| 1. |
- de la Espriella, Carlos
(författare)
-
A Technique for Small-area Poverty Analyses
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Urban Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 0042-0980 .- 1360-063X. ; 46:11, s. 2399-2421
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper proposes a technique for undertaking poverty analyses at city level, by studying the implementation of Costa Rica's social housing policy in the medium-sized city of Liberia. The technique was appraised in relation to its capacity to explore the links between social housing, poverty and inequality, the effects of the implementation of the selected policy and the differences between targeting implementation strategies. The technique helps to clarify the effects that housing policies have on poverty reduction in Liberia. In particular, the use of an urban residential segregation approach in small-area poverty analyses allows the identification of concrete deprived urban areas and the prioritisation of feasible pro-poor land-based actions; therefore, it shows potential as a tool for urban planning and local decision-making.
|
|
| 2. |
- de la Espriella, Carlos
(författare)
-
Designing for equality: Conceptualising a tool for strategic territorial planning
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Habitat International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-3975. ; 31:3-4, s. 317-332
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The struggle for equality is fundamental to the reduction of poverty in Central America. Besides, one of the foremost goals of urban spatial planning, when implementing social policies, is to contribute to the reduction of poverty. This is done by producing a list of territorially-based actions and selecting those suitable for the implementation of social policies developed at national level. However, urban planners working with local authorities in the Region face political, managerial, financial and technical limitations for adequately conducting this task. Of particular interest to this paper are the limited options they have for technically assessing the impact that territorially-based actions have on reducing inequality, and therefore poverty. An operational methodology is proposed in this paper, as a step forward to enable planners to simulate, assess and monitor the impact of territorially-based actions on inequality, and to promote the use of evidence from statistical data when proposing, implementing and monitoring those actions. The methodology is introduced by inscribing it in the context of urban spatial planning, presenting the concepts that underpin it, describing how it is intended to work, and illustrating its use through the presentation of an empirical study.
|
|
| 3. |
- de la Espriella, Carlos
(författare)
-
PRO-POOR PLANNING: A Tool for Strategic Territorial Planning and a Conceptual Framework Drawn from Studies in Colombia and Costa Rica
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Few planning practices in the South seem to be equipped with key concepts and technical, empirical and administrative capacities required to comprehend and visualize the phenomenon of poverty at inter- and intra-urban levels, which compromises their ability to inform decision-makers on the effects on poverty reduction of the land-based actions they design, implement and monitor. This challenge was addressed from conceptual, technical, empirical, and administrative angles, which correspond to the research objectives. As a result, the study developed a Tool for Strategic Territorial Planning, TSTP™, which – using evidence-based poverty maps – helps urban planners comprehend and visualize the effects of land-based actions on poverty reduction in order to be better equipped to inform decision-makers. A Pro-poor Planning Conceptual Framework was also developed based on the applications of the TSTP™. Particularly, the study used a spiral methodology in which experiences of planning practice were used to reflect on, conceptualise, experiment with and suggest modifications to specific aspects of planning theory, which in turns nourished the same planning practice, as follows. First, the TSTP™ was developed on the bases of observations, literature review and in-depth interviews; then, the proposed technique was tested in two case studies, in which data was collected from surveys, questionnaires and census microdata, and analysed using geographic information systems; and lastly, the reflection on, and conceptualisation of, findings was used to develop the Pro-poor Planning Conceptual Framework using structured discussions, working papers and research workshops. The study showed that the use of an evidence-based poverty map technique is of significant importance to promote pro-poor planning practice, not only as a method to visualise the geographical distribution of poverty, but also as a tool to facilitate dialogue amongst different planning stakeholders when defining indicators of poverty, when analysing and discussing the results, and when defining and prioritizing actions. On the other hand, it showed that decentralization in Latin America has been a top-down process initiated in response to systemic economic or political crisis and accompanied by external pressures (as opposed to its motor being the deepening of democracy), and that management of public resources has not improved, participation of civil society is poor, and inter-regional inequalities still persist. Hence, it argued that the causal link between decentralization and democratic development in Latin America appears to be tenuous, which helps to understand why the impact of local planning practice on poverty reduction still looks weak. Six specific findings emerged: • the combination of poverty and inequality maps help in the identification of deprived urban areas with a clearly defined territory in which to implement pro-poor land-based actions that are in line with scarce resources • social and physical public interventions need to be combined and articulated in a plan of actions in order to reduce poverty, instead of just displacing the poor • more attention is required to targeting strategies and to long-term impacts of public programmes and projects in order to effectively and efficiently combat poverty • the proposed technique is flexible enough to be used in at least four functions of urban planning: diagnostic, simulation, decision-making and monitoring • the proposed technique alone cannot cope with structural limitations of urban planning, which is why a pro-poor planning conceptual framework was developed • greater efforts are required in relation to the collection and management of statistical and cartographic data in the South.
|
|
| 4. |
- de la Espriella, Carlos
(författare)
-
¿Una vivienda social incluyente en Liberia? El caso de una ciudad intermedia en Costa Rica
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Revista INVI. - 0718-1299. ; 22:59, s. 69-92
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents an empirical study, which analyzes the characteristics of those social housing projects implemented in the medium-sized city of Liberia, in Costa Rica, and their relationship to the territorial distribution of inequality and urban poverty. The dynamic economic growth of the province of Guanacaste and in particular of its capital, the city of Liberia, is widely recognized in Costa Rica. Unfortunately, this growth is accompanied by a process of socio-economic polarization. Particularly, and after conducting an urban analysis, it was found that the implementation of social housing projects have benefited almost 20% of its population -mostly very poor households-, yet it was also found that its implementation has contributed to the generation of what could be referred as 'enclaves of poverty' in the northern corner of the city, reducing the possibilities for development of those households. The study evidence the potential that urban planning and the implementation of the housing policy has on collaborating to promote equity and inclusiveness, in addition to its direct objective of providing decent housing to those household in need.
|
|
