| 1. |
- Belonoshko, Anatoly B., et al.
(författare)
-
Stabilization of body-centred cubic iron under inner-core conditions
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Nature Geoscience. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1752-0894 .- 1752-0908. ; 10:4, s. 312-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Earth's solid core is mostly composed of iron. However, despite being central to our understanding of core properties, the stable phase of iron under inner-core conditions remains uncertain. The two leading candidates are hexagonal close-packed and body-centred cubic (bcc) crystal structures, but the dynamic and thermodynamic stability of bcc iron under inner-core conditions has been challenged. Here we demonstrate the stability of the bcc phase of iron under conditions consistent with the centre of the core using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the bcc phase is stabilized at high temperatures by a diffusion mechanism that arises due to the dynamical instability of the phase at lower temperatures. On the basis of our simulations, we reinterpret experimental data as support for the stability of bcc iron under inner-core conditions. We suggest that the diffusion of iron atoms in solid state may explain both the anisotropy and the low shear modulus of the inner core.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Cheng, Kai, et al.
(författare)
-
2D lateral heterostructures of group-III monochalcogenide : Potential photovoltaic applications
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 112:14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solar photovoltaics provides a practical and sustainable solution to the increasing global energy demand. Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the energetics and electronic properties of two-dimensional lateral heterostructures by group-III monochalcogenides and explore their potential applications in photovoltaics. The band structures and formation energies from supercell calculations demonstrate that these heterostructures retain semiconducting behavior and might be synthesized in laboratory using the chemical vapor deposition technique. According to the computed band offsets, most of the heterojunctions belong to type II band alignment, which can prevent the recombination of electron-hole pairs. Besides, the electronic properties of these lateral heterostructures can be effectively tailored by the number of layers, leading to a high theoretical power conversion efficiency over 20%.
|
|
| 4. |
- Fresard, Laure, et al.
(författare)
-
Identification of rare-disease genes using blood transcriptome sequencing and large control cohorts
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 1078-8956 .- 1546-170X. ; 25:6, s. 911-919
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is estimated that 350 million individuals worldwide suffer from rare diseases, which are predominantly caused by mutation in a single gene(1). The current molecular diagnostic rate is estimated at 50%, with whole-exome sequencing (WES) among the most successful approaches(2-5). For patients in whom WES is uninformative, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has shown diagnostic utility in specific tissues and diseases(6-8). This includes muscle biopsies from patients with undiagnosed rare muscle disorders(6,9), and cultured fibroblasts from patients with mitochondrial disorders(7). However, for many individuals, biopsies are not performed for clinical care, and tissues are difficult to access. We sought to assess the utility of RNA-seq from blood as a diagnostic tool for rare diseases of different pathophysiologies. We generated whole-blood RNA-seq from 94 individuals with undiagnosed rare diseases spanning 16 diverse disease categories. We developed a robust approach to compare data from these individuals with large sets of RNA-seq data for controls (n = 1,594 unrelated controls and n = 49 family members) and demonstrated the impacts of expression, splicing, gene and variant filtering strategies on disease gene identification. Across our cohort, we observed that RNA-seq yields a 7.5% diagnostic rate, and an additional 16.7% with improved candidate gene resolution.
|
|
| 5. |
- Fu, Jie, et al.
(författare)
-
Ab initio molecular dynamics study of fluid H2O-CO2 mixture in broad pressure-temperature range
- 2017
-
Ingår i: AIP Advances. - : AIP Publishing. - 2158-3226. ; 7:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Properties of H2O and CO2 fluid and their mixtures under extreme pressures and temperatures are poorly known yet critically important in a number of applications. Several hundreds of first-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) runs have been performed to obtain the pressure-volume-temperature (P-V-T) data on supercritical H2O, CO2, and H2O-CO2 mixtures. The pressure-temperature (P-T) range are from 0.5 GPa to 104 GPa (48.5 GPa for CO2) and from 600 K to 4000 K. Based on these data, we evaluate several existing equations of state (EOS) for the fluid H2O, CO2, and H2O-CO2 mixture. The results show that the EOS for H2O from Belonoshko et al. [Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55, 381-387; Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 55, 3191-3208; Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 3611-3626; Comput. Geosci. 18, 1267-1269] not only can be used in the studied P-T range but also is accurate enough to be used for prediction of P-V-T data. In addition, IAPWS-95 EOS for H2O shows excellent extrapolation behavior beyond 1.0 GPa and 1273 K. However, for the case of CO2, none of the existing EOS produces data in agreement with the FPMD results. We created new EOS for CO2. The precision of the new EOS is tested by comparison to the calculated P-V-T data, fugacity coefficient of the CO2 fluid derived from high P-T experimental data as well as to the (very scarce) experimental volumetric data in the high P-T range. On the basis of our FPMD data we created a new EOS for H2O-CO2 mixture. The new EOS for the mixture is in reasonable agreement with experimental data.
|
|
| 6. |
- Fu, Jie, et al.
(författare)
-
Improved Finnis-Sinclair potential for vanadium-rich V-Ti-Cr ternary alloys
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 705, s. 369-375
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed an improved Finnis-Sinclair (IFS) potential for vanadium-rich V-Ti-Cr random alloys with body-centred cubic structure. An extra exponential term is added to the original FS potential to enhance the repulsive interaction. The IFS potential is fitted to experimental crystal structure, cohesive energy and elastic constants of pure metals (V, Ti and Cr) and theoretical data of binary alloys (V15Ti, V15Cr and Ti8Cr8). The good agreement of the predicted formation energies of mono-vacancy and selfinterstitial of octahedral interstitial site, tetrahedral interstitial site, < 111>-dumbbell, < 110>-dumbbell, and < 100>-dumbbell with available experimental and theoretical data confirms the validity of our IFS potential in pure V. Furthermore, the agreement of elastic properties and defect properties of typical alloy (V-4-Ti-4-Cr) with experimental or DFT data also support the applicability of the IFS potential in Vrich ternary V-Ti-Cr alloys. Finally, this work also provides a reference to develop empirical potentials for other ternary alloys.
|
|
| 7. |
- Jiang, Xue, et al.
(författare)
-
A novel superhard BN allotrope under cold compression of h-BN
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 25:12, s. 122204-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using first-principles calculations, we identify a new orthorhombic boron nitride (BN) phase (namely, P-BN; space group: Pmn2(1)), which has similar topological structure to Bct-BN and Z-BN, but without the six-membered ring. This P-BN allotrope is energetically more favorable than previously reported Pnma-BN, Bct-BN and Z-BN phases. With only 0.06 eV/atom less stable than h-BN at ambient pressure, it can be formed from h-BN under cold compression at a low pressure of 4 GPa. The theoretical hardness and bulk modulus of the P-BN crystal are 403 GPa and 60.5 GPa, respectively, comparable to those of c-BN. Moreover, the P-BN phase along with Bct-BN and Z-BN are suggested as possible intermediate phases between h-BN and w-BN, which can be qualitatively explained by two empirical rules of Ostwald and Ostwald-Volmer.
|
|
| 8. |
- Jiang, Xue, et al.
(författare)
-
Graphene oxide as a chemically tunable 2-D material for visible-light photocatalyst applications
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Catalysis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9517 .- 1090-2694. ; 299, s. 204-209
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To elucidate the usage of graphene oxide (GO) as a photocatalysis material, we have studied the effect of epoxy and hydroxyl functionalization on the electronic structure, work function, CBM/VBM position, and optical absorption spectra of GO using density functional theory calculations. By varying the coverage and relative ratio of the surface epoxy (-O-) and hydroxyl (-OH) groups, both band gap and work function of the GO materials can be tuned to meet the requirement of photocatalyst. Interestingly, the electronic structures of GO materials with 40-50% (33-67%) coverage and OH:O ratio of 2:1(1:1) are suitable for both reduction and oxidation reactions for water splitting. Among of these systems, the GO composition with 50% coverage and OH:O (1:1) ratio can be very promising materials for visible-light-driven photocatalyst. Our results not only explain the recent experimental observations about 2-D graphene oxide as promising visible-light-driven photocatalyst materials but can also be very helpful in designing the optimal composition for higher performance.
|
|
| 9. |
- Jiang, Xue, et al.
(författare)
-
The R3-carbon allotrope : a pathway towards glassy carbon under high pressure
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 3, s. 1877-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pressure-induced bond type switching and phase transformation in glassy carbon (GC) has been simulated by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and the Stochastic Quenching method (SQ) in a wide range of pressures (0-79 GPa). Under pressure, the GC experiences a hardening transition from sp-and sp(2)-type to sp(3)-type bonding, in agreement with previous experimental results. Moreover, a new crystalline carbon allotrope possessing R3 symmetry (R3-carbon) is predicted using the stochastic SQ method. The results indicate that R3-carbon can be regarded as an allotrope similar to that of amorphous GC. Avery small difference in the heat of formation and the coherence of the radial and angular distribution functions of GC and the R3-carbon structure imply that small perturbations to this crystalline carbon allotrope may provide another possible amorphization pathway of carbon besides that of quenching the liquid melt or gas by ultra-fast cooling.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
