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| 2. |
- Abdollahpour, Nosrat, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of risk factors and the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders by QEC and Body Map operational units of the gas refinery in Iran and its Meta-Reflection
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Health. - 2382-9710. ; 7:1, s. 35-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the risk factors and the prevalence of WMSDs disorders using QEC and Body Map techniques in operational units took a gas refineries and its Meta-Reflection.Method and Material: This case study assessed 254 operators in three distinct phases. First, 72 workstation posture was evaluated by using of QEC. Secondly was intended for employees of WMSDs were assessed using by Body Map. After conducting interview with relevant directors, the effectiveness of such studies has been analyzed through Meta-Reflection.Results: Based on results came from QEC survey, the operators’ average scores was %53/8. Moreover, results of Body Map assessment showed that the highest organs of WMSDs were back and knee extrusions (47% and 46% respectively). Also, lack of ergonomics policy and plan within refinery has demonstrated by interviews. Meta-Reflection, on the other hand, showed that because of incomplete learning cycles in the mentioned surveys which only provide WMSDs’ status, workstations’ ergonomics condition, and introduce expert based solutions. Thus, such surveys not only have incomplete study plan, but also have less impact on improving overall health, safety and ergonomics within this organization.Conclusion: This research proves that non-ergonomic conditions result in awkward postures and subsequent physical disorders. Overall, this study has showed a gap from this kind of the work on the learning cycles at organizational levels, a trend should be considered to interactive research work on the workplaces with improved and promoted system ergonomics attitude.
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| 3. |
- Bahadori, A, et al.
(författare)
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Non H.pylori Helicobacter Identified as H.heilmannii in Gastric Biopsy samples in humans with gasteric disorders by PCR and Microscopic Methods in IRAN (First Report)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Europen Journal Of Zoological Research. - 2278-7356. ; 3:1, s. 92-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Discovery of Helicobacter pylori in 1982 increased interest in the range of other spiral bacteria that had been seen in Stomach.The power of technologies such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with genus specific primers revealed that many of these bacteria belong to the genus Helicobacter. These non-pylori helicobacters are increasingly being found in human clinical specimens. Non-pylori Helicobacters are Gram-negative, motile, long, tightly coiled, Spiral bacteria ,with three to eight coils, that cause of some gastric problems like gastritis, peptic ulceration and Mcosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) lynphoma in animals and humans. Samples taken during endoscopy were analyzed by rapid urease test, PCR and light microscope(Giemsa and Gram staining). In this study 810 biopsy samples from 270 patients with gastric disorders were collected. Presence of Helicobacters confirmed by a positive urease test and Helicobacter genus specific PCR method utilized. DNA was prepared from biopsies using the Qiamp tissue kit (QIAGEN Inc., Valencia, Calif.) and frozen at -20°C (like gastric samples/biopsies). DNA samples were amplified with 16SrRNA gene primers against Helicobacter species. In gastric biopsy specimen's non-pylori helicobacter spp., have been observed. At the end of the study we found that 71% of urease tests, 0.37% of light microscopic studies (we observed some spiral gram negative bacteria with 2-7 coils) and 0.74% of PCR tests were positive. In analysis with PCR route 2 person (both of them were Male) were infected with H.heilmannii-like organisms( one of them kept a dog for 5 years as a pet).16S rRNA gene amplification was performed on 270 DNA samples and results were positive for H.heilmannii in two cases (275-bp), but negative for H.bizzozeronnii,H.felis and H. Salmonis
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| 5. |
- Daon, J., et al.
(författare)
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Chemically enhanced carbon nanotubes based Thermal Interface Materials
- 2015
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Ingår i: THERMINIC 2015 - 21st International Workshop on Thermal Investigations of ICs and Systems 2015. - 9781467397056
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- With progress in microelectronics the component density on a device increases drastically. As a consequence the power density reaches levels that challenge device reliability. New heat dissipation strategies are needed to efficiently drain heat. Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs) are usually used to transfer heat across interfaces, for example between a device and its packaging. Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes (VACNTs) can be used to play this role. Indeed, carbon nanotubes are among the best thermal conductors (similar to 3.000 W/mK) and in the form of VACNT mats, show interesting mechanical properties. On one side, VACNTs are in contact with their growth substrate and there is a low thermal resistance. On the other side, good contact must be created between the opposite substrate and the VACNTs in order to decrease the contact thermal resistance. A thin-film deposition of an amorphous material can be used to play this role. This paper reports a chemically enhanced carbon nanotube based TIM with creation of chemical bonds between the polymer and VACNTs. We show that these covalent bonds enhance the thermal transfer from VACNTs to a copper substrate and can dramatically decrease local resistances. Implementation processes and thermal characterizations of TIMs are studied and reported.
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| 6. |
- Daon, J., et al.
(författare)
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Electrically conductive thermal interface materials based on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes mats
- 2014
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Ingår i: IEEE 20th International Workshop on Thermal Investigation of ICs and Systems (Therminic). Greenwich, London, United Kingdom, 24-26 September 2014. - 9781479954155
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In power microelectronics, the trends towards miniaturization and higher performances result in higher power densities and more heat to be dissipated. In most electronic assembly, thermal interface materials (TIM) help provide a path for heat dissipation but still represent a bottleneck in the total thermal resistance of the system. VA-CNTs mats are typically grown on HR silicon substrate with Al2O3 diffusion barrier layer using Thermal CVD process. In many cases, 'die attach' thermal interface materials need to be electrically conductive and the growth of dense VA-CNT mats on an electrically conductive substrate remains a challenge. This paper presents the growth of dense VA-CNT mats on doped silicon with Al2O3 and TiN diffusion barrier layer. Processes, thermal and electrical characterization of VA-CNTs based thermal interface materials are studied and reported.
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| 7. |
- Fu, Yifeng, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon nanotube growth on different underlayers for thermal interface material application
- 2016
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Ingår i: IMAPS Nordic Annual Conference 2016 Proceedings. - 9781510827226
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermal interface material (TIM) is a critical component in thermal management of high density packaging systems since both the reliability and lifetime of microsystems are dependent on how the heat is dissipated. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising candidate for development of TIMs due to their excellent thermal and mechanical properties. The thermal conductivity of CNTs can be up to 3000 W/mK in the longitudinal direction which acts as ideal heat transfer path. However, the huge interfacial thermal resistance between CNTs and contact surface hinders the exploitation of CNTs as TIMs. In this paper, we will focus on the growth of CNTs on various substrates and underlayers and analyze the interaction between catalyst and underlayer materials. Microscopic analysis is performed to characterize the quality of the CNT materials and monitor the diffusion of Fe particles into different barrier layers. Thermal conductivity of the CNT TIMs will be measured to examine the performance of the materials.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Nylander, Andreas, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Reliability investigation of a carbon nanotube array thermal interface material
- 2019
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073 .- 1996-1073. ; 12:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As feature density increases within microelectronics, so does the dissipated power density, which puts an increased demand on thermal management. Thermal interface materials (TIMs) are used at the interface between contacting surfaces to reduce the thermal resistance, and is a critical component within many electronics systems. Arrays of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained significant interest for application as TIMs, due to the high thermal conductivity, no internal thermal contact resistances and an excellent conformability. While studies show excellent thermal performance, there has to date been no investigation into the reliability of CNT array TIMs. In this study, CNT array TIMs bonded with polymer to close a Si-Cu interface were subjected to thermal cycling. Thermal interface resistance measurements showed a large degradation of the thermal performance of the interface within the first 100 cycles. More detailed thermal investigation of the interface components showed that the connection between CNTs and catalyst substrate degrades during thermal cycling even in the absence of thermal expansion mismatch, and the nature of this degradation was further analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This study indicates that the reliability will be an important consideration for further development and commercialization of CNT array TIMs.
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