| 1. |
- Chen, Fei'er, et al.
(författare)
-
The effects of PM2.5 on asthmatic and allergic diseases or symptoms in preschool children of six Chinese cities, based on China, Children, Homes and Health (CCHH) project
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491 .- 1873-6424. ; 232, s. 329-337
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The urbanization and industrialization in China is accompanied by bad air quality, and the prevalence of asthma in Chinese children has been increasing in recent years. To investigate the associations between ambient PM2.5 levels and asthmatic and allergic diseases or symptoms in preschool children in China, we assigned PM2.5 exposure data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project to 205 kindergartens at a spatial resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° in six cities in China (Shanghai, Nanjing, Chongqing, Changsha, Urumqi, and Taiyuan). A hierarchical multiple logistical regression model was applied to analyze the associations between kindergarten-level PM2.5 exposure and individual-level outcomes of asthmatic and allergic symptoms. The individual-level variables, including gender, age, family history of asthma and allergic diseases, breastfeeding, parental smoking, indoor dampness, interior decoration pollution, household annual income, and city-level variable-annual temperature were adjusted. A total of 30,759 children (average age 4.6 years, 51.7% boys) were enrolled in this study. Apart from family history, indoor dampness, and decoration as predominant risk factors, we found that an increase of 10 μg/m3 of the annual PM2.5 was positively associated with the prevalence of allergic rhinitis by an odds ratio (OR) of 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11, 1.29) and diagnosed asthma by OR of 1.10 (95% CI 1.03, 1.18). Those who lived in non-urban (vs. urban) areas were exposed to more severe indoor air pollution arising from biomass combustion and had significantly higher ORs between PM2.5 and allergic rhinitis and current rhinitis. Our study suggested that long-term exposure to PM2.5 might increase the risks of asthmatic and allergic diseases or symptoms in preschool children in China. Compared to those living in urban areas, children living in suburban or rural areas had a higher risk of PM2.5 exposure.
|
|
| 2. |
- Shi, Wenming, et al.
(författare)
-
Urinary phthalate metabolites in relation to childhood asthmatic and allergic symptoms in Shanghai
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Environment International. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 121, s. 276-286
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Few studies can be found on phthalate exposure in relation to childhood asthma and allergic symptoms from Mainland China, where a persistent increase in prevalence of childhood asthma and allergic disease has been observed. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the exposure levels to phthalates and its relationship with asthmatic and allergic symptoms among children in Shanghai, which has the highest prevalence of childhood asthma in Mainland China. Methods: A follow-up study (2013-2014) of 434 children aged 5-10 years was conducted, based on the China, Children, Homes, Health (CCHH) study (2011-2012) in Shanghai, China. Information on asthmatic and allergic symptoms (wheeze, rhinitis, and eczema) were collected using validated questionnaires. Ten phthalate metabolites in morning urine samples were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between symptoms and urinary phthalate metabolites controlling for demographics, family history of allergic diseases and other covariates. Results: Nine out of 10 phthalate metabolites were detected in all subjects (average detection rate of 93.2%). By multivariable logistic regression analyses, the 4th quartile of Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) (reference: 1st quartile) had adjusted prevalence odds ratios (aPORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) of 2.27(1.06-4.88), 2.14(1.02-4.46) and 2.98(1.19-7.50) for wheeze, rhinitis and eczema, respectively, while those of Mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) were 2.23(1.08-4.62) and 2.96(1.02-8.60) for rhinitis and eczema, respectively. The highest quartile of mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate(MEHHP) and mono 2 ethyl 5 ox ohexyl phthalate(MEOHP) had aPORs and 95%CIs of 3.10(1.10-8.74) and 2.63(1.02-6.80) for eczema, respectively. By summing up the 4 low molecular weight metabolites (Sigma 4LMWP) and all 9 metabolites (Sigma(9)Total), the highest quartiles of Sigma 4LMWP and Sigma(9)Total were significantly associated with all symptoms. In most of the above associations, a significantly increasing trend from the 1st to the 4th quartile was observed. Subjects with 2 or 3 concomitant symptoms (reference: no symptoms) had significant positive associations with a higher level (the 4th quartile) of phthalate metabolites. Conclusions: Low MW metabolites such as MnBP and MiBP, high MW DEHP and the total amount of phthalate metabolites might have adverse health effects on asthma and allergic symptoms in Chinese children.
|
|
| 3. |
- Xu, Feng, et al.
(författare)
-
Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Relation to Asthma, Allergic Rhinitis, and Atopic Dermatitis in Chinese Children
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Asthma. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0277-0903 .- 1532-4303. ; 48:10, s. 1001-1006
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a non-invasive biomarker of airway inflammation. Our aim was to analyze the interrelationship and differentiate the predicting effects of asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and atopic dermatitis (AD) on the FeNO levels in children from mainland China. METHODS: A case-control study with age- and gender matched 1:1 was designed based on a larger cross-sectional survey on asthma, AR, and AD in Shanghai. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on children's health information. Children with positive reports on physician-diagnosed asthma and/or AR and/or AD were recruited as cases, and children with no report of any of the diseases were designated as controls. The FeNO measurement was performed online, using the NIOX MINO® instrument (Aerocrine AB, Solna, Sweden) at 50 ml/min. RESULTS: A total of 130 subjects (65 cases and 65 controls, average age = 10 years) were recruited in this study. The average FeNO level was significantly higher in the cases (29.8 ± 1.9 ppb) than that in the controls (13.3 ± 1.7 ppb) (p < .001). Using multiple linear regression analysis controlling for confounding factors, including parental asthma/allergic diseases and home exposure, asthma (β = 0.330, p < .001) and AR (β = 0.157, p = .006) showed significant predicting effects for high FeNO levels, whereas AD was not related to the FeNO levels. CONCLUSIONS: Both asthma and AR could independently increase the FeNO levels in Chinese schoolchildren. Other diseases besides asthma should be considered when applying FeNO as a screening tool for asthma in Chinese children.
|
|
