| 1. |
- Lundström, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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Advances in understanding the podzolization process resulting from a multidisciplinary study of three coniferous forest soils in the Nordic Countries
- 2000
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Ingår i: Geoderma. - 0016-7061 .- 1872-6259. ; 94:04-feb, s. 335-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Geochemical, mineralogical, micromorphological, microbiological, hydrochemical and hpdrological joint investigations were performed at two coniferous podzolic sites in the north of Sweden and at one in the south of Finland. Mycorrhizal fungi were found to create numerous pens (3-10-mu m diameter) in many weatherable mineral grains in the eluvial (E) horizon. During the growing season, identified low molecular weight (LMW) organic acids such as citric, shikimic, oxalic and fumaric acids comprised 0.5-5% of the DOC and 0.5-15% of the total acidity in soil solutions. Between 20% and 40% of the dissolved Al was bound to the identified LMW organic acids. Mineral dissolution via complexing LMW acids, probably exuded in part by the mycorrhiza hyphae, is likely to be a major weathering process in podzols. We found no evidence for a decreasing C/metal ratio of the migrating organo-metal complexes that could explain the precipitation of secondary Fe and AL in the illuvial (B) horizon. Instead, microbial degradation of organic ligands resulting in the release of ionic,Al and Fe to the soil solution may he an important process facilitating the formation of solid Al-SI-OH and Fe-OH phases in the podzol B horizon. However, within the B horizon transport as proto-imogilite (PI) sols might be possible. In the B horizon, the extractable,Al and Fe was predominantly inorganic. The large specific surface area (SSA) removable by oxalate extraction, the high point of zero charge salt effect (PZSE), the low cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the high sulphate exchange capacity (SEC), painted to the presence of short-range ordered variable charge phases. Imogolite type material (ITM) was indeed identified in all B horizons by IR spectroscopy and crystalline imogolite was found in the deep B horizon of one profile. Mossbauer spectroscopy indicated that Fe in the form of ferrihydrite was formed by intergrowth with an Al-Si-OH phase. The high amounts of Fe and Al transported from the O to the E horizon indicate that there could be an upward transport of these elements before they are leached to the B horizon. We hypothesize that the LMW Al complexes an transported by hyphae to the mor (O) layer, partly released and subsequently complexed by high molecular weight (HMW) acids.
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| 2. |
- Mitchell, Ross N., et al.
(författare)
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PLATE TECTONICS BEFORE 2.0 Ga: EVIDENCE FROM PALEOMAGNETISM OF CRATONS WITHIN SUPERCONTINENT NUNA
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Science. - : American Journal of Science (AJS). - 0002-9599. ; 314:4, s. 878-894
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laurentia, the core of Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic supercontinent Nuna, has remained largely intact since assembly 2.0 to 1.8 billion years ago [Ga]. For earlier times, previous paleomagnetic data on poorly dated Paleoproterozoic mafic intrusions yielded ambiguous estimates of the amount of separation between key cratons within Nuna such as the Slave and Superior. Recent developments in paleomagnetism and U-Pb baddeleyite geochronology, including new results reported herein, yield sufficiently precise data to generate partial apparent polar wander paths for both the Slave and Superior craton from 2.2 to 2.0 Ga. Our new apparent polar wander comparison confirms earlier speculations that processes similar to plate tectonics, with relative motion between the Slave and Superior cratons, were operative leading up to the final assembly of supercontinent Nuna.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Berendse, F, et al.
(författare)
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Raised atmospheric CO2 levels and increased N deposition cause shifts in plant species composition and production in Sphagnum bogs
- 2001
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 7:5, s. 591-598
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Part of the missing sink in the global CO2 budget has been attributed to the positive effects of CO2 fertilization and N deposition on carbon sequestration in Northern Hemisphere terrestrial ecosystems. The genus Sphagnum is one of the most important groups of plant species sequestrating carbon in temperate and northern bog ecosystems, because of the low decomposability of the dead material it produces. The effects of raised CO2 and increased atmospheric N deposition on growth of Sphagnum and other plants were studied in bogs at four sites across Western Europe. Contrary to expectations, elevated CO2 did not significantly affect Sphagnum biomass growth. Increased N deposition reduced Sphagnum mass growth, because it increased the cover of vascular plants and the tall moss Polytrichum strictum. Such changes in plant species composition may decrease carbon sequestration in Sphagnum-dominated bog ecosystems.
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| 5. |
- Bernard, L., et al.
(författare)
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Study of the morphology of organic ferroelectric diodes with combined scanning force and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy
- 2018
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Ingår i: Organic electronics. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 1566-1199 .- 1878-5530. ; 53, s. 242-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic ferroelectric diodes attract increasing interest as they combine non-destructive data read-out and low cost fabrication, two requirements in the development of novel non-volatile memory elements. The macroscopic electrical characteristics and performances of such devices strongly depend on their structural properties. Various studies of their global microscopic morphology have already been reported. Here, a multi-technique approach including different scanning force and X-ray microscopies permitted to reveal and locally study nanometer-scale unexpected sub-structures within a P(VDF-TrFE):F8BT ferroelectric diode. The strong impact of these structures on the local polarizability of the ferroelectric is shown. Two alternative fabrication methods are proposed that prevent the formation of these structures and demonstrate improved macroscopic device performances such as endurance and ON/OFF ratio.
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| 6. |
- Dijkstra, F. A., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of organic acids on base cation leaching from forest floor under six north American tree species
- 2001
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Ingår i: European Journal of Soil Science. - : Wiley. - 1351-0754 .- 1365-2389. ; 52:2, s. 205-214
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic acidity and its degree of neutralization in the forest floor can have large consequences for base cation leaching under different tree species. We investigated the effect of organic acids on base cation leaching from the forest floor under six common North American tree species. Forest floor samples were analysed for exchangeable cations and forest floor solutions for cations, anions, simple organic acids and acidic properties. Citric and lactic acid were the most common of the acids under all species. Malonic acid was found mainly under Tsuga canadensis (hemlock) and Fagus grandifolia (beech). The organic acids were positively correlated with dissolved organic carbon and contributed significantly to the organic acidity of the solution (up to 26%). Forest floor solutions under Tsuga canadensis contained the most dissolved C and the most weak acidity among the six tree species. Under Tsuga canadensis we also found significant amounts of strong acidity caused by deposition of sulphuric acid from the atmosphere and by strong organic acids. Base cation exchange was the most important mechanism by which acidity was neutralized. Organic acids in solution from Tsuga canadensis, Fagus grandifolia, Acer rubrum (red maple) and Quercus rubra (red oak) were hardly neutralized while much more organic acidity was neutralized for Acer saccharum (sugar maple) and Fraxinus americana (white ash). We conclude that quantity, nature and degree of neutralization of organic acids differ among the different tree species. While the potential for base cation leaching with organic acids from the forest floor is greatest under Tsuga canadensis, actual leaching with organic anions is greatest under Acer saccharum and Fraxinus americana under which the forest floor contains more exchangeable cations than does the strongly acidified forest floor under Tsuga canadensis.
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| 7. |
- Lundström, Ulla, et al.
(författare)
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The podzolization process. A reveiw.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Geoderma. - 0016-7061. ; 94:2-4, s. 91-107
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews the major mechanisms proposed to explain podzolization. These include the production of organic acids that form soluble complexes with aluminium/iron thereby enhancing weathering, followed by illuviation by precipitation/adsorption processes occurring at greater depth. Precipitation of aluminium and iron is explained by decreasing solubility of increasingly metal-rich complexes, or by microbial degradation of the organic ligand. We also discuss proposed role of inorganic hydroxy-aluminium-silicate sols in podzolization. The paper is introductory to a multidisciplinary study of podzolization performed in the Nordic Countries presented in this volume.
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| 8. |
- Moyano, A. L., et al.
(författare)
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Distribution of C16:0, C18:0, C24:1, and C24:0 sulfatides in central nervous system lipid rafts by quantitative ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- 2014
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Ingår i: Analytical Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-2697. ; 467, s. 31-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sulfated galactosylceramides (sulfatides) are glycosphingolipids associated with cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) and are highly expressed in brain tissue. Although it is known that sulfatide species show heterogeneity in their fatty acid acyl group composition throughout brain development, their lipid raft distribution and biological relevance is poorly understood. We validated a fast and sensitive ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method to measure developmentally regulated sulfatide species (06:0, C18:0, C24:1, and C24:0) in central nervous system (CNS) lipid rafts isolated without using detergent. Our UHPLC-MS/MS assay showed good accuracy and precision with a linear range of 5 to 1000 nM for C18:0 and C24:1 sulfatides and 10 to 1000 nM for 06:0 and C24:0 sulfatides. We applied this quantitative analysis to detergent-free lipid rafts isolated from wild-type mice and arylsulfatase A-deficient (ASA knockout) mice that accumulate sulfatides. All four sulfatide species were more abundant in raft membranes than in non-raft membranes, with a significant increase in lipid rafts isolated from ASA knockout mice. This is the first description of an analytical method to study these sulfatide species in raft and non-raft membranes and has the potential to be applied to preparations from other tissues.
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| 9. |
- Moyano, A. L., et al.
(författare)
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Sulfatides in Extracellular Vesicles Isolated From Plasma of Multiple Sclerosis Patients
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroscience Research. - : Wiley. - 0360-4012 .- 1097-4547. ; 94:12, s. 1579-1587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane nanovesicles of diverse sizes secreted by different cell types and are involved in intercellular communication. EVs shuttle proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids that reflect their cellular origin and could mediate their biological function in recipient cells. EVs circulate in biological fluids and are considered as potential biomarkers that could be used to analyze and characterize disease development, course and response to treatment. EVs exhibit specific distribution of glycolipids and membrane organization, but little is known about the biological significance of this distribution or how it could contribute to pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We provide the first description of sulfatide composition in plasma-derived EVs by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We found that EVs of different sizes showed C16:0 sulfatide but no detectable levels of C18:0, C24:0, or C24:1 sulfatide species. Small EVs isolated at 100,000 x g-enriched in exosomes-from plasma of patients with MS showed a significant increase of C16: 0 sulfatide compared with healthy controls. Nanoparticle tracking analysis showed that the particle size distribution in MS plasma was significantly different compared with healthy controls. Characterization of small EVs isolated from MS plasma showed similar protein content and similar levels of exosomal markers (Alix, Rab-5B) and vesicular marker MHC class I (major histocompatibility complex class I) compared with healthy controls. Our findings indicate that C16: 0 sulfatide associated with small EVs is a candidate biomarker for MS that could potentially reflect pathological changes associated with this disease and/or the effects of its treatment.
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| 10. |
- Pilet, N., et al.
(författare)
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Piezoelectricity enhancement of P(VDF/TrFE) by X-ray irradiation
- 2016
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Ingår i: Organic electronics. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 1566-1199 .- 1878-5530. ; 37, s. 257-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic electronics is becoming more and more important because the low level of fabrication and deposition complexity even at large scale makes it a good candidate for future low cost technological product development. P(VDF-TrFE) is a co-polymer of special interest due its ferroelectric property enabling usage in re-programmable non-volatile organic memory and magnetoelectric sensors. Piezo force microscopy (PFM) provides access to the technologically relevant ferroelectric polarisability and its remanent polarization via imaging of the piezoelectric property. Here we use PFM to show that piezoelectric response of a P(VDF-TrFE) film can be enhanced by up to 260 % after soft X-ray irradiation. This enhancement correlates with morphological change of part of the film, from amorphous to crystalline. An optimal irradiation dose is found above which the film gets eroded and the piezoelectric response gets lowered. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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