| 1. |
- Cossarizza, A., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition)
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Immunology. - : Wiley. - 0014-2980 .- 1521-4141. ; 49:10, s. 1457-1973
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical aspects of flow cytometry enabling immunologists to avoid the common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there are comprehensive sections of all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine and human cells. The latest flow cytometry techniques and applications are also described, featuring examples of the data that can be generated and, importantly, how the data can be analysed. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid, all written and peer-reviewed by leading experts in the field, making this an essential research companion.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- de Diego, J L, et al.
(författare)
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Sensing, presenting, and regulating PAMPs.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Ernst Schering Foundation symposium proceedings. ; :3, s. 83-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recognition of microbial infection and initiation of immune responses are controlled by multiple mechanisms. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key components of the innate immune system that detect microbial infection. TLR activation helps to eliminate the invading pathogens, coordinate systemic defenses, and initiate adaptive immune responses. Despite progress elucidating the TLR signaling aspects and the physiological relevance of TLRs in microbial infections, the molecular basis of microbial recognition by TLRs is still not fully understood. In this article we focus on the availability of microbial ligands to regulate presentation to TLRs and assist in our understanding of TLR-mediated microbial recognition.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Scharff, Anna Zychlinsky, et al.
(författare)
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Sex differences in IL-17 contribute to chronicity in male versus female urinary tract infection
- 2019
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Ingår i: JCI Insight. - : American Society for Clinical Investigation. - 2379-3708. ; 4:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sex-based differences influence incidence and outcome of infectious disease. Women have a significantly greater incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) than men, yet, conversely, male UTI is more persistent, with greater associated morbidity. Mechanisms underlying these sex-based differences are unknown, in part due to a lack of experimental models. We optimized a model to transurethrally infect male mice and directly compared UTI in both sexes. Although both sexes were initially equally colonized by uropathogenic E. coli, only male and testosterone-treated female mice remained chronically infected for up to 4 weeks. Female mice had more robust innate responses, including higher IL-17 expression, and increased γδ T cells and group 3 innate lymphoid cells in the bladder following infection. Accordingly, neutralizing IL-17 abolished resolution in female mice, identifying a cytokine pathway necessary for bacterial clearance. Our findings support the concept that sex-based responses to UTI contribute to impaired innate immunity in males and provide a rationale for non–antibiotic-based immune targeting to improve the response to UTI.
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