| 1. |
- De Boer, Hugo J., et al.
(författare)
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Molecular phylogenetic analyses of Cucurbitaceae tribe Benincaseae urge for merging of Pilogyne with Zehneria
- 2015
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Ingår i: Phytotaxa. - : Magnolia Press. - 1179-3155 .- 1179-3163. ; 236:2, s. 173-183
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tropical cucurbitaceous genus Zehneria as traditionally circumscribed displays much morphological diversity. Recent taxonomic revisions have resulted in its redefinition through both recognition and subsequent lumping of several additional genera. This study utilized plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data to reconstruct a molecular phylogeny of Zehneria and its close relatives in order to test whether these revisions reflected the molecular evolution in this group. The results suggest that Neoachmandra is monophyletic, and that Zehneria in a restricted sense and Neoachmandra accessions form a single monophyletic clade, whereas Pilogyne in its present understanding is polyphyletic. In the light of these results Pilogyne should be merged back into Zehneria from which it was split off earlier.
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| 2. |
- de Boer, Hugo J., et al.
(författare)
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Anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity of some herbal remedies from Tanzania
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-8741 .- 1872-7573. ; 96:3, s. 461-469
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plants are not only important to the millions of people to whom traditional medicine serves as the only opportunity for health care and to those who use plants for various purposes in their daily lives, but also as a source of new pharmaceuticals. During interviews with the Pare people from Northeastern Tanzania, 29 plants that are used for medicinal purposes as well as 41 plants used for non-medicinal purposes were reported. Six medicinally used plants were selected for bioactivity analysis. Extracts of Coccinia adoensis, Cineraria grandiflora, Pavonia urens, Marattia fraxinea, Clutia abyssinica var. usambarica, and Vangueria infausta were made using ethyl acetate, methanol, cold water and boiling water. The antimicrobial activity was tested on Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium culmorum, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas syringae, and Erwinia amylovora. All plants showed activity against several test organisms.
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| 3. |
- Ghorbani, Abdolbaset, et al.
(författare)
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Botanical and floristic composition of the Historical Herbarium of Leonhard Rauwolf collected in the Near East (1573-1575)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY-IAPT. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 67:3, s. 565-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The German doctor and botanist Leonhard Rauwolf (1535-1596) was the first post-medieval European to travel to the Levant and Mesopotamia. The travel account that he published on his hazardous journey (1573-1575) is well studied, but the plants he collected during his travels have hardly been subjected to scientific study. The fourth volume of Rauwolf's 16th century book herbarium includes plant specimens collected from the area encompassing modern-day Lebanon, Syria and Iraq. We digitized this valuable historic collection, identified all specimens in the herbarium, analyzed its floristic composition, transcribed and translated the Latin and German texts accompanying each specimen and updated the names with the latest accepted nomenclature. The herbarium book includes 191 specimens representing 183 species belonging to 64 families. It includes original specimens of Linnaean type illustrations as well as historical crop cultivars from the Near East. The Rauwolf Herbarium gives a unique insight in the exotic, unknown and useful species of the Near East from the perspective of a 16th century European botanist.
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| 4. |
- Ghorbani, Abdolbaset, et al.
(författare)
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The typification of two Linnaean plant names based on illustrations published by Leonhard Rauwolf in 1583
- 2017
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 66:5, s. 1204-1207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on an assessment of the illustrations published in the travel account of Leonhard Rauwolf and the corresponding specimens collected by him between 1573 and 1575 in the Near East, lectotypes are designated for the Linnaean names Aristolochia maurorum and Rheum ribes, which have not been typified previously.
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| 5. |
- Kaefer, J., et al.
(författare)
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Dioecy is associated with higher diversification rates in flowering plants
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. - : Wiley. - 1010-061X .- 1420-9101. ; 27:7, s. 1478-1490
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In angiosperms, dioecious clades tend to have fewer species than their nondioecious sister clades. This departure from the expected equal species richness in the standard sister clade test has been interpreted as implying that dioecious clades diversify less and has initiated a series of studies suggesting that dioecy might be an 'evolutionary dead end. However, two of us recently showed that the equal species richness null hypothesis is not valid in the case of derived char acters, such as dioecy, and proposed a new test for sister clade comparisons; preliminary results, using a data set available in the litterature, indicated that dioecious clades migth diversify more than expected. However, it is crucial for this new test to distinguish between ancestral and derived cases of dioecy, a criterion that was not taken into account in the available data set. Here, we present a new data set that was obtained by searching the phylogenetic literature on more than 600 completely dioecious angiosperm genera and identifying 115 sister clade pairs for which dioecy is likely to be derived (including > 50% of the dioecious species). Applying the new sister clade test to this new dataset, we confirm the preliminary result that dioecy is associated with an increased diversification rate, a result that does not support the idea that dioecy is an evolutionary dead end in angiosperms. The traits usually associated with dioecy, that is, an arborescent growth form, abiotic pollination, fleshy fruits or a tropical distribution, do not influence the diversification rate. Rather than a low diversification rate, the observed species richness patterns of dioecious clades seem to be better explained by a low transition rate to dioecy and frequent losses.
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| 6. |
- Maas, Marc F.P.M., et al.
(författare)
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The mitochondrial plasmid pAL2-1 reduces calorie restriction mediated life span extension in the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina
- 2004
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Ingår i: Fungal Genetics and Biology. ; 41, s. 865-871
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Calorie restriction is the only life span extending regimen known that applies to all aging organisms. Although most fungi do not appear to senesce, all natural isolates of the modular filamentous fungus Podospora anserina have a limited life span. In this paper, we show that calorie restriction extends life span also in Podospora anserina. The response to glucose limitation varies significantly among 23 natural isolates from a local population in The Netherlands, ranging from no effect up to a 5-fold life span extension. The isolate dependent effect is largely due to the presence or absence of pAL2-1 homologous plasmids. These mitochondrial plasmids are associated with reduced life span under calorie restricted conditions, suggesting a causal link. This has been substantiated using three combinations of isogenic isolates with and without plasmids. A model is proposed to explain how pAL2-1 homologues influence the response to calorie restriction.
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| 7. |
- Abihudi, Siri A., et al.
(författare)
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Conservation status revision and communities' perceptions of 22 Aloe species in Tanzania
- 2021
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Ingår i: Plant Ecology and Evolution. - : Agentschap Plantentuin Meise. - 2032-3913 .- 2032-3921. ; 154:3, s. 391-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims – Many Aloe species are globally threatened due to overharvesting for trade and habitat destruction. CITES regulates their international trade. In Tanzania, 50% of all existing Aloe species had previously been assessed, though some of these assessments were Data Deficient. For those with sufficient data, an update is required as the rate of decline has rapidly increased over the last years.Material and methods – We estimated Area of Occupancy (AOO), Extent of Occurrence (EOO), and number of locations for 22 Tanzanian Aloe species using the Geospatial Conservation Assessment software (GeoCAT). We assessed the reasons leading to their decline based on direct field observations and community perceptions.Key results – We revised the conservation status of 22 Aloe species; two were assessed as Critically Endangered, ten as Endangered, five as Vulnerable, and five as Least Concern. We re-discovered the Critically Endangered Aloe boscawenii, which had not been seen in Tanzania for more than six decades. We propose to downgrade the endemic Aloe dorotheae, Aloe leptosiphon, and Aloe flexilifolia from Critically Endangered to a lower threat level. The community perception on Aloe species availability did not accurately reflect their categorisation based on the IUCN criteria B. We identified agricultural activities and climate change effects as the two main threats to Tanzanian Aloe species.Conclusion – We conclude that overall numbers are declining for 22 Aloe species in Tanzania, mainly due to human activities. We recommend the implementation of laws and policies to protect their natural habitats.
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| 8. |
- Anderson, Bruce, et al.
(författare)
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Opposing effects of plant traits on diversification
- 2023
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Ingår i: iScience. - : Cell Press. - 2589-0042. ; 26:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species diversity can vary dramatically across lineages due to differences in speciation and extinction rates. Here, we explore the effects of several plant traits on diversification, finding that most traits have opposing effects on diversification. For example, outcrossing may increase the efficacy of selection and adaptation but also decrease mate availability, two processes with contrasting effects on lineage persistence. Such opposing trait effects can manifest as differences in diversification rates that depend on ecological context, spatiotemporal scale, and associations with other traits. The complexity of pathways linking traits to diversification suggests that the mechanistic underpinnings behind their correlations may be difficult to interpret with any certainty, and context dependence means that the effects of specific traits on diversification are likely to differ across multiple lineages and timescales. This calls for taxonomically and context-controlled approaches to studies that correlate traits and diversification.
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| 9. |
- Cooper, Wendy, E., et al.
(författare)
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A taxonomic revision of Trichosanthes L. (Cucurbitaceae) in Australia, including one new species from the Northern Territory
- 2011
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Ingår i: Austrobaileya : a journal of plant systematics. - 0155-4131. ; 8:3, s. 364-386
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trichosanthes is represented by six species in Australia: T cucumerina L. var. cucumerina,T morrisii W.E.Cooper sp. nov., T odontosperma W.E.Cooper & A.J.Ford, T pentaphylla F.Muell. ex Benth., T pilosa Lour. and T subvelutina F.Muell. ex Cogn. Trichosanthes ovigera Blume has recently been synonymised with T pilosa and we now include T holtzei F.Muell. within this synonymy. All taxa are illustrated (with the exception of T odontosperma previously illustrated in 2010), and distinguished from other Australian species. Notes on habitat and distribution are included together with distribution maps. Three identification keys are presented, two to the sections of Trichosanthes and one to the species of Trichosanthes in Australia.
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| 10. |
- de Boer, Hugo J., et al.
(författare)
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A Fly in the Ointment : Evaluation of Traditional Use of Plants to Repel and Kill Blowfly Larvae in Fermented Fish
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: In rural areas in Laos, fly larvae infestations are common in fermenting fish. Blowflies (Chrysomyamegacephala, Diptera: Calliphoridae) are attracted to oviposit (and/or larviposit) onto fermenting fish which results ininfestations with fly larvae. Knowledge of traditional use of plants to repel larvae during the production of fermented fish iscommon and widespread in Lao PDR.Research Questions: How effective are the most salient species in repelling, and killing fly larvae in fermenting fish?Material and Methods: The three plant species most frequently reported to repel fly larvae during an ethnobotanical surveythroughout Lao PDR were tested for repellence and larvicidal activity of fly larvae infesting fermented fish. The lethality andrepellence of Tadehagi triquetrum (L.) H. Ohashi (Fabaceae), Uraria crinita (L.) Desv. ex DC. (Fabaceae) and Bambusa multiplex(Lour.) Raeusch. ex Schult. & Schult. f. (Poaceae) were tested in an experimental design using fermenting fish in Vientiane,Lao PDR.Results: The repellent effect of fresh material of T. triquetrum and U. crinita, and the larvicidal effect of fresh B. multiplex, issignificantly more effective than that of dried material of the same species, and the total effect (repellence and larvicidaleffect combined) for each of the three species was significantly more effective for fresh than for dry material. Fresh materialof T. triquetrum, U. crinita, or B. multiplex added on top of the fermenting fish repelled 50%, 54%, 37%, and killed 22%, 28%,and 40% of fly larvae. The total effect was not significantly different per species at 72%, 82%, and 77%, respectively.Discussion and Conclusions: The three most salient species are effective in repelling and killing fly larvae in the productionof fermented fish, and may be essential to augment food safety during traditional fermentation in open jars.
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