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- Chen, Cheng, et al.
(författare)
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Combining camera trap surveys and IUCN range maps to improve knowledge of species distributions
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Ingår i: Conservation Biology. - 0888-8892.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliable maps of species distributions are fundamental for biodiversity research and conservation. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) range maps are widely recognized as authoritative representations of species’ geographic limits, yet they might not always align with actual occurrence data. In recent area of habitat (AOH) maps, areas that are not habitat have been removed from IUCN ranges to reduce commission errors, but their concordance with actual species occurrence also remains untested. We tested concordance between occurrences recorded in camera trap surveys and predicted occurrences from the IUCN and AOH maps for 510 medium- to large-bodied mammalian species in 80 camera trap sampling areas. Across all areas, cameras detected only 39% of species expected to occur based on IUCN ranges and AOH maps; 85% of the IUCN only mismatches occurred within 200 km of range edges. Only 4% of species occurrences were detected by cameras outside IUCN ranges. The probability of mismatches between cameras and the IUCN range was significantly higher for smaller-bodied mammals and habitat specialists in the Neotropics and Indomalaya and in areas with shorter canopy forests. Our findings suggest that range and AOH maps rarely underrepresent areas where species occur, but they may more often overrepresent ranges by including areas where a species may be absent, particularly at range edges. We suggest that combining range maps with data from ground-based biodiversity sensors, such as camera traps, provides a richer knowledge base for conservation mapping and planning.
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- Chen, Cheng, et al.
(författare)
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Global camera trap synthesis highlights the importance of protected areas in maintaining mammal diversity
- 2022
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Ingår i: Conservation Letters. - : Wiley. - 1755-263X. ; 15:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The establishment of protected areas (PAs) is a central strategy for global biodiversity conservation. While the role of PAs in protecting habitat has been highlighted, their effectiveness at protecting mammal communities remains unclear. We analyzed a global dataset from over 8671 camera traps in 23 countries on four continents that detected 321 medium- to large-bodied mammal species. We found a strong positive correlation between mammal taxonomic diversity and the proportion of a surveyed area covered by PAs at a global scale (β = 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.19–0.60) and in Indomalaya (β = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.19–1.2), as well as between functional diversity and PA coverage in the Nearctic (β = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.09–0.85), after controlling for human disturbances and environmental variation. Functional diversity was only weakly (and insignificantly) correlated with PA coverage at the global scale (β = 0.22, 95% CI = −0.02–0.46), pointing to a need to better understand the functional response of mammal communities to protection. Our study provides important evidence of the global effectiveness of PAs in conserving terrestrial mammals and emphasizes the critical role of area-based conservation in a post-2020 biodiversity framework.
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- Van Bommel, M.F., et al.
(författare)
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Incremental Encoding of Multiple Inheritance Hierarchies Supporting Lattice Operations
- 2000
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Incremental updates to multiple inheritance hierachies are becoming more prevalent with the increasing number of persistent applications supporting complex objects. Efficient computation of lattice operations such as greatest lower bound (GLB), least upper bound (LUB), and subsumption subsequently is becoming more and more important. General techniques for compact encoding of a hierarchy are presented that support the operations, and are flexible enough to allow incremental updates to the hierarchy. One such method is to plunge the given ordering into a boolean lattice of binary words, leading to an almost constant time complexity of the lattice operations. The method is based on an inverted version of the encoding of Aït-Kaci et al. to allow incremental update. Simple grouping is used to reduce the code space while keeping the lattice operations efficient. Comparisons are made to an incremental version of the range compression scheme of Agrawal et al., where each class is assigned an interval, and relationships are based on containment in the interval. The result is two incoding methods which have their relative merits.
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