| 1. |
- Wang, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic value of the extent of lymphadenectomy for esophageal cancer-specific survival among T1 patients
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Clinically, there are no clear guidelines on the extent of lymphadenectomy in patients with T1 esophageal cancer. Studying the minimum number of lymph nodes for resection may increase cancer-specific survival.Methods: Patients who underwent esophagectomy and lymphadenectomy at T1 stage were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (United States, 1998–2014). Maximally selected rank and Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine three variables: the number of lymph nodes examined, the number of negative lymph nodes and the lymph node ratio.Results: Approximately 18% had lymph node metastases, where the median values were 10, 10 and 0 for the number of lymph nodes examined, the number of negative lymph nodes and the lymph node ratio, respectively. All three examined variables were statistically associated with cancer-specific survival probability. Dividing patients into two groups shows a clear difference in cancer-specific survival compared to four or five groups for all three variables: there was a 29% decrease in the risk of death with the number of lymph nodes examined ≥14 vs < 14 (hazard ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.57–0.89), a 35% decrease in the risk of death with the number of negative lymph nodes ≥13 vs < 13 (hazard ratio 0.65, 95% confidence interval: 0.52–0.81), and an increase of 1.21 times in the risk of death (hazard ratio 2.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.76–2.77) for the lymph node ratio > 0.05 vs ≤ 0.05.Conclusions: The extent of lymph node dissection is associated with cancer-specific survival, and the minimum number of lymph nodes that need to be removed is 14. The number of negative lymph nodes and the lymph node ratio also have prognostic value after lymphadenectomy among T1 stage patients.
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| 2. |
- Zhang, Xiangwei, et al.
(författare)
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The Prognostic Value of Tumor Length for Cause-Specific Mortality in Resectable Esophageal Cancer.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - : Elsevier. - 0003-4975 .- 1552-6259. ; 106:4, s. 1038-1046
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The current esophageal cancer AJCC-TNM staging system may not capture the full prognostic implications of the primary tumor. A study is needed to explore the prognostic value of tumor size on esophageal cancer-specific mortality.METHODS: Patients who underwent surgical resection for non-metastatic esophageal cancer were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program database (United States, 1988 - 2014). Using statistics methods - maximally selected rank and two hazard models (Cox model and Fine-Gray model) - the optimum cutoff point for tumor length in each T classification was estimated and the prognostic value of tumor size on esophageal cancer-specific mortality was analyzed.RESULTS: 4,447 patients were identified. The median tumor size was significantly correlated with T classification, with the correlation coefficient of 0.43 (p < 0.001). Patients in the T1-T3 classifications who had larger tumor size showed a larger probability of cancer-specific mortality. The multivariate Cox model showed that tumor size was significantly associated with an increase in cancer-specific mortality in T1 (2.15, 95% CI [1.72, 2.69]) and T2 (1.31, 95% CI [1.06, 1.62]), but marginally significantly in T3 (1.12, 95% CI [1.00, 1.27]) and insignificantly in T4 classification (p > 0.1). Similar results were found using the multivariate Fine-Gray model.CONCLUSIONS: We have found that combining T classification with tumor size can increase the precision in identifying the high-risk groups in T1-T2 classification. Based on esophageal cancer-specific mortality our study is the first to explore the prognostic cutoff point of tumor size by T classification.
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| 3. |
- Olson, Nathan D., et al.
(författare)
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precisionFDA Truth Challenge V2: Calling variants from short- and long-reads in difficult-to-map regions
- 2020
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The precisionFDA Truth Challenge V2 aimed to assess the state-of-the-art of variant calling in difficult-to-map regions and the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Starting with FASTQ files, 20 challenge participants applied their variant calling pipelines and submitted 64 variant callsets for one or more sequencing technologies (~35X Illumina, ~35X PacBio HiFi, and ~50X Oxford Nanopore Technologies). Submissions were evaluated following best practices for benchmarking small variants with the new GIAB benchmark sets and genome stratifications. Challenge submissions included a number of innovative methods for all three technologies, with graph-based and machine-learning methods scoring best for short-read and long-read datasets, respectively. New methods out-performed the 2016 Truth Challenge winners, and new machine-learning approaches combining multiple sequencing technologies performed particularly well. Recent developments in sequencing and variant calling have enabled benchmarking variants in challenging genomic regions, paving the way for the identification of previously unknown clinically relevant variants.
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| 4. |
- Olson, Nathan D., et al.
(författare)
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PrecisionFDA Truth Challenge V2: Calling variants from short and long reads in difficult-to-map regions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Cell Genomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-979X. ; 2:5, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The precisionFDA Truth Challenge V2 aimed to assess the state of the art of variant calling in challenging genomic regions. Starting with FASTQs, 20 challenge participants applied their variant-calling pipelines and submitted 64 variant call sets for one or more sequencing technologies (Illumina, PacBio HiFi, and Oxford Nanopore Technologies). Submissions were evaluated following best practices for benchmarking small variants with updated Genome in a Bottle benchmark sets and genome stratifications. Challenge submissions included numerous innovative methods, with graph-based and machine learning methods scoring best for short-read and long-read datasets, respectively. With machine learning approaches, combining multiple sequencing technologies performed particularly well. Recent developments in sequencing and variant calling have enabled benchmarking variants in challenging genomic regions, paving the way for the identification of previously unknown clinically relevant variants.
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| 5. |
- Wang, Yaling, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced performance and stability of inverted planar perovskite solar cells by incorporating 1,6-diaminohexane dihydrochloride additive
- 2018
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 188, s. 140-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein, 1,6-Diaminohexane Dihydrochloride (1,6-DD) is introduced into perovskite precursors to fabricate the inverted planar perovskite solar cells. By regulating the concentration of 1,6-DD additive, the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells is enhanced by 20%. The champion device achieves a relatively high PCE of 17% and an excellent fill factor of 80.1%. The PCE of the large-area (1 cm(2)) device also reaches to 13.68%. After exposure to the air for 16 days, the device with 1,6-DD additive still retains above 90% of the initial efficiency, exhibiting good stability. We demonstrate that a small amount of 1,6-DD affects the crystallization dynamic, yielding ideal perovskite film with enhanced crystallinity and enlarged grain size. The two terminal -NH3+ groups passivates the vacancy defects at the perovskite crystal surface, suppressing charge recombination and facilitating charge transportation effectively. Meanwhile, adjacent crystal surfaces are linked through the hexane alkyl chain of 1,6-DD molecule, which enhances the interaction between perovskite grains and anchors the microstructure of perovskite to some degree. Hydrophobic hexane alkyl chains also increase the moisture resistance of perovskite film. Thus, an easy and effective way is provided for fabricating efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
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| 6. |
- Yang, Xiaorong, et al.
(författare)
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Global burden for dengue and the evolving pattern in the past 30 years
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Travel Medicine. - : Oxford University Press. - 1195-1982 .- 1708-8305. ; 28:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dengue is the most prevalent and rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease. We present the global, regional and national burden of dengue from 1990 to 2019 based on the findings from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019).Methods: Based upon GBD 2019 dengue data on age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized disability-Adjusted life years (DALYs) rate, this study estimates and presents annual percentage change (EAPC) to quantify trends over time to assess potential correlates of increased dengue activity, such as global travel and warming.Results: Globally from 1990 to 2019, dengue incident cases, deaths and DALYs gradually increased. Those under 5 years of age, once accounting for the largest portion of deaths and DALYs in 1990, were eclipsed by those who were 15-49 years old in 2019. Age standardized incidence [ASIR: EAPC: 3.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.90-3.43], death (ASDR: EAPC: 5.42, 95% CI: 2.64-8.28) and DALY rates (EAPC: 2.31, 95% CI: 2.00-2.62) accelerated most among high-middle and high sociodemographic index (SDI) regions. South-East Asia and South Asia had most of the dengue incident cases, deaths and DALYs, but East Asia had the fastest rise in ASIR (EAPC: 4.57, 95% CI: 4.31, 4.82), while Tropical Latin America led in ASDR (EAPC: 11.32, 95% CI: 9.11, 13.58) and age-standardized DALYs rate (EAPC: 4.13, 95% CI: 2.98, 5.29). SDI showed consistent bell-shaped relationship with ASIR, ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate. Global land-ocean temperature index and air passenger travel metrics were found to be remarkably positively correlated with dengue burden.Conclusions: The burden of dengue has become heavier from 1990 to 2019, amidst the three decades of urbanization, warming climates and increased human mobility in much of the world. South-East Asia and South Asia remain as regions of concern, especially in conjunction with the Americas' swift rise in dengue burden.
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| 7. |
- Zhang, Xiaoying, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of MMP-10 in lung cancer
- 2007
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Ingår i: Anticancer research. - 1791-7530. ; 27:4C, s. 2791-2795
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated degradation of the extracellular matrix is a key point in tumor development and expansion. MMP-10 is one of the most important and well-characterized members of the MMP family. In the present study, we examined MMP-10 mRNA and protein levels in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients and Methods: Three endogenous reference genes including GAPDH, beta-actin and 18S rRNA, and MMP-10 mRNA levels were determined using real-time RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical staining was applied to examine MMP-10 protein levels. Both tumor and adjacent normal lung tissues were collected from 32 NSCLC patients. The mRNA levels of GAPDH, beta-actin and 18S rRNA exhibited great differences in tumor tissues and in the adjacent normal tissues. The ratio of mRNA levels in the tumor tissues compared to the adjacent normal tissues followed the pattern GAPDH > beta-actin > 18S rRNA. Thereafter, we chose 18S rRNA as the reference gene for MMP-10 mRNA level determinations. MMP-10 mRNA levels in tumor tissues were significantly lower than those in the adjacent normal tissues (p = 0.0423). However, the MMP- 10 protein levels were higher in the tumor tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues (p=0.0055). The MMP-10 mRNA level was positively-correlated to the MMP-10 protein level in tumor tissues (r=0.4672, p=0.0161), but this correlation was not seen in the adjacent normal tissues (r=-0.0030, p=0.9891). Conclusion: There were no statistical differences in MMP-10 mRNA levels and protein levels in relation to patient's gender, age, tumor stages, tumor size, lymph node metastasis or tumor histological type.
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| 8. |
- Zhang, Xiangwei, et al.
(författare)
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The prognostic value of tumor length to resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma : a retrospective study
- 2017
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Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The current TNM classification system does not consider tumor length for patients with esophageal carcinoma (EC). This study explored the effect of tumor length, in addition to tumor depth and lymph node involvement, on survival in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Methods: A total of 498 ESCC patients who underwent surgical resection as the primary treatment were selected in the retrospective study. Pathological details were collected, which included tumor type, TNM stage, differentiation. Other collected information were: the types of esophageal resection, ABO blood group, family history and demographic and lifestyle factors. A time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and a regression tree for survival were used to identify the cut-off point of tumor length, which was 3 cm. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to identify the prognostic factors to ESCC.Results & Discussion: The 1-, 3-, 5-year overall survival rates were found to be 82.5%, 55.6%, and 35.1%, respectively. Patients who had larger tumor length (>3 cm) had a higher risk for death than the rest patients. From the univariate Cox proportional hazards regression model, the overall survival rate was significantly influenced by the depth of the tumor and lymph node involvement (either as dummy or continuous variables), Sex, and tumor length. Using these four variables in the multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model, we found that the overall survival was significantly influenced by all variables except Sex. Therefore, in addition to the depth of the tumor and lymph node involvement (as either dummy or continuous variables), the tumor length is also an independent prognostic factor for ESCC. The overall survival rate was higher in a group with smaller tumor length (≤3 cm) than those patients with larger tumor length (>3 cm), no matter what the tumor stage was.Conclusion: The tumor length was found to be an important prognostic factor for ESCC patients without receiving neoadjuvant therapy. The modification of EC staging system may consider tumor length to better predict ESCC survival and identify higher risk patients for postoperative therapy.
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| 9. |
- Zhang, Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Direct Solar Energy-Mediated Synthesis of Tertiary Benzylic Alcohols Using a Metal-Free Heterogeneous Photocatalyst
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2168-0485. ; 10:1, s. 530-540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Direct hydroxylation via the functionalization of tertiary benzylic C(sp(3))-H bonds is of great significance for obtaining tertiary alcohols, which find wide applications in pharmaceuticals as well as in fine chemical industries. However, current synthetic procedures use toxic reagents, and therefore, the development of a sustainable strategy for the synthesis of tertiary benzylic alcohols is highly desirable. To solve this problem, herein, we report a metal-free heterogeneous photocatalyst to synthesize the hydroxylated products using oxygen as the key reagent. Various benzylic substrates were employed into our mild reaction conditions to afford the desirable products in good to excellent yields. More importantly, the gram-scale reaction was achieved via harvesting direct solar energy and exhibited high quantity of the product. The high stability of the catalyst was proved via recycling the catalyst and spectroscopic analyses. Finally, a possible mechanism was proposed based on electron paramagnetic resonance and other experimental evidence.
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