| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Deming, Timothy J., et al.
(författare)
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Polymers at the Interface with Biology
- 2018
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Ingår i: Biomacromolecules. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1525-7797 .- 1526-4602. ; 19:8, s. 3151-3162
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Luo, Yifei, et al.
(författare)
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Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society. - 1936-0851 .- 1936-086X. ; 17:6, s. 5211-5295
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and to improve quality of life in the era of digitalization and big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible sensors are developed to overcome the limitations of conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement in bench-side research over the last decade, the market adoption of flexible sensors remains limited. To ease and to expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering the maturation of flexible sensors and propose promising solutions. We first analyze challenges in achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications and then summarize issues in compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions on powering and connecting sensor networks. Issues en route to commercialization and for sustainable growth of the sector are also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns and emphasizing nontechnical issues such as business, regulatory, and ethical considerations. Additionally, we look at future intelligent flexible sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, we hope to steer research efforts towards common goals and to guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through such collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner and capitalized for the betterment of humanity.
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| 5. |
- Wu, Pan, et al.
(författare)
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A Low-Rank Bayesian Temporal Matrix Factorization for the Transfer Time Prediction Between Metro and Bus Systems
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. - 1524-9050 .- 1558-0016. ; 25:7, s. 7206-7222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accurate transfer time prediction and future transfer time information are important for both public transport operators and passengers. However, existing studies cannot effectively manage high-dimensional transfer time data, capture the complex nonlinearity of transfer time, or provide accurate transfer time information. This study provides a reliable prediction model called low-rank Bayesian temporal matrix factorization (LBTMF) to address these challenges. First, on the basis of a high-dimensional spatiotemporal matrix of transfer time data, we develop a low-rank temporal-regularized matrix factorization-based imputation module to capture spatial and temporal characteristics to replace missing transfer time data. Second, to further predict the transfer time with the imputation of missing data, we propose the spatiotemporal-based Bayesian temporal matrix factorization prediction module to recover hourly and daily regular characteristics to predict the transfer time at different metro stations during various periods. Finally, the comprehensive experimental findings suggest that the LBTMF model outperforms other excellent approaches in terms of imputation efficiency, prediction accuracy, and robustness.
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| 6. |
- Xue, Yanzhuo, et al.
(författare)
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A combined experimental and numerical approach to predict ship resistance and power demand in broken ice
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ocean Engineering. - 0029-8018. ; 292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite its remoteness and hostile environmental conditions, the Arctic holds significant shipping lanes, such as the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and the Northwest Passage (NWP). Typically, merchant ships operate along these routes in summer only, when the dominating type of ice is broken ice. A challenge of operating in such ice conditions is that there is no cost- and time-efficient method for predicting the resulting ice resistance, which makes route planning difficult, among others. To address this challenge, we present and analyze two complementary approaches to predict ship resistance in broken ice, of which one is experimental and the other numerical. The experimental approach makes use of a type of non-refrigerated synthetic model ice made of polypropylene, which makes it possible to test how a ship behaves in broken ice using a conventional non-refrigerated towing tank rather than an ice tank. The numerical approach, in turn, is based on the CFD-DEM method and can be used to consider fluid effects, such as the changes in fluid velocity and ship waves, while the ship is moving ahead. Validation calculations against established empirical approaches indicate that both approaches are reasonably accurate.
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| 7. |
- Zhong, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Direct measurements and CFD simulations on ice-induced hull pressure of a ship in floe ice fields
- 2023
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Ingår i: Ocean Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0029-8018. ; 272
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Floe ice fields are expected to replace level ice to be the most common environment for future polar sea transportation under the long-term trend of global warming. In this study, the authors aim to develop a viable analysis procedure to predict the ice-induced hull pressure characteristics for ships navigating in floe ice fields. A novel ice model test procedure is established, which is characterized by making use of non-refrigerated synthetic model ice and tactile pressure sensors to measure the hull pressure. The numerical tool is based on a state-of-the-art CFD-DEM numerical framework; a novel method to monitor the hull pressure during the interaction between the hull and ice floes during the CFD-DEM simulations. Statistical analysis indicates the probability distributions of the ice pressure from the experiment and the numerical results are comparable. Besides, the impacts of ship speed and ice floe concentration on the hull pressure distribution are also examined. Increasing speed and ice concentration will make the probability distribution of ice pressure shift towards the high-pressure going interval, resulting in an increased mean of ice pressure. It is also found that increased speed leads to a smaller variance, while increased ice concentration results in a larger variance.
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| 8. |
- Zhong, Kai, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical study on the movement pattern of ice around the ship in the broken ice field
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions, POAC. - 0376-6756 .- 2077-7841. ; 2023-June
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Broken ice field is among the common type of ice conditions when ships operate in Arctic navigation, where ships face a significant increase in resistance and local structural safety threats due to the interaction between the ship's hull, water, and broken ice. The hull needs to remove a large amount of broken ice from its path and disturb the surrounding broken ice, and the extent to which can reflect the intensity of the ship-water-ice interaction. In this study, a coupled CFD-DEM approach to simulate ship-water-ice interaction-related phenomena. In the calculation process, rigid particles are considered as non-rebreakable broken ice, while the effect of ship wave variations on the movement of broken ice is taken into account. The "ice boundary layer" (IBL) is found in the numerical results, and distribution of the thickness of "IBL" along the ship's bow is derived and in good agreement with the formula proposed by Aboulazm (1989). After that, the relationship between ship speed on the movement of ice is also studied.
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