| 1. |
- Han, Xue, et al.
(författare)
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Empirical analysis for Distributed Energy Resources' impact on future distribution network
- 2012
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Ingår i: Energy Conference and Exhibition (ENERGYCON), 2012 IEEE International. - : IEEE. - 9781467314541 ; , s. 731-737
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been a large body of statements claiming that the large scale deployment of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) will eventually reshape the future distribution grid operation in various ways. Thus, it is interesting to introduce a platform to interpret to what extent the power system operation will be alternated. In this paper, quantitative results in terms of how the future distribution grid will be changed by the deployment of distributed generation, active demand and electric vehicles, are presented. The analysis is based on the conditions for both a radial and a meshed distribution network. The input parameters are based on the current and envisioned DER deployment scenarios proposed for Sweden.
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| 2. |
- Han, Xue, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling Framework and the Quantitative Analysis of Distributed Energy Resources in Future Distribution Networks
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems. - : De Gruyter. - 2194-5756 .- 1553-779X. ; 14:5, s. 421-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been a large body of statements claiming that the large-scale deployment of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) could eventually reshape the future distribution grid operation in numerous ways. Thus, it is necessary to introduce a framework to measure to what extent the power system operation will be changed by various parameters of DERs. This article proposed a modelling framework for an overview analysis on the correlation between DERs. Furthermore, to validate the framework, the authors described the reference models of different categories of DERs with their unique characteristics, comprising distributed generation, active demand and electric vehicles. Subsequently, quantitative analysis was made on the basis of the current and envisioned DER deployment scenarios proposed for Sweden. Simulations are performed in two typical distribution network models for four seasons. The simulation results show that in general the DER deployment brings in the possibilities to reduce the power losses and voltage drops by compensating power from the local generation and optimizing the local load profiles.
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| 3. |
- Wu, Yiming, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Framework incorporating synchronized phasor data for power system operation and control
- 2012
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Ingår i: The 9th IET International Conference on Advances in Power System Control, Operation and Management. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology. - 9781849197434
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This position paper presents initial research and investigation on a unified framework combining two independent systems, the legacy SCADA system and the synchronized phasor data system, that share the same measurement sources, i.e., current and voltage transducers and the same communication medium. In this framework, conventional SCADA system coupled with substation automation system are modeled together with synchronized phasor systems. The contribution of this paper also includes a state-of–the-art survey of topics related to the proposed architectures. Furthermore, an overview of the data flows between substation and control centers including both SCADA and phasor measurements are presented. Taking into consideration the growing interest in communication and automation standardization this paper also addresses the communication between the substations coupled with relevant standards and technology.
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| 4. |
- Wu, Yiming, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Perspectives on Peer-to-Peer Data Delivery Architectures for Next Generation Power Systems
- 2013
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Ingår i: Smart Grid Management.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and aggregation of equipment bring in new perspectives in terms of the increasing number of data users. It also brings new data delivery requirements which are difficult to be met by the legacy systems. Off-the-shelf standards and communication technologies are the enablers to push current data delivery solutions to a new level. At this level this new data delivery system can fulfill Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of next generation power system. This paper proposes a comprehensive architecture of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) based overlay-control data delivery system covering all levels of data delivery. The core technology of such an architecture lays on the Intelligent Substation Gateway (ISG), which is employed to provide data delivery service to meet the QoS requirements. Proposed data delivery system brings advantages as autonomy, flexibility, scalability, and efficient to the power system.
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| 5. |
- Zhu, Kun, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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An Empirical Study of Synchrophasor Communication Delay in a Utility TCP/IP Network
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 2194-5756 .- 1553-779X. ; 14:4, s. 341-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although there is a plethora of literature dealing with Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) communication delay, there has not been any effort to generalize empirical delay results by identifying the distributions with the best fit. The existing studies typically assume a distribution, or simply build on analogies to communication network routing delay. Specifically, this study provides insight into the characterization of the communication delay of both unprocessed PMU data and synchrophasors sorted by a Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC). The results suggest that a bi-modal distribution containing two normal distributions offers the best fit of the delay of the unprocessed data, whereas the delay profile of the sorted synchrophasors resembles a normal. Based on these results, the possibility of evaluating the reliability of a synchrophasor application with respect to a particular choice of PDC timeout is discussed.
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| 6. |
- Zhu, Kun, 1983-
(författare)
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Data Quality in Wide-Area Monitoring and Control Systems : PMU Data Latency, Completness, and Design of Wide-Area Damping Systems
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The strain on modern electrical power system operation has led to an ever increasing utilization of new Information Communication Technology (ICT) systems to enhance the reliability and efficiency of grid operation. Among these proposals, Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)-based Wide-Area Monitoring and Control (WAMC) systems have been recognized as one of the enablers of “Smart Grid”, particularly at the transmission level, due to their capability to improve the real-time situational awareness of the grid. These systems differ from the conventional Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems in that they provide globally synchronized measurements at high resolutions. On the other hand, the WAMC systems also impose several stringent requirements on the underlying ICT systems, including performance, security, and availability, etc. As a result, the functionality of the WAMC applications is heavily, but not exclusively, dependent on the capabilities of the underlying ICT systems. This tight coupling makes it difficult to fully exploit the benefits of the synchrophasor technology without the proper design and configuration of ICT systems to support the WAMC applications. The strain on modern electrical power system operation has led to an ever increasing utilization of new Information Communication Technology (ICT) systems to enhance the reliability and efficiency of grid operation. Among these proposals, Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU)-based Wide-Area Monitoring and Control (WAMC) systems have been recognized as one of the enablers of “Smart Grid”, particularly at the transmission level, due to their capability to improve the real-time situational awareness of the grid. These systems differ from the conventional Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems in that they provide globally synchronized measurements at high resolutions. On the other hand, the WAMC systems also impose several stringent requirements on the underlying ICT systems, including performance, security, and availability, etc. As a result, the functionality of the WAMC applications is heavily, but not exclusively, dependent on the capabilities of the underlying ICT systems. This tight coupling makes it difficult to fully exploit the benefits of the synchrophasor technology without the proper design and configuration of ICT systems to support the WAMC applications.In response to the above challenges, this thesis addresses the dependence of WAMC applications on the underlying ICT systems. Specifically, two of the WAMC system data quality attributes, latency and completeness, are examined together with their effects on a typical WAMC application, PMU-based wide-area damping systems. The outcomes of this research include quantified results in the form of PMU communication delays and data frame losses, and probability distributions that can model the PMU communication delays. Moreover, design requirements are determined for the wide-area damping systems, and three different delay-robust designs for this WAMC application are validated based on the above results. Finally, a virtual PMU is developed to perform power system and communication network co-simulations.The results reported by this thesis offer a prospect for better predictions of the performance of the supporting ICT systems in terms of PMU data latency and completeness. These results can be further used to design and optimize the WAMC applications and their underlying ICT systems in an integrated manner. This thesis also contributes a systematic approach to design the wide-area damping system considering the PMU data latency and completeness. Finally, the developed virtual PMU, as part of a co-simulation platform, provides a means to investigate the dependence of WAMC applications on the capabilities of the underlying ICT systems in a cost-efficient manner.
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| 7. |
- Zhu, Kun, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Data Volume Estimation for CIM based Information Exchange
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IEC 61970 and 61968, which are commonly referred as Common Information Model (CIM), are proposed to facilitate integration of EMS applications and information exchange between EMS systems with propitiatory data structures. To use communication network in an optimized manner, it is necessary to partition the potentially voluminous data into subsets given their sources, expected exchange frequency, and subscribing applications. In response to these requirements, the concept of CIM profiles is brought up by CIMug. In this paper, functions illustrating the dependency between exchange data volume and basic grid parameters for each data profile are presented. A CIM/XML/RDF file for a generally available 40 bus test system (CIM 13) and examples provided by standards are used as references. The method is validated by estimating the data sizes of similarly available 100bus and 60bus test systems that are modeled according to CIM 13 as well. The contribution of this paper is that it provides ICT system designers with a means to estimate the corresponding requirements for various CIM/XML based data exchange patterns. The estimations are performed based on commonly known grid parameters such as number of buses, branches, generators, transformers and loads together with execution frequency of particular grid planning and operation applications.
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| 8. |
- Zhu, Kun, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Design of Robust Wide-Area Damping Controller Based on Synchronized Phasor
- 2012
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Ingår i: The 9th International Conference on Advances in Power System Control, Operation & Management (APSCOM 2012), 18 November-21 November 2012, Kowloon Shangri-La Hotel, Hong Kong: Conference Handbook. - Hongkong : Institution of Engineering and Technology.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
- Zhu, Kun, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Design Requirements of Wide-Area Damping Systems-Using Empirical Data From a Utility IP Network
- 2014
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. - 1949-3053 .- 1949-3061. ; 5:2, s. 829-838
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) communication delays and data frame losses play a critical role in designing of wide-area damping systems driven by synchrophasor technology. While there are a plethora of simulation-based studies addressing this issue, empirical results from actual PMUs deployed in the field are rare. This paper provides important insights into the characterization of PMU communication delays and data frame losses based on empirical results collected from a utility IP network. Additionally, efforts are also made to elicit design requirements considering the above PMU data quality problems. Furthermore, three distinct delay-robust wide-area damping control schemes parameterized according to the proposed requirements are validated against the empirical delays and data frame losses. Time-domain simulation results suggest that the control schemes in question can effectively stabilize the power system in all of the tested scenarios.
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| 10. |
- Zhu, Kun, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Examination of data delay and packet loss for wide-area monitoring and control systems
- 2012
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Ingår i: 2012 IEEE International Energy Conference and Exhibition, ENERGYCON 2012. - : IEEE. - 9781467314541 ; , s. 927-934
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Timely and synchronized phasor data at high resolutions holds a great promise for more responsible and advanced power grid operations. It is expected that the combined effort of developing new application paradigms and the supporting Information and Communication Technology (ICT) will enable the evolutionary change for future transmission grid operation. This paper addresses the design of the supporting ICT system for Wide-Area Monitoring and Control applications considering system performance. The major contribution that distinguishes this paper from previous research efforts in the same area is that this study quantifies the end-to-end data delay and the received packet rate with considerations of different levels of data concentrations. The analysis performed in this paper is not merely limited to the performance issues caused by communication networks but also provides means to view and analyze the overall data delay of the entire supporting ICT system.
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