| 1. |
- Zhang, Xiaorong, et al.
(författare)
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Review of chemical looping process for carbonaceous feedstock Conversion : Rational design of oxygen carriers
- 2022
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Ingår i: Fuel. - : Elsevier. - 0016-2361 .- 1873-7153. ; 325
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The chemical looping partial oxidation (CLPO) process as a technology of chemical looping process (CLP) is recognized as a potential strategy for the efficient and clean conversion of fuels into syngas/H2. Herein, in view of the importance of low-cost high-performance metal oxides as oxygen carriers (OCs) for this conversion, we systematically review the classification and CLPO applications of such OCs and discuss the improvement of OC reactivity and stability via the creation of metal–metal or metal–support synergism, the generation of oxygen vacancies, and the enhancement of deactivation resistance. Further, we present the results of theoretical and experimental characterizations probing ion diffusion and surface reactions to provide insights into the related reaction mechanisms and touch on the challenges and opportunities of developing metal oxides with excellent reactivity and long-term cycling stability in CLP. Thus, this review facilitates the design and performance regulation of OCs for future energy conversion systems.
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| 2. |
- Fytory, Mostafa, et al.
(författare)
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Core-Shell Nanostructured Drug Delivery Platform Based on Biocompatible Metal-Organic Framework-Ligated Polyethyleneimine for Targeted Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Omega. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2470-1343. ; 8:23, s. 20779-20791
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multifunctional nanosized metal-organic frameworks(NMOFs)have advanced rapidly over the past decade to develop drug deliverysystems (DDSs). These material systems still lack precise and selectivecellular targeting, as well as the fast release of the quantity ofdrugs that are simply adsorbed within and on the external surfaceof nanocarriers, which hinders their application in the drug delivery.Herein, we designed a biocompatible Zr-based NMOF with an engineeredcore and the hepatic tumor-targeting ligand, glycyrrhetinic acid graftedto polyethyleneimine (PEI) as the shell. The improved core-shellserves as a superior nanoplatform for efficient controlled and activedelivery of the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) against hepaticcancer cells (HepG2 cells). In addition to their high loading capacityof 23%, the developed nanostructure DOX@NMOF-PEI-GA showed an acidicpH-stimulated response and extended the drug release time to 9 daysas well as enhanced the selectivity toward the tumor cells. Interestingly,the DOX-free nanostructures showed a minimal toxic effect on bothnormal human skin fibroblast (HSF) and hepatic cancer cell line (HepG2),but the DOX-loaded nanostructures exhibited a superior killing effecttoward the hepatic tumor, thus opening the way for the active drugdelivery and achieving efficient cancer therapy applications.
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| 3. |
- Naghavi, Mohsen, et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 385:9963, s. 117-171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Up-to-date evidence on levels and trends for age-sex-specifi c all-cause and cause-specifi c mortality is essential for the formation of global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) we estimated yearly deaths for 188 countries between 1990, and 2013. We used the results to assess whether there is epidemiological convergence across countries. Methods We estimated age-sex-specifi c all-cause mortality using the GBD 2010 methods with some refinements to improve accuracy applied to an updated database of vital registration, survey, and census data. We generally estimated cause of death as in the GBD 2010. Key improvements included the addition of more recent vital registration data for 72 countries, an updated verbal autopsy literature review, two new and detailed data systems for China, and more detail for Mexico, UK, Turkey, and Russia. We improved statistical models for garbage code redistribution. We used six different modelling strategies across the 240 causes; cause of death ensemble modelling (CODEm) was the dominant strategy for causes with sufficient information. Trends for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias were informed by meta-regression of prevalence studies. For pathogen-specifi c causes of diarrhoea and lower respiratory infections we used a counterfactual approach. We computed two measures of convergence (inequality) across countries: the average relative difference across all pairs of countries (Gini coefficient) and the average absolute difference across countries. To summarise broad findings, we used multiple decrement life-tables to decompose probabilities of death from birth to exact age 15 years, from exact age 15 years to exact age 50 years, and from exact age 50 years to exact age 75 years, and life expectancy at birth into major causes. For all quantities reported, we computed 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We constrained cause-specific fractions within each age-sex-country-year group to sum to all-cause mortality based on draws from the uncertainty distributions. Findings Global life expectancy for both sexes increased from 65.3 years (UI 65.0-65.6) in 1990, to 71.5 years (UI 71.0-71.9) in 2013, while the number of deaths increased from 47.5 million (UI 46.8-48.2) to 54.9 million (UI 53.6-56.3) over the same interval. Global progress masked variation by age and sex: for children, average absolute diff erences between countries decreased but relative diff erences increased. For women aged 25-39 years and older than 75 years and for men aged 20-49 years and 65 years and older, both absolute and relative diff erences increased. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the prominent role of reductions in age-standardised death rates for cardiovascular diseases and cancers in high-income regions, and reductions in child deaths from diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and neonatal causes in low-income regions. HIV/AIDS reduced life expectancy in southern sub-Saharan Africa. For most communicable causes of death both numbers of deaths and age-standardised death rates fell whereas for most non-communicable causes, demographic shifts have increased numbers of deaths but decreased age-standardised death rates. Global deaths from injury increased by 10.7%, from 4.3 million deaths in 1990 to 4.8 million in 2013; but age-standardised rates declined over the same period by 21%. For some causes of more than 100 000 deaths per year in 2013, age-standardised death rates increased between 1990 and 2013, including HIV/AIDS, pancreatic cancer, atrial fibrillation and flutter, drug use disorders, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and sickle-cell anaemias. Diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, neonatal causes, and malaria are still in the top five causes of death in children younger than 5 years. The most important pathogens are rotavirus for diarrhoea and pneumococcus for lower respiratory infections. Country-specific probabilities of death over three phases of life were substantially varied between and within regions. Interpretation For most countries, the general pattern of reductions in age-sex specifi c mortality has been associated with a progressive shift towards a larger share of the remaining deaths caused by non-communicable disease and injuries. Assessing epidemiological convergence across countries depends on whether an absolute or relative measure of inequality is used. Nevertheless, age-standardised death rates for seven substantial causes are increasing, suggesting the potential for reversals in some countries. Important gaps exist in the empirical data for cause of death estimates for some countries; for example, no national data for India are available for the past decade.
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| 4. |
- Xing, Xiuli, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling China's terrestrial ecosystem gross primary productivity with BEPS model : Parameter sensitivity analysis and model calibration
- 2023
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Ingår i: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. - 0168-1923. ; 343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Terrestrial ecosystems are the largest sink for carbon, and their ecosystem gross primary productivity (GPP) regulates variations in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations. Current process-based ecosystem models used for estimating GPP are subject to large uncertainties due to poorly constrained parameter values. In this study, we implemented a global sensitivity analysis (GSA) on parameters in the Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator (BEPS) considering the parameters’ second-order impacts. We also applied the generalized likelihood estimation (GLUE) method, which is flexible for a multi-parameter calibration, to optimize the GPP simulation by BEPS for 10 sites covering 7 plant functional types (PFT) over China. Our optimized results significantly reduced the uncertainty of the simulated GPP over all the sites by 17 % to 82 % and showed that the GPP is sensitive to not only the photosynthesis-related parameters but also the parameters related to the soil water uptake as well as to the energy balance. The optimized GPP across South China showed that the mix forest, shrub, and grass have a higher GPP and are more controlled by the soil water availability. This study showed that the GLUE method together with the GSA scheme could constrain the ecosystem model well when simulating GPP across multiple ecosystems and provide a reasonable estimate of the spatial and temporal distribution of the ecosystem GPP over China. We call for more observations from more sites, as well as data on plant traits, to be collected in China in order to better constrain ecosystem carbon cycle modeling and understand its response to climate change.
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| 5. |
- Yang, Xiaorong, et al.
(författare)
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Global burden for dengue and the evolving pattern in the past 30 years
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Travel Medicine. - : Oxford University Press. - 1195-1982 .- 1708-8305. ; 28:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dengue is the most prevalent and rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease. We present the global, regional and national burden of dengue from 1990 to 2019 based on the findings from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019).Methods: Based upon GBD 2019 dengue data on age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized death rate (ASDR) and age-standardized disability-Adjusted life years (DALYs) rate, this study estimates and presents annual percentage change (EAPC) to quantify trends over time to assess potential correlates of increased dengue activity, such as global travel and warming.Results: Globally from 1990 to 2019, dengue incident cases, deaths and DALYs gradually increased. Those under 5 years of age, once accounting for the largest portion of deaths and DALYs in 1990, were eclipsed by those who were 15-49 years old in 2019. Age standardized incidence [ASIR: EAPC: 3.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.90-3.43], death (ASDR: EAPC: 5.42, 95% CI: 2.64-8.28) and DALY rates (EAPC: 2.31, 95% CI: 2.00-2.62) accelerated most among high-middle and high sociodemographic index (SDI) regions. South-East Asia and South Asia had most of the dengue incident cases, deaths and DALYs, but East Asia had the fastest rise in ASIR (EAPC: 4.57, 95% CI: 4.31, 4.82), while Tropical Latin America led in ASDR (EAPC: 11.32, 95% CI: 9.11, 13.58) and age-standardized DALYs rate (EAPC: 4.13, 95% CI: 2.98, 5.29). SDI showed consistent bell-shaped relationship with ASIR, ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate. Global land-ocean temperature index and air passenger travel metrics were found to be remarkably positively correlated with dengue burden.Conclusions: The burden of dengue has become heavier from 1990 to 2019, amidst the three decades of urbanization, warming climates and increased human mobility in much of the world. South-East Asia and South Asia remain as regions of concern, especially in conjunction with the Americas' swift rise in dengue burden.
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