| 1. |
- Birney, Ewan, et al.
(författare)
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Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project
- 2007
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 447:7146, s. 799-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.
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| 2. |
- Du, Xiaoyu, et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication and characterization of sodium alginate-silicon nitride-PVA composite biomaterials with damping properties
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of The Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. - : Elsevier. - 1751-6161 .- 1878-0180. ; 155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silicon nitride is utilized clinically as a bioceramic for spinal fusion cages, owing to its high strength, osteoconductivity, and antibacterial effects. Nevertheless, silicon nitride exhibits suboptimal damping properties, a critical factor in mitigating traumatic bone injuries and fractures. In fact, there is a scarcity of spinal implants that simultaneously demonstrate proficient damping performance and support osteogenesis. In our study, we fabricated a novel sodium alginate-silicon nitride/poly(vinyl alcohol) (SA-SiN/PVA) composite scaffold, enabling enhanced energy absorption and rapid elastic recovery under quasi-static and impact loading scenarios. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that the incorporation of physical and chemical cross-linking significantly improved stiffness and recoverable energy dissipation. Concerning the interaction between cells and materials, our findings suggest that the addition of silicon nitride stimulated osteogenic differentiation while inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus growth. Collectively, the amalgamation of ceramics and tough hydrogels facilitates the development of advanced composites for spinal implants, manifesting superior damping, osteogenic potential, and antibacterial properties. This approach holds broader implications for applications in bone tissue engineering.
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| 3. |
- Du, Xiaoyu, et al.
(författare)
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The porous cantilever beam as a model for spinal implants : Experimental, analytical and finite element analysis of dynamic properties
- 2023
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Ingår i: Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering. - : American Institute of Mathematical Sciences. - 1547-1063 .- 1551-0018. ; 20:4, s. 6273-6293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Investigation of the dynamic properties of implants is essential to ensure safety and compatibility with the host's natural spinal tissue. This paper presents a simplified model of a cantilever beam to investigate the effects of holes/pores on the structures. Free vibration test is one of the most effective methods to measure the dynamic response of a cantilever beam, such as natural frequency and damping ratio. In this study, the natural frequencies of cantilever beams made of polycarbonate (PC) containing various circular open holes were investigated numerically, analytically, and experimentally. The experimental data confirmed the accuracy of the natural frequencies of the cantilever beam with open holes calculated by finite element and analytical models. In addition, two finite element simulation methods, the dynamic explicit and modal dynamic methods, were applied to determine the damping ratios of cantilever beams with open holes. Finite element analysis accurately simulated the damped vibration behavior of cantilever beams with open holes when known material damping properties were applied. The damping behavior of cantilever beams with random pores was simulated, highlighting a completely different relationship between porosity, natural frequency and damping response. The latter highlights the potential of finite element methods to analyze the dynamic response of arbitrary and complex structures, towards improved implant design.
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| 4. |
- Fisher, Trevor R., et al.
(författare)
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How does hydrogen bond network analysis reveal the golden ratio of water–glycerol mixtures?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 22:5, s. 2887-2907
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Properties of water–glycerol mixtures depend closely on the water/glycerol ratio. Around the 30 mol% glycerol concentration mark, the so-called golden ratio of water–glycerol mixtures, several of the mixture's properties have observed maxima or minima, without a clear fundamental explanation. In this work, a series of molecular dynamics simulations have been performed over a wide range of water–glycerol concentrations to analyze the intermolecular hydrogen bond (H-bond) network. The collected values from simulations are justified from both a probabilistic model of H-bonding and from observing the dynamic behavior of each type of H-bonds. The populations of H-bonds that exist at a given concentration of glycerol are largely governed by the probability of one oxygen atom randomly associating with another oxygen atom. However, the H-bonds that glycerol oxygen can form are dependent on the H-bonds that are formed by the other intramolecular glycerol oxygen. Based on the dynamic analysis of each type of H-bonds, there are deviations from randomly associating with another oxygen. Water preferentially donates a hydrogen to a glycerol than to another water molecule. Yet, glycerol has a near-equal likelihood for donating a hydrogen to either another glycerol or a water. This has an effect of increasing the number of H-bonds between water and glycerol molecules and decreasing H-bonds between two water molecules. A maximum contribution of H-bonds between water and glycerol occurs around 30 mol% glycerol which is a concentration where several of the mixture's properties have an observed maxima or minima.
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| 5. |
- Hudson, Thomas J., et al.
(författare)
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International network of cancer genome projects
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 464:7291, s. 993-998
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) was launched to coordinate large-scale cancer genome studies in tumours from 50 different cancer types and/or subtypes that are of clinical and societal importance across the globe. Systematic studies of more than 25,000 cancer genomes at the genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic levels will reveal the repertoire of oncogenic mutations, uncover traces of the mutagenic influences, define clinically relevant subtypes for prognosis and therapeutic management, and enable the development of new cancer therapies.
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| 6. |
- Katsaros, Ioannis, et al.
(författare)
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Bioactive Silicon Nitride Implant Surfaces with Maintained Antibacterial Properties
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Functional Biomaterials. - : MDPI. - 2079-4983. ; 13:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is a promising biomaterial, currently used in spinal fusion implants. Such implants should result in high vertebral union rates without major complications. However, pseudarthrosis remains an important complication that could lead to a need for implant replacement. Making silicon nitride implants more bioactive could lead to higher fusion rates, and reduce the incidence of pseudarthrosis. In this study, it was hypothesized that creating a highly negatively charged Si3N4 surface would enhance its bioactivity without affecting the antibacterial nature of the material. To this end, samples were thermally, chemically, and thermochemically treated. Apatite formation was examined for a 21-day immersion period as an in-vitro estimate of bioactivity. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were inoculated on the surface of the samples, and their viability was investigated. It was found that the thermochemically and chemically treated samples exhibited enhanced bioactivity, as demonstrated by the increased spontaneous formation of apatite on their surface. All modified samples showed a reduction in the bacterial population; however, no statistically significant differences were noticed between groups. This study successfully demonstrated a simple method to improve the in vitro bioactivity of Si3N4 implants while maintaining the bacteriostatic properties.
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| 7. |
- Liang, Xiubo, et al.
(författare)
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Menstrual Monster : A Tangible Interactive Co-educational Game Designed for Teenagers
- 2022
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Ingår i: CHI EA '22. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450391566
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Learning menstruation in early adolescence could reduce teenagers’ misunderstanding of it and help them treat menstruation in a proper way. This paper explored a tangible game for teenagers of different genders learning menstruation through collaborative playing. The game included five levels where users play together and learn the cause, products, symptoms of menstruation as well as try to judge some scenarios and listen to audios about menstruation. In our user study, we invited three groups of teenagers ages 11 to 16. Each group contained at least one male and one female, and we let them play the game freely. Teenagers were successfully able to play the game collaboratively, learn menstruation-related knowledge. The results revealed motivation differences related to gender, and after the game, teenagers demonstrated the observable change of the attitude towards menstruation.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Lixin, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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A non-feedback multiphase clock generator
- 2002
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Ingår i: 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37353). - 0780374487 ; , s. 389-392
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces the design of a new multiphase clock generator with no feedback loop. A single-stage direct interpolation architecture is proposed. A 1/4 frequency divider and a short-circuit current suppression interpolator are developed to achieve the precise interpolation. The circuit has been fabricated in a standard 0.35 μm, 3.3 V CMOS process. The multiphase clock generator can operate in a wide range of input clock frequencies from 500 MHz to 1.5 GHz
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| 10. |
- Lixin, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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A non-feedback multiphase clock generator using direct interpolation
- 2002
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Ingår i: 2002 45th Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol 1, Conference Proceedings. - 0780375238 ; 1, s. 340-343
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a new multiphase clock generator using direct interpolators. No feedback loop is required. A single-stage direct interpolation architecture is proposed. A 1/4 frequency divider and a short-circuit current suppression interpolator are developed to achieve the precise interpolation. The circuit was fabricated in a standard 0.35μm, 3.3V CMOS process. The multiphase clock generator can operate in a wide range of input clock frequencies from 500 MHz to 1 GHz.
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