| 1. |
- Palmer, Nicholette D, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association search for type 2 diabetes genes in African Americans.
- 2012
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Ingår i: PloS one. - San Francisco : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:1, s. e29202-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- African Americans are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes (T2DM) yet few studies have examined T2DM using genome-wide association approaches in this ethnicity. The aim of this study was to identify genes associated with T2DM in the African American population. We performed a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) using the Affymetrix 6.0 array in 965 African-American cases with T2DM and end-stage renal disease (T2DM-ESRD) and 1029 population-based controls. The most significant SNPs (n = 550 independent loci) were genotyped in a replication cohort and 122 SNPs (n = 98 independent loci) were further tested through genotyping three additional validation cohorts followed by meta-analysis in all five cohorts totaling 3,132 cases and 3,317 controls. Twelve SNPs had evidence of association in the GWAS (P<0.0071), were directionally consistent in the Replication cohort and were associated with T2DM in subjects without nephropathy (P<0.05). Meta-analysis in all cases and controls revealed a single SNP reaching genome-wide significance (P<2.5×10(-8)). SNP rs7560163 (P = 7.0×10(-9), OR (95% CI) = 0.75 (0.67-0.84)) is located intergenically between RND3 and RBM43. Four additional loci (rs7542900, rs4659485, rs2722769 and rs7107217) were associated with T2DM (P<0.05) and reached more nominal levels of significance (P<2.5×10(-5)) in the overall analysis and may represent novel loci that contribute to T2DM. We have identified novel T2DM-susceptibility variants in the African-American population. Notably, T2DM risk was associated with the major allele and implies an interesting genetic architecture in this population. These results suggest that multiple loci underlie T2DM susceptibility in the African-American population and that these loci are distinct from those identified in other ethnic populations.
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| 2. |
- van den Berg, Niels, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing number of long-lived ancestors associates with up to a decade of healthspan extension and a healthy metabolomic profile in mid-life
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Globally, the lifespan of populations increases but the healthspan is lagging behind. Previous research showed that survival into extreme ages (longevity) clusters in families as illustrated by the increasing lifespan of study participants with each additional long-lived family member. Here we investigate whether the healthspan in such families follows a similar quantitative pattern using three-generational data from two databases, LLS (Netherlands), and SEDD (Sweden). We study healthspan in 2,143 families containing index persons and two ancestral generations, comprising 17,539 persons with 25 follow-up years. Our results provide strong evidence that an increasing number of long-lived ancestors associates with up to a decade of healthspan extension. Further evidence indicates that members of long-lived families have a delayed onset of medication use, multimorbidity and, in mid-life, healthier metabolomic profiles than their partners. We conclude that in longevity families, both lifespan and healthspan are quantitatively linked to ancestral longevity, making such families highly suitable to identify protective mechanisms of multimorbidity.
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| 3. |
- van den Berg, Niels, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing number of long-lived ancestors marks a decade of healthspan extension and healthier metabolomics profiles
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Globally, the lifespan of populations increases but the healthspan is lagging behind. Previous research showed that survival into extreme ages (longevity) clusters in families as illustrated by the increasing lifespan of study participants with each additional long-lived family member. Here we investigate whether the healthspan in such families follows a similar quantitative pattern using three-generational data from two databases, LLS (Netherlands), and SEDD (Sweden). We study healthspan in 2143 families containing index persons with 26 follow-up years and two ancestral generations, comprising 17,539 persons. Our results provide strong evidence that an increasing number of long-lived ancestors associates with up to a decade of healthspan extension. Further evidence indicates that members of long-lived families have a delayed onset of medication use, multimorbidity and, in mid-life, healthier metabolomic profiles than their partners. We conclude that both lifespan and healthspan are quantitatively linked to ancestral longevity, making family data invaluable to identify protective mechanisms of multimorbidity.
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| 4. |
- van den Berg, Niels, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal Age and Child Reproductive Success
- 2021
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Ingår i: Historical Life Course Studies. - : International Institute of Social History. - 2352-6343. ; 10:3, s. 112-118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Are daughters of older mothers less fertile? The human mutation rate is high and increases with chronological age. As female oocytes age, they become less functional, reducing female chances at successful reproduction. Increased oocyte mutation loads at advanced age may be passed on to offspring, decreasing fertility among daughters born to older mothers. In this paper we study the effects of maternal ageing on her daughter's fertility, including total number of children, age at last birth, and neonatal mortality among her children. We study fertility histories of two generations of women from mutually exclusive families from a pre-demographic transition historical population in the Dutch province of Zeeland. Using mixed effect Poisson and linear models to take within family (sibling) relations into account, we show that among married daughters fertility is reduced for those who were born to mothers with an advanced maternal age, resulting in fewer children ever born and earlier ages at last birth. We do not find consistent evidence for effects on neonatal mortality. These results may indicate that women born to older mothers are negatively affected by their mothers' increased age.
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| 5. |
- Hedefalk, Finn, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood neighborhoods and cause-specific adult mortality in Sweden 1939–2015
- 2023
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Ingår i: Health & Place. - 1873-2054. ; 84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The socioeconomic health gradient has widened in recent decades. We study how childhood socioeconomic neighborhood conditions influence gender- and cause-specific adult mortality. Using uniquely detailed geocoded longitudinal microdata for a Swedish town (1939–1967), with a follow-up in national registers (1968–2015), we apply Cox proportional hazards models and estimate individual neighborhoods at the address-level. We find that childhood neighborhood social class has a lasting influence on male adult mortality (ages 40–69), even when adjusting for class position, class origin, neighborhood physical attributes and school districts. This impact was particularly pronounced for preventable causes of death, pointing to lifestyle and behavioral factors as important mechanisms.
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| 6. |
- Hedefalk, Finn, et al.
(författare)
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Micro-level childhood neighborhoods and later-life hospital admissions, Sweden, 1939-2015
- 2023
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We study how childhood neighborhood SES affects cause-specific health in adulthood. By using geocoded longitudinal microdata for the city of Landskrona, 1939-1967, linked to Swedish national registers, 1968-2015, we apply a life-course of place approach to measure cumulative neighborhood conditions. From 1939 to 1967, the whole population is geocoded at the address-level, and we observe their full residential histories within the city. Hence, we can measure the SES of everyone’s nearby childhood peers using age-adjusted neighborhood sizes. In early childhood we define the neighborhood as the courtyard or adjacent street, and then we dynamically expand the neighborhood size as the child grows. In the nationwide follow-up, 1968-2015, we use information on hospital admissions grouped by preventability. Thus, we can study the lasting impacts of neighborhood peers on adult health behaviors.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Rijpma, Auke, et al.
(författare)
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Unequal excess mortality during the Spanish Flu pandemic in the Netherlands
- 2022
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Ingår i: Economics and Human Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-6130 .- 1570-677X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A century after the Spanish Flu, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought renewed attention to socioeconomic and occupational differences in mortality in the earlier pandemic. The magnitude of these differences and the pathways between occupation and increased mortality remain unclear, however. In this paper, we explore the relation between occupational characteristics and excess mortality among men during the Spanish Flu pandemic in the Netherlands. By creating a new occupational coding for exposure to disease at work, we separate social status and occupational conditions for viral transmission. We use a new data set based on men’s death certificates to calculate excess mortality rates by region, age group, and occupational group. Using OLS regression models, we estimate whether social position, regular interaction in the workplace, and working in an enclosed space affected excess mortality among men in the Netherlands in the autumn of 1918. We find some evidence that men with occupations that featured high levels of social contact had higher mortality in this period. Above all, however, we find a strong socioeconomic gradient to excess mortality among men during the Spanish Flu pandemic, even after accounting for exposure in the workplace.
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| 9. |
- van Dijk, Ingrid Kirsten, et al.
(författare)
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A Healthy Marriage? : Emerging Marital Status Differences in Mortality in Scania, 1815 – 2015
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Marriage is protective of survival and contributes to healthy ageing, whereas both singlehood and widowhood are related to increased mortality and poor health. The long-term change in the mortality differentials by marital status, and its interaction with gender and social class, has not been systematically addressed in the literature. In this study, we explore the marriage premium for survival and widowhood, bereavement and divorce penalties for survival over time using an established database for Southern Sweden (SEDD) between 1905 and 2015. We show that married men have and had a survival premium, while especially widowers have increased mortality, most strongly directly after bereavement but also in the longer run. It is remarkable that there is such stability in the survival advantage of married men, despite massive social, economic and demographic changes. Mortality differentials by marital status are smaller for women and absent for much of the twentieth century. Over time, it appears that there has been convergence in the patterns of mortality by marital status between men and women. The divergence in mortality by marital status for women started in the blue-collar class. White-collar and blue-collar men were similarly affected by marital status. Overall, we conclude that marital status is important for longevity, and has been so for the entire twentieth century for men, and increasingly also for women.
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| 10. |
- van Dijk, Ingrid Kirsten, et al.
(författare)
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Disease exposure in early life affects women’s reproductive outcomes: Evidence from southern Sweden 1905-2000
- 2022
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mounting evidence shows that early-life adversity negatively affects morbidity and survival in late life, but knowledge is limited about effects on health in mid-life. To deepen our understanding of the long-term consequences of disease exposure in early life, we study women’s reproductive outcomes and survival. Using the Scanian Economic Demographic Database (SEDD) and Swedish administrative register data, in combination with local infant mortality rates as an indication of disease load exposure in the year of birth, we follow women’s reproductive careers over close to a century (1905-2000), focusing on a comprehensive set of outcomes. The results show that women exposed to disease in early life give birth to a lower proportion of boys (lower offspring sex ratio), in line with the notion that male fetuses are more vulnerable to their mother’s adverse physical or contextual conditions, and that pregnancies with male fetuses more often result in a miscarriage. Moreover, boys of exposed mothers are more likely to be born preterm, and they are heavier than boys born to non-exposed mothers, possibly because of in utero out-selection of weaker male fetuses. We also note that exposed women have a higher risk of stillbirth and miscarriage, and a lower risk of multiparous pregnancies, but do not find strong evidence that overall likelihood of giving birth is affected. Our results imply that early-life disease exposure has a continuous impact on reproduction and health across the female life course, and even affects the early-life health of the next generation.
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