| 1. |
- Jin, Yingzhi, et al.
(författare)
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Limitations and Perspectives on Triplet-Material-Based Organic Photovoltaic Devices
- 2019
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 31:22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) have attracted broad attention and become a very energetic field after the emergence of nonfullerene acceptors. Long-lifetime triplet excitons are expected to be good candidates for efficiently harvesting a photocurrent. Parallel with the development of OPVs based on singlet materials (S-OPVs), the potential of triplet materials as photoactive layers has been explored. However, so far, OPVs employing triplet materials in a bulk heterojunction have not exhibited better performance than S-OPVs. Here, the recent progress of representative OPVs based on triplet materials (T-OPVs) is briefly summarized. Based on that, the performance limitations of T-OPVs are analyzed. The shortage of desired triplet materials with favorable optoelectronic properties for OPVs, the tradeoff between long lifetime and high binding energy of triplet excitons, as well as the low charge mobility in most triplet materials are crucial issues restraining the efficiencies of T-OPVs. To overcome these limitations, first, novel materials with desired optoelectronic properties are urgently demanded; second, systematic investigation on the contribution and dynamics of triplet excitons in T-OPVs is necessary; third, close multidisciplinary collaboration is required, as proved by the development of S-OPVs.
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| 2. |
- Niu, Jingyi, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of Long-Range Dependence in Hydroclimatic Time Series: A Method-Comparison Study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. - 1558-8424 .- 1558-8432. ; 62:12, s. 1921-1942
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate evaluation of the long-range dependence in hydroclimatic time series is important for understanding its inherent characteristics. However, the reliability of its evaluation may be questioned, since different methods may yield various outcomes. In this study, we evaluate the performances of seven widely used methods for estimating long-range dependence: absolute moment estimation, difference variance estimation, residuals variance estimation, rescaled range estimation, periodogram estimation, wavelet estimation (WLE), and discrete second derivative estimation (DSDE). We examine the influences of six major factors: data length, mean value, three nonstationary components (trend, jump, and periodicity), and one stationary component (short-range dependence). Results from the Monte Carlo experiments show that WLE and DSDE have greater credibility than the other five methods. They also reveal that data length, as well as stationary and nonstationary components, have notable influences on the evaluation of long-range dependence. Following it, we use the WLE and DSDE methods to evaluate the long-range dependence of precipitation during 1961–2015 on the Tibetan Plateau. The results indicate that the precipitation variability mirrors the long-range dependence of the Indian summer monsoon but with obvious spatial difference. This result is consistent with the observations made by previous studies, further confirming the superiority of the WLE and DSDE methods. The outcomes from this study have important implications for modeling and prediction of hydroclimatic time series.
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