| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Carraminana, Albert, et al.
(författare)
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Rationale and Study Design for an Individualized Perioperative Open Lung Ventilatory Strategy in Patients on One-Lung Ventilation (iPROVE-OLV)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 1053-0770 .- 1532-8422. ; 33:9, s. 2492-2502
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this clinical trial is to examine whether it is possible to reduce postoperative complications using an individualized perioperative ventilatory strategy versus using a standard lung-protective ventilation strategy in patients scheduled for thoracic surgery requiring one-lung ventilation. Design: International, multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: A network of university hospitals. Participants: The study comprises 1,380 patients scheduled for thoracic surgery. Interventions: The individualized group will receive intraoperative recruitment maneuvers followed by individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (open lung approach) during the intraoperative period plus postoperative ventilatory support with high-flow nasal cannula, whereas the control group will be managed with conventional lung-protective ventilation. Measurements and Main Results: Individual and total number of postoperative complications, including atelectasis, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pneumonia, acute lung injury; unplanned readmission and reintubation; length of stay and death in the critical care unit and in the hospital will be analyzed for both groups. The authors hypothesize that the intraoperative application of an open lung approach followed by an individual indication of high-flow nasal cannula in the postoperative period will reduce pulmonary complications and length of hospital stay in high-risk surgical patients. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 3. |
- Wu, Yu-Tzu, et al.
(författare)
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Education and wealth inequalities in healthy ageing in eight harmonised cohorts in the ATHLOS consortium : a population-based study
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Lancet Public Health. - 2468-2667. ; 5:7, s. e386-e394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The rapid growth of the size of the older population is having a substantial effect on health and social care services in many societies across the world. Maintaining health and functioning in older age is a key public health issue but few studies have examined factors associated with inequalities in trajectories of health and functioning across countries. The aim of this study was to investigate trajectories of healthy ageing in older men and women (aged ≥45 years) and the effect of education and wealth on these trajectories.METHODS: This population-based study is based on eight longitudinal cohorts from Australia, the USA, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, and Europe harmonised by the EU Ageing Trajectories of Health: Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) consortium. We selected these studies from the repository of 17 ageing studies in the ATHLOS consortium because they reported at least three waves of collected data. We used multilevel modelling to investigate the effect of education and wealth on trajectories of healthy ageing scores, which incorporated 41 items of physical and cognitive functioning with a range between 0 (poor) and 100 (good), after adjustment for age, sex, and cohort study.FINDINGS: We used data from 141 214 participants, with a mean age of 62·9 years (SD 10·1) and an age range of 45-106 years, of whom 76 484 (54·2%) were women. The earliest year of baseline data was 1992 and the most recent last follow-up year was 2015. Education and wealth affected baseline scores of healthy ageing but had little effect on the rate of decrease in healthy ageing score thereafter. Compared with those with primary education or less, participants with tertiary education had higher baseline scores (adjusted difference in score of 10·54 points, 95% CI 10·31-10·77). The adjusted difference in healthy ageing score between lowest and highest quintiles of wealth was 8·98 points (95% CI 8·74-9·22). Among the eight cohorts, the strongest inequality gradient for both education and wealth was found in the Health Retirement Study from the USA.INTERPRETATION: The apparent difference in baseline healthy ageing scores between those with high versus low education levels and wealth suggests that cumulative disadvantage due to low education and wealth might have largely deteriorated health conditions in early life stages, leading to persistent differences throughout older age, but no further increase in ageing disparity after age 70 years. Future research should adopt a lifecourse approach to investigate mechanisms of health inequalities across education and wealth in different societies.FUNDING: European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme.
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| 4. |
- Sanchez-Niubo, Albert, et al.
(författare)
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Development of a common scale for measuring healthy ageing across the world : results from the ATHLOS consortium
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 50:3, s. 880-892
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Research efforts to measure the concept of healthy ageing have been diverse and limited to specific populations. This diversity limits the potential to compare healthy ageing across countries and/or populations. In this study, we developed a novel measurement scale of healthy ageing using worldwide cohorts.METHODS: In the Ageing Trajectories of Health-Longitudinal Opportunities and Synergies (ATHLOS) project, data from 16 international cohorts were harmonized. Using ATHLOS data, an item response theory (IRT) model was used to develop a scale with 41 items related to health and functioning. Measurement heterogeneity due to intra-dataset specificities was detected, applying differential item functioning via a logistic regression framework. The model accounted for specificities in model parameters by introducing cohort-specific parameters that rescaled scores to the main scale, using an equating procedure. Final scores were estimated for all individuals and converted to T-scores with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10.RESULTS: A common scale was created for 343 915 individuals above 18 years of age from 16 studies. The scale showed solid evidence of concurrent validity regarding various sociodemographic, life and health factors, and convergent validity with healthy life expectancy (r = 0.81) and gross domestic product (r = 0.58). Survival curves showed that the scale could also be predictive of mortality.CONCLUSIONS: The ATHLOS scale, due to its reliability and global representativeness, has the potential to contribute to worldwide research on healthy ageing.
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| 5. |
- Arévalo-Martínez, Marycarmen, et al.
(författare)
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Myocardin-Dependent Kv1.5 Channel Expression Prevents Phenotypic Modulation of Human Vessels in Organ Culture
- 2019
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Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. - 1524-4636. ; 39:12, s. 273-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We have previously described that changes in the expression of Kv channels associate to phenotypic modulation (PM), so that Kv1.3/Kv1.5 ratio is a landmark of vascular smooth muscle cells phenotype. Moreover, we demonstrated that the Kv1.3 functional expression is relevant for PM in several types of vascular lesions. Here, we explore the efficacy of Kv1.3 inhibition for the prevention of remodeling in human vessels, and the mechanisms linking the switch in Kv1.3 /Kv1.5 ratio to PM. Approach and Results: Vascular remodeling was explored using organ culture and primary cultures of vascular smooth muscle cells obtained from human vessels. We studied the effects of Kv1.3 inhibition on serum-induced remodeling, as well as the impact of viral vector-mediated overexpression of Kv channels or myocardin knock-down. Kv1.3 blockade prevented remodeling by inhibiting proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix secretion. PM activated Kv1.3 via downregulation of Kv1.5. Hence, both Kv1.3 blockers and Kv1.5 overexpression inhibited remodeling in a nonadditive fashion. Finally, myocardin knock-down induced vessel remodeling and Kv1.5 downregulation and myocardin overexpression increased Kv1.5, while Kv1.5 overexpression inhibited PM without changing myocardin expression. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that Kv1.5 channel gene is a myocardin-regulated, vascular smooth muscle cells contractile marker. Kv1.5 downregulation upon PM leaves Kv1.3 as the dominant Kv1 channel expressed in dedifferentiated cells. We demonstrated that the inhibition of Kv1.3 channel function with selective blockers or by preventing Kv1.5 downregulation can represent an effective, novel strategy for the prevention of intimal hyperplasia and restenosis of the human vessels used for coronary angioplasty procedures.
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| 6. |
- de la Fuente, Eduardo, et al.
(författare)
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Ultracompact H II regions with extended emission: the case of G43.89-0.78 and its molecular environment
- 2020
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 497:4, s. 4436-4447
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Karl Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO), Atacama Large Millimetric Array (ALMA), and the infrared Spitzer observatories are powerful facilities to study massive star formation regions and related objects such as ultra-compact (UC) H II regions, molecular clumps, and cores. We used these telescopes to study the UC H II region G43.89-0.78. The morphological study at arcminute scales using NVSS and Spitzer data shows that this region is similar to those observed in the bubble-like structures revealed by Spitzer observations. With this result, and including a physical characterization based on 3.6 cm data, we suggest G43.89-0.78 be classified as an UC H II region with Extended Emission because it meets the operational definition given in this paper comparing radio continuum data at 3.6 and 20 cm. For the ultra-compact component, we use VLA data to obtain physical parameters at 3.6 cm confirming this region as an UC H II region. Using ALMA observations, we detect the presence of a dense (2.6 x 10(7) cm(-3)) and small (similar to 2.0 arcsec; 0.08 pc) molecular clump with a mass of 220 M-circle dot and average kinetic temperature of 21 K, located near to the UC H II region. In this clump, catalogued as G43.890-0.784, water masers also exist, possibly tracing a bipolar outflow. We discover in this vicinity two additional clumps which we label as G43.899-0.786 (T-d = 50 K; M = 11 M-circle dot) and G43.888-0.787 (T-d = 50 K; M = 15 M-circle dot).
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| 7. |
- De La Fuente, Eduardo, et al.
(författare)
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Ultracompact HII regions with extended emission: The complete view
- 2020
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Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 492:1, s. 895-914
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2019 The Author(s). In this paper, we present the results of a morphological study performed on a sample of 28 ultracompact HII (UC HII) regions located near extended free-free emission, using radio continuum (RC) observations at 3.6 cm with the C and D Very Large Array (VLA) configurations, with the aim of determining a direct connection between them. By using previously published observations in B and D VLA configurations, we compiled a final catalogue of 21 UC HII regions directly connected with the surrounding extended emission (EE). The observed morphology of most of the UC HII regions in RC emission is irregular (single- or multipeaked sources) and resembles a classical bubble structure in the Galactic plane with well-defined cometary arcs. RC images superimposed on colour composite Spitzer images reinforce the assignations of direct connection by the spatial coincidence between the UC components and regions of saturated 24 μm emission. We also find that the presence of EE may be crucial to understand the observed infrared excess because an underestimation of ionizing Lyman photons was considered in previous works (e.g. Wood & Churchwell; Kurtz, Churchwell & Wood).
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| 8. |
- Esparza, Santiago, et al.
(författare)
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Lo trágico en Sabine Ulibarrí
- 2008
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Ingår i: El modo trágico en la cultura hispánica. - 9788492315673 - 8492315679 ; 28, s. 33-42
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Vallejo, Fernando, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of and risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection among street-recruited young injection and non-injection heroin users in Barcelona, Madrid and Seville
- 2008
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Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - : S. Karger. - 1022-6877 .- 1421-9891. ; 14:3, s. 116-124
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: To evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and associated factors in 949 heroin users (HU): injectors (IHUs) and non-injectors (NIHUs). Methods: Cross-sectional study; structured questionnaire administered by computer-assisted personal interviewing and audio computer-assisted self-interviewing; dry blood samples analysed for the hepatitis B core antigen and hepatitis B surface antigen; bivariate analysis and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of infection was significantly higher in IHUs (22.5%) than in NIHUs (7.4%) in the three cities. In the logistic analysis of male IHUs, infection was found to be associated with living in Seville, age over 25, foreign nationality, having had a sexual partner who traded sex, hepatitis C virus infection, and having injected for more than 5 years. In female IHUs, HBV infection was associated with age over 25, having injected as the first main route of administration, and having begun to inject before 18 years of age. In NIHUs, the associated factors were female gender, foreign nationality and having been tattooed. In young IHUs, the prevalence of HBV infection remains four times higher than in the general population of the same age group. Conclusion: The vaccination strategy urgently needs to be reinforced and redesigned to achieve acceptable control of the HBV infection in the most vulnerable groups, with special attention to immigrants.
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