| 1. |
- Ding, Jinzhi, et al.
(författare)
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Decadal soil carbon accumulation across Tibetan permafrost regions
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Geoscience. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 10:6, s. 420-424
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Permafrost soils store large amounts of carbon. Warming can result in carbon release from thawing permafrost, but it can also lead to enhanced primary production, which can increase soil carbon stocks. The balance of these fluxes determines the nature of the permafrost feedback to warming. Here we assessed decadal changes in soil organic carbon stocks in the active layer-the uppermost 30 cm-of permafrost soils across Tibetan alpine regions, based on repeated soil carbon measurements in the early 2000s and 2010s at the same sites. We observed an overall accumulation of soil organic carbon irrespective of vegetation type, with a mean rate of 28.0 g Cm-2 yr(-1) across Tibetan permafrost regions. This soil organic carbon accrual occurred only in the subsurface soil, between depths of 10 and 30 cm, mainly induced by an increase of soil organic carbon concentrations. We conclude that the upper active layer of Tibetan alpine permafrost currently represents a substantial regional soil carbon sink in a warming climate, implying that carbon losses of deeper and older permafrost carbon might be offset by increases in upper-active-layer soil organic carbon stocks, which probably results from enhanced vegetation growth.
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| 2. |
- He, Wen, et al.
(författare)
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Metal Ti quantum chain-inlaid 2D NaSn2(PO4)3/H-doped hard carbon hybrid electrodes with ultrahigh energy storage density
- 2021
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the development of a new hybrid electrode that allows for a reinforcing combination of different energy storage mechanisms, providing enhanced energy and power densities. This hybrid electrode is composed of chain-like metal titanium (zero valency state) quantum dots (< 10 nm), two-dimension NaSn2(PO4)(3) layer and H-doped hard carbon layer, and possesses unique sandwich and hierarchically meso-macroporous structures. These chain-like quantum dots are inlaid on the edge of ultra-thin NaSn2(PO4)(3) nanosheets by using a convenient and economic method, enhancing its conductivity. This design takes advantage of the unique properties of each component and nanostructure, resulting in synergistic effects to improve the charge transfer and energy storage. The hybrid electrode not only shows high capacity, outstanding rate performance and long cycling stability, but also matches well with porous Na3V2(PO4)(3) cathode. Remarkably, the Na/Li mixed-ion full battery exhibits significant improvements on the energy and power densities (555 Wh Kg(-1)/804 W Kg(-1) at 1C). Detailed charge storage mechanism investigation reveals that the prelithiation reduces the pseudocapacitive of hybrid electrode and increases its battery behavior, resulting in an ultrahigh energy storage density. Our findings demonstrate that this hybrid electrode is a new potential candidate for high-performance mixed-ion batteries.
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| 3. |
- Ning, Yuping, et al.
(författare)
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Optical simulation and preparation of novel Mo/ZrSiN/ZrSiON/SiO2 solar selective absorbing coating
- 2017
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Ingår i: Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-0248 .- 1879-3398. ; 167, s. 178-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel Mo/ZrSiN/ZrSiON/SiO2 solar selective absorbing coating has been investigated, which was prepared by magnetron sputtering on stainless steel substrate. A high solar absorptance of 0.94 and a low thermal emittance of 0.06 at 25 degrees C were achieved. By proportionally decreasing the thicknesses of the ZrSiN, ZrSiON and SiO2 layers, the thermal emittance at 500 degrees C was decreased significantly from 0.19 to 0.12 (Delta epsilon = 0.07) while keeping the solar absorptance unchanged. The coating also showed high thermal stability at 500 degrees C in vacuum, implying that it is a promising candidate for high temperature concentrated solar power (CSP) applications.
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| 4. |
- Yang, Zhenlin, et al.
(författare)
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Structural basis of ligand binding modes at the neuropeptide Y Y-1 receptor
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 556:7702, s. 520-524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily and have important roles in food intake, anxiety and cancer biology(1,2). The NPY-Y receptor system has emerged as one of the most complex networks with three peptide ligands (NPY, peptide YY and pancreatic polypeptide) binding to four receptors in most mammals, namely the Y-1, Y-2, Y-4 and Y-5 receptors, with different affinity and selectivity(3). NPY is the most powerful stimulant of food intake and this effect is primarily mediated by the Y-1 receptor (Y1R)(4). A number of peptides and small-molecule compounds have been characterized as Y1R antagonists and have shown clinical potential in the treatment of obesity(4), tumour(1) and bone loss(5). However, their clinical usage has been hampered by low potency and selectivity, poor brain penetration ability or lack of oral bioavailability(6). Here we report crystal structures of the human Y1R bound to the two selective antagonists UR-MK299 and BMS-193885 at 2.7 and 3.0 angstrom resolution, respectively. The structures combined with mutagenesis studies reveal the binding modes of Y1R to several structurally diverse antagonists and the determinants of ligand selectivity. The Y1R structure and molecular docking of the endogenous agonist NPY, together with nuclear magnetic resonance, photo-crosslinking and functional studies, provide insights into the binding behaviour of the agonist and for the first time, to our knowledge, determine the interaction of its N terminus with the receptor. These insights into Y1R can enable structure-based drug discovery that targets NPY receptors.
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| 5. |
- Yusup, Shuayib, et al.
(författare)
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The Response of Spore Germination of Sphagnum Mosses to Single and Combined Fire-Related Cues
- 2022
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Ingår i: PLANTS. - : MDPI AG. - 2223-7747. ; 11:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plants in flammable ecosystems have different response strategies to fire, such as increasing germination after exposure to smoke and break of dormancy through heat shock. Peatlands are ecosystems that are more likely to be disturbed by fire with increasing temperatures, but it is not clear how fire affects spore germination of Sphagnum, the dominant plants in peatlands. Here, we hypothesize that Sphagnum spores respond positively to single and combined treatments of moderate heat and smoke (by increased germinability), while spore germinability decreases in response to high temperature. We exposed the Sphagnum spores of four selected species (S. angustifolium, S. fuscum, S. magellanicum and S. squarrosum) collected from peatlands in the Changbai Mountains to heat (40, 60 and 100 degrees C), on its own and combined with smoke-water treatments. Our results showed that a heat of 100 degrees C inhibited the spore germination or even killed spores of all species, while spore germination of three (Sphagnum angustifolium, S. fuscum and S. squarrosum) of the four species was promoted by 40 and 60 degrees C heat compared to the control (20 degrees C). Hollow species (S. angustifolium and S. squarrosum) showed a stronger positive responsive to heat than hummock species (S. fuscum and S. magellanicum). Sphagnum fuscum spores responded positively to the combined heat and smoke treatment while the other species did not. For the first time, we demonstrate the positive effects of heat on its own and in combination with smoke on spore germination in wetland mosses, which may be important for the establishment and persistence of peatmoss populations after fire.
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| 6. |
- Zhao, Beibei, et al.
(författare)
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NaSn2(PO4)(3) submicro-particles for high performance Na/Li mixed-ion battery anodes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 844
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- NaSn2(PO4)(3) has open framework, high ionic conductivity, low working potential, high theoretical capacity more than twice of graphite. However, its commercial application is limited by its low electrical conductivity and rapid capacity fading. To overcome this challenge, we synthesize NaSn2(PO4)(3) submicro-particles (around 100-300 nm in size) by hydrothermally assisted pyrolysis reactions. The synthesized NaSn2(PO4)(3) anode for Na/Li mixed-ion batteries delivers an ultrahigh initial discharge capacities, excellent rate performance and superior cycling stability. This design provides a promising pathway for developing high performance mixed-ion batteries. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Zhao, Ziwen, et al.
(författare)
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Harmonics propagation and interaction evaluation in small-scale wind farms and hydroelectric generating systems
- 2022
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Ingår i: ISA transactions. - : Elsevier BV. - 0019-0578 .- 1879-2022. ; 129, s. 334-344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The harmonics exacerbated by the integration of distributed energy such as wind power has been extensively studied. However, the interaction and propagation mechanism between harmonic sources in the hydro-wind complementary generation system are still not clear. To tackle this challenge, the presented study establishes the hydro-wind complementary generation system model and explores the harmonics propagation and interaction in all components. Then three operation mode of complementary system (scenario 1: stand-alone Hydroelectric Generating System, scenario 2: stand-alone Wind Farm (WF) and scenario 3: complementary generation system) are selected. The results demonstrate that the integration of HGS diminishes the harmonic at DFIG side but at the grid side. In complementary generation system, the THDu rises but the corresponding THDi declines due to the regulation of power grid. Furthermore, the odd harmonics interactions analysis reveal that the doubly-fed induction generator's (DFIG) side and the stator's side are the two high-risk sources in the complementary generation process. The presented results provide a basis for power quality evaluation of hydro-wind complementary generation system.
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| 8. |
- Zhu, Haining, et al.
(författare)
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EMMPRIN regulates cytoskeleton reorganization and cell adhesion in prostate cancer
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Prostate. - : Wiley. - 0270-4137 .- 1097-0045. ; 72:1, s. 72-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Proteins on cell surface play important roles during cancer progression and metastasis via their ability to mediate cell-to-cell interactions and navigate the communication between cells and the microenvironment. METHODS: In this study a targeted proteomic analysis was conducted to identify the differential expression of cell surface proteins in human benign (BPH-1) versus malignant (LNCaP and PC-3) prostate epithelial cells. We identified EMMPRIN (extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer) as a key candidate and shRNA functional approaches were subsequently applied to determine the role of EMMPRIN in prostate cancer cell adhesion, migration, invasion as well as cytoskeleton organization. RESULTS: EMMPRIN was found to be highly expressed on the surface of prostate cancer cells compared to BPH-1 cells, consistent with a correlation between elevated EMMPRIN and metastasis found in other tumors. No significant changes in cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, or apoptosis were detected in EMMPRIN knockdown cells compared to the scramble controls. Furthermore, EMMPRIN silencing markedly decreased the ability of PC-3 cells to form filopodia, a critical feature of invasive behavior, while it increased expression of cell-cell adhesion and gap junction proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that EMMPRIN regulates cell adhesion, invasion, and cytoskeleton reorganization in prostate cancer cells. This study identifies a new function for EMMPRIN as a contributor to prostate cancer cell-cell communication and cytoskeleton changes towards metastatic spread, and suggests its potential value as a marker of prostate cancer progression to metastasis.
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