| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- La Fleur, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Targeting MARCO and IL-37R on immunosuppressive macrophages in lung cancer blocks regulatory T cells and supports cytotoxic lymphocyte function
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - : American Association For Cancer Research (AACR). - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 81:4, s. 956-967
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The progression and metastatic capacity of solid tumors are strongly influenced by immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accumulation of anti-inflammatory tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is associated with worse clinical outcome and resistance to therapy. Here we investigated the immune landscape of NSCLC in the presence of pro-tumoral TAMs expressing the macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO). MARCO-expressing TAM numbers correlated with increased occurrence of regulatory T cells and effector T cells and decreased Natural Killer (NK) cells in these tumors. Furthermore, transcriptomic data from the tumors uncovered a correlation between MARCO expression and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-37. In vitro studies subsequently showed that lung cancer cells polarized macrophages to express MARCO and gain an immune-suppressive phenotype through the release of IL-37. MARCO-expressing TAMs blocked cytotoxic T cell and NK cell activation, inhibiting their proliferation, cytokine production, and tumor killing capacity. Mechanistically, MARCO+ macrophages enhanced regulatory T (Treg) cell proliferation and IL-10 production and diminished CD8 T cell activities. Targeting MARCO or IL-37 receptor (IL-37R) by antibody or CRISPR knockout of IL-37 in lung cancer cell lines repolarized TAMs, resulting in recovered cytolytic activity and anti-tumoral capacity of NK cells and T cells and down-modulated Treg cell activities. In summary, our data demonstrate a novel immune therapeutic approach targeting human TAMs immune suppression of NK and T cell anti-tumor activities.
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| 3. |
- Lu, Xiuzhen, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Ag Joints Sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Electronic Materials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1543-186X .- 0361-5235. ; 51:11, s. 6310-6319
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nano-silver paste has been considered to be one of the most promising materials for interconnects of semiconductor devices operating at high temperature. However, its application is limited by conventional sintering methods due to the long dwell time. In this paper, a spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique with a very short sintering time of no more than 5 min was explored for the sintering of nano-silver paste. The effects of sintering conditions including pretreatment time, sintering temperature, dwell time and applied pressure on shear strength and thermal conductivity of the sintered Ag joints were investigated. The shear strength of sintered Ag joints increased as the sintering temperature and applied pressure increased. Robust sintered Ag joints with an average shear strength of 40.18 MPa were obtained by sintering at 300 degrees C for 5 min under a pressure of 3 MPa. The thermal properties were improved by pretreating the nano-silver paste for a shorter time. Thermal conductivity of 41.50 W m(-1) K-1 is obtained for samples pretreated for 25 min and sintered at 250 degrees C for 5 min.
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| 4. |
- Lv, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Highly thermally conductive substrate based on graphene film
- 2021
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Ingår i: 2021 23rd European Microelectronics and Packaging Conference and Exhibition, EMPC 2021. ; , s. 195-199
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heat dissipation has become one of the critical challenges of development for microelectronic products because of the increasing of heat accumulation in the devices. A novel laminated composite with high thermal conductivity was fabricated by hot-pressing using graphene films (GFs) and glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin (GFEP). The effect of GFs with different thicknesses and number of layers on the thermal properties of the composites was investigated. An in-plane thermal conductivity of 141 W · m-1 · K-1 for the laminated composites with GFs and GFEP were obtained. The heat dissipation capability of GFs/GFEP composites is evaluated by infrared thermal imaging technology. The maximum temperature difference between the heating elements on GFs/GFEP composites and GFEP increases with the rise of voltage applied to the heating elements. Moreover, the heat dissipation capability of the composite is enhanced with the increased of the number of layers of GFs. The temperature of the heating element assembled on GFs/GFEP composites is 144.3°C lower than that on GFEP at the same voltage. The results indicate that the GFs/GFEP composites is a promising candidate of substrate material with high heat dissipation capability.
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| 5. |
- Lv, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Reduction of thermal resistance of Ag-coated GFs/copper structure using nano-Ag paste as interconnection
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics: Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 2174:1
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduction of the thermal resistance between graphene films (GFs) and substrate is crucial to the application of GFs in thermal management. GFs/copper structures were prepared using nano-Ag paste as interconnection material. The effect of the thickness of nano-Ag paste on thermal resistance of GFs/copper structure was investigated. A thin layer of Ag was coated on GFs by physical vapor deposition (PVD) to further reduce thermal resistance. The thermal resistance of GFs/copper structure using Ag-coated GFs is 5.84% lower than that using raw GFs. The thermal resistance of GFs/copper structure decreases first and then increases with the increase of coating temperature and thickness of Ag layer. The minimum thermal resistance of 1.64 mm2·K·W-1 was gained for GFs/copper structure using GFs coated Ag at 300 ℃ for 60 min.
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| 6. |
- Zhou, Chenfei, et al.
(författare)
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A novel nano-Ag paste with Ag-rGO and its application in GF/Cu laminated structure
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 23rd International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology, ICEPT 2022.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The high contact thermal resistance of the interface between graphene films (GF) and substrates has become one of the key obstacles for the application of GF in electronic devices. A novel nano-Ag paste with nano-Ag particles modified reduced graphene oxide (Ag-rGO) was introduced to enhance the heat transport via the interface of GF and substrate. The influence of the content of Ag-rGO on shear strength and electrical resistivity of sintered Ag structure was investigated. The maximum shear strength and the minimum electrical resistivity were got for sintered Ag structure with 0.5 wt.% Ag-rGO. Reduced contact thermal resistance of GF and Cu substrate (GF/Cu) laminated structure was gained by using sintered Ag structure with Ag-rGO as interconnect materials. The minimum value of the thermal resistance of 2.02 ± 0.26 mm2·K/W was obtained for GF/Cu laminated structure connected by sintered Ag structure with 1 wt.% Ag-rGO.
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