| 1. |
- Ashar, Foram N., et al.
(författare)
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A comprehensive evaluation of the genetic architecture of sudden cardiac arrest
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0195-668X .- 1522-9645. ; 39:44, s. 3961-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) accounts for 10% of adult mortality in Western populations. We aim to identify potential loci associated with SCA and to identify risk factors causally associated with SCA.Methods and results: We carried out a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) for SCA (n = 3939 cases, 25 989 non-cases) to examine common variation genome-wide and in candidate arrhythmia genes. We also exploited Mendelian randomization (MR) methods using cross-trait multi-variant genetic risk score associations (GRSA) to assess causal relationships of 18 risk factors with SCA. No variants were associated with SCA at genome-wide significance, nor were common variants in candidate arrhythmia genes associated with SCA at nominal significance. Using cross-trait GRSA, we established genetic correlation between SCA and (i) coronary artery disease (CAD) and traditional CAD risk factors (blood pressure, lipids, and diabetes), (ii) height and BMI, and (iii) electrical instability traits (QT and atrial fibrillation), suggesting aetiologic roles for these traits in SCA risk.Conclusions: Our findings show that a comprehensive approach to the genetic architecture of SCA can shed light on the determinants of a complex life-threatening condition with multiple influencing factors in the general population. The results of this genetic analysis, both positive and negative findings, have implications for evaluating the genetic architecture of patients with a family history of SCA, and for efforts to prevent SCA in high-risk populations and the general community.
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| 2. |
- Fu, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Improved Finnis-Sinclair potential for vanadium-rich V-Ti-Cr ternary alloys
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 705, s. 369-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have developed an improved Finnis-Sinclair (IFS) potential for vanadium-rich V-Ti-Cr random alloys with body-centred cubic structure. An extra exponential term is added to the original FS potential to enhance the repulsive interaction. The IFS potential is fitted to experimental crystal structure, cohesive energy and elastic constants of pure metals (V, Ti and Cr) and theoretical data of binary alloys (V15Ti, V15Cr and Ti8Cr8). The good agreement of the predicted formation energies of mono-vacancy and selfinterstitial of octahedral interstitial site, tetrahedral interstitial site, < 111>-dumbbell, < 110>-dumbbell, and < 100>-dumbbell with available experimental and theoretical data confirms the validity of our IFS potential in pure V. Furthermore, the agreement of elastic properties and defect properties of typical alloy (V-4-Ti-4-Cr) with experimental or DFT data also support the applicability of the IFS potential in Vrich ternary V-Ti-Cr alloys. Finally, this work also provides a reference to develop empirical potentials for other ternary alloys.
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| 3. |
- Huang, He, et al.
(författare)
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Material informatics for uranium-bearing equiatomic disordered solid solution alloys
- 2021
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Ingår i: Materials Today Communications. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-4928. ; 29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Near-equiatomic, multi-component alloys with disordered solid solution phase (DSSP) are associated with outstanding performance in phase stability, mechanical properties and irradiation resistance, and may provide a feasible solution for developing novel uranium-based alloys with better fuel capacity. In this work, we build a machine learning (ML) model of disordered solid solution alloys (DSSAs) based on about 6000 known multicomponent alloys and several materials descriptors to efficiently predict the DSSAs formation ability. To fully optimize the ML model, we develop a multi-algorithm cross-verification approach in combination with the SHapley Additive exPlanations value (SHAP value). We find that the Delta S-C, Lambda, Phi(s), gamma and 1/Omega, corresponding to the former two Hume - Rothery (H - R) rules, are the most important materials descriptors affecting DSSAs formation ability. When the ML model is applied to the 375 uranium-bearing DSSAs, 190 of them are predicted to be the DSSAs never known before. 20 of these alloys were randomly synthesized and characterized. Our predictions are in-line with experiments with 3 inconsistent cases, suggesting that our strategy offers a fast and accurate way to predict novel multi-component alloys with high DSSAs formation ability. These findings shed considerable light on the mapping between the material descriptors and DSSAs formation ability.
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| 4. |
- Jiang, Xiaoqing, et al.
(författare)
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A solution-processable copper(II) phthalocyanine derivative as a dopant-free hole-transporting material for efficient and stable carbon counter electrode-based perovskite solar cells
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 5:34, s. 17862-17866
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A solution-processable copper(II) phthalocyanine derivative coded as CuPc-TIPS has been synthesized and adopted as a hole-transporting material (HTM) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), in combination with a mixed-ion perovskite absorber and a low-cost carbon cathode. Optimised PSC devices based on pristine CuPc-TIPS without any additives or dopants show a decent power conversion efficiency of 14.0% (measured at 100 mW cm(-2) illumination, AM 1.5G), together with a good long-termstability under ambient conditions. The present finding highlights the potential of solution-processed copper phthalocyanine derivative-based HTMs for the development of efficient and stable PSCs in the future.
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| 5. |
- Li, R., et al.
(författare)
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First-principles study of the behavior of O, N and C impurities in vanadium solids
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3115 .- 1873-4820. ; 435:1-3, s. 71-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vanadium alloys are promising candidate for the structural materials of first-wall in future fusion reactor. In realistic vanadium alloys, there always exist some impurities (e.g. oxygen, nitrogen and carbon). To understand the microscopic behavior of these impurities, we investigated energetic and diffusion of O, N and C impurities as well as O-O/N-N/C-C interactions in pure vanadium using first-principles calculations. The O, N and C atoms prefer to occupy an octahedral interstitial site, and exhibit high diffusion barrier with 1.23 eV, 1.48 eV and 1.14 eV via diffusing between two neighboring octahedral interstitial sites, respectively. Such high barriers indicate that these impurities are hard to diffuse inside bulk vanadium. The corresponding diffusion coefficients as function of temperature were estimated using the Arrhenius diffusion equation. Our theoretical results provide the fundamental parameters for understanding the impurity effects in early stage of irradiation damage.
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| 6. |
- Li, Xiaojie, et al.
(författare)
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Ab initio calculations of mechanical properties of bcc W-Re-Os random alloys : effects of transmutation of W
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 28:29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the effect of neutron transmutation on tungsten as the first wall material of fusion reactors, the elastic properties of W1-x-yRexOsy (0 <= x, y <= 6%) random alloys in body centered cubic (bcc) structure are investigated systematically using the all-electron exact muffin-tin orbitals (EMTO) method in combination with the coherent-potential approximation (CPA). The calculated lattice constant and elastic properties of pure W are consistent with available experiments. Both Os and Re additions reduce the lattice constant and increase the bulk modulus of W, with Os having the stronger effect. The polycrystalline shear modulus, Young's modulus and the Debye temperature increase (decrease) with the addition of Re (Os). Except for C-11, the other elastic parameters including C-12, C-44, Cauchy pressure, Poisson ratio, B/G, increase as a function of Re and Os concentration. The variations of the latter three parameters and the trend in the ratio of cleavage energy to shear modulus for the most dominant slip system indicate that the ductility of the alloy enhances with increasing Re and Os content. The calculated elastic anisotropy of bcc W slightly increases with the concentration of both alloying elements. The estimated melting temperatures of the W-Re-Os alloy suggest that Re or Os addition will reduce the melting temperature of pure W solid. The classical Labusch-Nabarro model for solid-solution hardening predicts larger strengthening effects in W1-yOsy than in W1-xRex. A strong correlation between C' and the fcc-bcc structural energy difference for W1-x-yRexOsy is revealed demonstrating that canonical band structure dictates the alloying effect on C'. The structural energy difference is exploited to estimate the alloying effect on the ideal tensile strength in the [0 0 1] direction.
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| 7. |
- Li, Xiaoqing, et al.
(författare)
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Ab initio-predicted micro-mechanical performance of refractory high-entropy alloys
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently developed high-entropy alloys (HEAs) consisting of multiple principal elements represent a new field of metallurgy and have demonstrated appealing properties for a wide range of applications. Using ab initio alloy theory, we reveal the alloying effect on the elastic properties and the ideal tensile strength (ITS) in the [001] direction of four body-centered cubic (bcc) refractory HEAs based on Zr, V, Ti, Nb, and Hf. We find that these HEAs show high elastic anisotropy and large positive Cauchy pressure, suggesting good extrinsic ductility. Starting from ZrNbHf, it is found that the ITS decreases with equimolar Ti addition. On the other hand, if both Ti and V are added to ZrNbHf, the ITS is enhanced by about 42%. An even more captivating effect is the ITS increase by about 170%, if Ti and V are substituted for Hf. The alloying effect on the ITS is explained by the d-band filling. An intrinsic brittle-to-ductile transition is found in terms of the failure mode under uniaxial tension. These investigations suggest that intrinsically ductile HEAs with high ideal strength can be achieved by controlling the proportion of group four elements to group five elements.
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| 8. |
- Li, Xiaoqing, et al.
(författare)
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Alloying effect on the ideal tensile strength of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic bcc iron
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 676, s. 565-574
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using ab initio alloy theory formulated within the exact muffin-tin orbitals theory in combination with the coherent potential approximation, we investigate the ideal tensile strength (ITS) in the [001] direction of bcc ferro-/ferrimagnetic (FFM) and paramagnetic (PM) Fe1-xMx (M = Al, V, Cr, Mn, Co, or Ni) random alloys. The ITS of ferromagnetic (FM) Fe is calculated to be 12.6 GPa, in agreement with available data, while the PM phase turns out to posses a significantly lower value of 0.7 GPa. Alloyed to the FM matrix, we predict that V, Cr, and Co increase the ITS of Fe, while Al and Ni decrease it. Manganese yields a weak non-monotonic alloying behavior. In comparison to FM Fe, the alloying effect of Al and Co to PM Fe is reversed and the relative magnitude of the ITS can be altered more strongly for any of the solutes. All considered binaries are intrinsically brittle and fail by cleavage of the (001) planes under uniaxial tensile loading in both magnetic phases. We show that the previously established ITS model based on structural energy differences proves successful in the PM Fe-alloys but is of limited use in the case of the FFM Fe-based alloys. The different performance is attributed to the specific interplay between magnetism and volume change in response to uniaxial tension. We establish a strong correlation between the compositional effect on the ITS and the one on the shear elastic constant C' for the PM Fe-alloys and briefly discuss the relation between hardenability and the ITS.
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| 9. |
- Li, Xiaoqing, et al.
(författare)
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Anomalous ideal tensile strength of ferromagnetic Fe and Fe-rich alloys
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review B. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 1098-0121 .- 1550-235X. ; 90:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the same failure mode, iron has the lowest ideal tensile strength among the transition metals crystallizing in the body-centered cubic structure. Here, we demonstrate that this anomalously low strength of Fe originates partly from magnetism and is reflected in unexpected alloying effects in dilute Fe(M) (M = Al, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni) binaries. We employ the structural energy difference and the magnetic pressure to disentangle the magnetic effect on the ideal tensile strength from the chemical effect. We find that the investigated solutes strongly alter the magnetic response of the Fe host from the weak towards a stronger ferromagnetic behavior, which is explained based on single-particle band energies.
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| 10. |
- Li, Xiaoqing, et al.
(författare)
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Antihyperuricemic Effect of Green Alga Ulva lactuca Ulvan through Regulating Urate Transporters
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 69:38, s. 11225-11235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel polysaccharide from Ulva lactuca (ULP) was purified using a Sepharose CL-4B column. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were employed to analyze the structure of ULP. It consisted of rhamnose (Rha), glucuronic acid (GluA), galactose (Gal), and xylose (Xyl) at a molar ratio of 32.75:22.83:1.07:6.46 with the molecular weight of 2.24 x 10(5) Da. The four major glycosidic residues found in ULP were -> 2,3)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1 ->, -> 4)-beta-D-GlcpA-(1 ->, -> 2,6)-beta-D-Galp-(1 ->, and -> 4)-beta-D-Xylp-(1 ->. The antihyperuricemic activity of ULP was exhibited by detecting related biochemical indexes, urate transporter gene expressions, renal histopathology, and intestinal microbiota shifts. ULP obviously decreased the levels of serum uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine, while inhibited serum and hepatic xanthine oxidase activities as well as improved renal injury in hyperuricemic mice. Furthermore, the upregulation of UA excretion genes ABCG2/OAT1 and downregulation of UA resorption genes URAT1 and GLUT9 were detected. In addition, ULP exerted its antihyperuricemic effect through regulating the intestinal microbiome, characterized by elevating the helpful microbial abundance, meanwhile declining the harmful bacterial abundance and restoring the gut microbiome homeostasis. This study demonstrates the antihyperuricemic activity of ULP and its potential effect for the treatment of hyperuricemia-related diseases.
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