bitumen in the artificially heated shales after 350 ◦C, similar to the overmature Precambrian to Cambrian natural shales, and the in-source solid bitumen gradually loses its mass with increasing thermal maturity. The in-source solid bitumen is derived from the thermal cracking of the retained oil or the direct conversion of algal-derived liptinite macerals (e.g., the bituminite) or their mixture. VLM in the Xiamaling oil shales can not be observed after 350 ◦C, but VLM is still present in the Alum oil shales. It can be inferred that there is a different source of VLM in these shales, and VLM in the Xiamaling oil shales contains more volatile material. The VLM in the Xiamaling shales may be biodegradation products of liptinites under anoxic environments. The origin of VLM in the Cambrian Alum shales requires further study to be verified, although it is certain that graptolites are not its sources. The reflectance of in-source solid bitumen (SBRo) increases with heat-treated temperature in both the Xiamaling shales and the Alum shales, but at different rates, which may be due to the difference of the original kerogen composition in these shales. VLM reflectance (VLMRo) and SBRo in sections perpendicular to bedding can be used to determine the maturation level of the Precambrian-Cambrian sediments. Their relation to equivalent vitrinite reflectance (EqVRo) can be expressed by the following equations: EqVRo = 1.07 × VLMRo – 0.18, EqVRo = 0.87 × SBRo + 0.25 (in the Precambrian sediments) and EqVRo = 1.15 × SBRo + 0.01 (in the Cambrian sediments).
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