| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Justice, Anne E., et al.
(författare)
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Protein-coding variants implicate novel genes related to lipid homeostasis contributing to body-fat distribution
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 51:3, s. 452-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body-fat distribution is a risk factor for adverse cardiovascular health consequences. We analyzed the association of body-fat distribution, assessed by waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index, with 228,985 predicted coding and splice site variants available on exome arrays in up to 344,369 individuals from five major ancestries (discovery) and 132,177 European-ancestry individuals (validation). We identified 15 common (minor allele frequency, MAF >= 5%) and nine low-frequency or rare (MAF < 5%) coding novel variants. Pathway/gene set enrichment analyses identified lipid particle, adiponectin, abnormal white adipose tissue physiology and bone development and morphology as important contributors to fat distribution, while cross-trait associations highlight cardiometabolic traits. In functional follow-up analyses, specifically in Drosophila RNAi-knockdowns, we observed a significant increase in the total body triglyceride levels for two genes (DNAH10 and PLXND1). We implicate novel genes in fat distribution, stressing the importance of interrogating low-frequency and protein-coding variants.
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| 3. |
- Marouli, Eirini, et al.
(författare)
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Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 542:7640, s. 186-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Height is a highly heritable, classic polygenic trait with approximately 700 common associated variants identified through genome-wide association studies so far. Here, we report 83 height-associated coding variants with lower minor-allele frequencies (in the range of 0.1-4.8%) and effects of up to 2 centimetres per allele (such as those in IHH, STC2, AR and CRISPLD2), greater than ten times the average effect of common variants. In functional follow-up studies, rare height increasing alleles of STC2 (giving an increase of 1-2 centimetres per allele) compromised proteolytic inhibition of PAPP-A and increased cleavage of IGFBP-4 in vitro, resulting in higher bioavailability of insulin-like growth factors. These 83 height-associated variants overlap genes that are mutated in monogenic growth disorders and highlight new biological candidates (such as ADAMTS3, IL11RA and NOX4) and pathways (such as proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycan synthesis) involved in growth. Our results demonstrate that sufficiently large sample sizes can uncover rare and low-frequency variants of moderate-to-large effect associated with polygenic human phenotypes, and that these variants implicate relevant genes and pathways.
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| 4. |
- Turcot, Valerie, et al.
(författare)
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Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 50:1, s. 26-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified >250 loci for body mass index (BMI), implicating pathways related to neuronal biology. Most GWAS loci represent clusters of common, noncoding variants from which pinpointing causal genes remains challenging. Here we combined data from 718,734 individuals to discover rare and low-frequency (minor allele frequency (MAF) < 5%) coding variants associated with BMI. We identified 14 coding variants in 13 genes, of which 8 variants were in genes (ZBTB7B, ACHE, RAPGEF3, RAB21, ZFHX3, ENTPD6, ZFR2 and ZNF169) newly implicated in human obesity, 2 variants were in genes (MC4R and KSR2) previously observed to be mutated in extreme obesity and 2 variants were in GIPR. The effect sizes of rare variants are similar to 10 times larger than those of common variants, with the largest effect observed in carriers of an MC4R mutation introducing a stop codon (p.Tyr35Ter, MAF = 0.01%), who weighed similar to 7 kg more than non-carriers. Pathway analyses based on the variants associated with BMI confirm enrichment of neuronal genes and provide new evidence for adipocyte and energy expenditure biology, widening the potential of genetically supported therapeutic targets in obesity.
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| 5. |
- Zhang, Cheng, et al.
(författare)
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Antithetic Sampling for Monte Carlo Differentiable Rendering
- 2021
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Ingår i: ACM Transactions on Graphics. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 0730-0301 .- 1557-7368. ; 40:4, s. 1-1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stochastic sampling of light transport paths is key to Monte Carlo forward rendering, and previous studies have led to mature techniques capable of drawing high-contribution light paths in complex scenes. These sampling techniques have also been applied to differentiable rendering.In this paper, we demonstrate that path sampling techniques developed for forward rendering can become inefficient for differentiable rendering of glossy materials---especially when estimating derivatives with respect to global scene geometries. To address this problem, we introduce antithetic sampling of BSDFs and light-transport paths, allowing significantly faster convergence and can be easily integrated into existing differentiable rendering pipelines. We validate our method by comparing our derivative estimates to those generated with existing unbiased techniques. Further, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique by providing equal-quality and equal-time comparisons with existing sampling methods.
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| 6. |
- Ding, Haoming, et al.
(författare)
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Progress in Structural Tailoring and Properties of Ternary Layered Ceramics
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Inorganic Materials. - : SCIENCE PRESS. - 1000-324X. ; 38:8, s. 845-884
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- MAX/MAB phases are a series of non-van der Waals ternary layered ceramic materials with a hexagonal structure, rich in elemental composition and crystal structure, and embody physical properties of both ceramics and metals. They exhibit great potential for applications in extreme environments such as high temperature, strong corrosion, and irradiation. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials derived from the MAX/MAB phase (MXene and MBene) have attracted enormous interest in the fields of materials physics and materials chemistry and become a new 2D van der Waals material after graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides. Therefore, structural modulation of MAX/MAB phase materials is essential for understanding the intrinsic properties of this broad class of layered ceramics and for investigating the functional properties of their derived structures. In this paper, we summarize new developments in MAX/MAB phases in recent years in terms of structural modulation, theoretical calculation, and fundamental application research and provide an outlook on the key challenges and prospects for the future development of these layered materials.
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| 7. |
- Haghbin, Saeid, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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An Integrated 20-kW Motor Drive and Isolated Battery Charger for Plug-In Vehicles
- 2013
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on power electronics. - 0885-8993 .- 1941-0107. ; 28:8, s. 4013-4029
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For vehicles using grid power to charge the battery, traction circuit components are not normally engaged during the charging time, so there is a possibility to use them in the charger circuit to have an on-board integrated motor drive and battery charger. An isolated high-power three-phase integrated motor drive and charger based on a split-phase permanent magnet motor is presented in this paper. The motor winding connections are reversible by a relay-based switching device for traction and battery charging. In traction mode, the motor is a classical three-phase motor, but in charging mode it is a rotating isolating transformer providing a three-phase voltage source for the inverter to charge the battery. A mathematical model of the motor with six stator windings is presented for an arbitrary phase shift in windings. For the charging mode, the split-phase motor grid synchronization process and charge control are explained including the developed controller. A 20-kW system is designed and implemented to verify the proper operation of the proposed system. Simulation and practical results are provided to show the system performance in terms of functionality, dynamic response, and efficiency. Moreover, some discussions, recommendations, and limitations are provided to give more practical insights.
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| 8. |
- Jiang, Shuang, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructural and textural evolutions in multilayered Ti/Cu composites processed by accumulative roll bonding
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science & Technology. - : JOURNAL MATER SCI TECHNOL. - 1005-0302. ; 35:6, s. 1165-1174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ti/Cu multilayered composites were fabricated via accumulative roll bonding (ARB). During co-deformation of the constituent metals, the hard Ti layers necked preferentially and then fragmented with the development of shear bands. Transmission electron microscopy showed that with increasing ARB cycles, grains in Ti were significantly refined even though dynamic recrystallization has occurred. For Cu the significant grain refinement was only found within the shear banded region when the composite was processed after five ARB cycles. Due to the diffusion of Cu atoms into Ti at the heterophase inter faces, amorphization with a width less than 10 nm was identified even in the composite processed by one cycle. At higher ARB cycles, the width of amorphous region increased and intermetallic compounds CuTi appeared from the region. The lattice defects introduced at the heterophase interfaces under roll bonding was responsible for the formation of the nano-scaled compounds. X-ray diffraction showed that an abnormal {11 (2) over bar0} fiber texture was developed in Ti layers, while significant brass-type textures were developed in Cu layers. Some orientations along the {11 (2) over bar0} fiber favored the prismatic amp;lt;aamp;gt; slip for Ti. Tensile tests revealed the elevated strength without a substantial sacrifice of ductility in the composites during ARB. The unique mechanical properties were attributed to the significantly refined grains in individual metals, the good bonding between the constituent metals, as well as the development of an abnormal {11 (2) over bar0} fiber texture in Ti layers. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science amp; Technology.
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| 9. |
- Jiang, Shuang, et al.
(författare)
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Shear banding-induced ⟨c + a⟩ slip enables unprecedented strength-ductility combination of laminated metallic composites
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Science & Technology. - Shenyang, China : Elsevier. - 1005-0302. ; 110, s. 260-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shear bands in metallic materials have been reported to be catastrophic because they normally lead to non-uniform plastic deformation. Ductility of laminated metallic composites deteriorates with increasing processing strain, particularly for those having hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) constituents due to inadequate slip systems and consequently prominent shear banding. Here, we propose a design strategy that counterintuitively tolerates the bands with localized strains, i.e. the shear banded laminar (SBL) structure, which promotes ⟨c + a⟩ dislocation activation in hcp metals and renders unprecedented strengthductility combination in hcp-metal-based composites fabricated by accumulative roll bonding (ARB). The SBL structure is characterized with one soft hcp metal constrained by adjacent hard metal in which dislocations have been accumulated near the bimetal interfaces. High-energy X-ray diffraction astonishingly reveals that more than 90% of dislocations are non-basal in Ti layers of the SBL Ti/Nb composite processed by eight ARB cycles. Moreover, ⟨c + a⟩ dislocations occupy a high fraction of ∼30%, promoting further ⟨c + a⟩ cross slip. The unique stress field tailored by both shear banding and heterophase interface-mediated deformation accommodation triggers important ⟨c + a⟩ slip. This SBL design is of significance for developing hcp-based laminates and other heterostructured materials with high performances.
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| 10. |
- Li, Helong, et al.
(författare)
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Parallel Connection of Silicon Carbide MOSFETs - Challenges, Mechanism, and Solutions
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on power electronics. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0885-8993 .- 1941-0107. ; 38:8, s. 9731-9749
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Power semiconductor devices are often connected in parallel to increase the current rating of the power conversion systems. However, due to mismatched circuit parameters or semiconductor fabrication discrepancies, the current of paralleled power semiconductor devices can be unbalanced, which potentially leads to accelerated aging and long-term reliability issues. The fast-switching speed of silicon carbide (SiC) devices aggravates this problem due to its higher sensitivity to parasitic parameters. Numerous efforts have been dedicated to analyzing and addressing the current imbalance issue of paralleling SiC devices. This article comprehensively summarizes and presents state-of-the-art research regarding the current imbalance in paralleled SiC devices. Degree of imbalance is proposed to comprehensively quantify the current mismatch. Starting with mechanism analysis, different types of current imbalance are categorized. Various device parameters and the package layout that impact the current distribution are investigated. The existing solutions including passive methods and active methods are concluded and categorized. This work also incorporates insight into the future development needs of high-power multichip SiC module packaging and driving technologies.
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