| 1. |
- Gephine, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Specific contribution of quadriceps muscle strength, endurance, and power to functional exercise capacity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : a multicenter study
- 2021
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Ingår i: Physical Therapy. - : Oxford University Press. - 0031-9023 .- 1538-6724. ; 101:6, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Various functional muscle properties affect different aspects of functional exercise capacity in people with COPD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of quadriceps muscle strength, endurance, and power to the 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) and the 1-minute sit-to-stand test (1STS) performance in people with COPD.METHODS: The study was a prospective, multicenter cross-sectional study. Anthropometrics, Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scale, lung function, 6MWD and the 1STS number of repetitions were assessed. Isometric quadriceps strength (Strength-ISOM) and endurance (Endurance-ISOM), isotonic quadriceps endurance (Endurance-ISOT), isokinetic quadriceps strength (Strength-ISOKIN), and power (Power-ISOKIN) were assessed on a computerized dynamometer while functional quadriceps power was determined during 5 sit-to-stand repetitions (Power-5STS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the contribution of functional muscle properties on the 6MWD and the 1STS number of repetitions.RESULTS: The study included 70 people with COPD (mean % predicted FEV1 = 58.9 [SD = 18.2]). The 6MWD correlated with each functional muscle property, except the Endurance-ISOM. The number of repetitions during the 1STS correlated with each functional muscle property except isometric measurements. Multivariate models explained respectively 60% and 39% of the variance in the 6MWD and 1STS number of repetitions, with Power-5STS being the muscle functional property with the strongest contribution to the models.CONCLUSION: Except for isometric endurance, quadriceps strength, endurance, and power were associated with functional exercise capacity in people with moderate COPD. Among these functional muscle properties, muscle power contributed the most to the 6MWD and 1STS number of repetitions, suggesting that muscle power is more relevant to functional exercise capacity than muscle strength or endurance in people with COPD.IMPACT: Understanding the individual contribution of muscle properties to functional status is important to designing interventions. This study provides the guidance that muscle power may be more important to functional exercise capacity than muscle strength or endurance in people with COPD.
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| 2. |
- Hagberg, Jessika
(författare)
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Capillary zone electrophoresis for the analysis of low molecular weight organic acids in environmental systems
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Capillary zone electrophoretic (CZE) methods were developed to identify and quantify low molecular weight (LMW) organic acids in environmental samples. Sensitivity and selectivity were optimised by adapting the background electrolyte to the characteristics of analytes, and by using different modes of detection and injection. Electrokinetic injection mode in combination with an isotachophoretic state increased the sensitivity remarkably for LMW organic acids using UV detection. Calcium ions were added to the background electrolyte, inducing an on-column complexation between acids and calcium ions, which gave good separation of the acids. Mass spectrometric detection (compared to UV detection) increased the sensitivity when using hydrodynamic injection mode during analysis, and selectivity was improved by mass identification. A CZE method for determination of the dissociation constants of LMW organic acids in the pKa range of 3.54.5 was also developed. The developed procedures were applied to different areas where LMW organic acids play an important environmental role: Low molecular weight organic acids were analysed in rainwater and soil water in the low μg/l range, within ten minutes after sampling. Rapid analysis and high sensitivity are essential when studying samples with rapid turnover due to microbial activity and photodegradation. The use of CZE-ESI-MS proved to be a robust analytical tool for determining LMW organic acids in samples rich in interfering ions. Organic acids excreted by soil fungi as response to metal exposure was easily and rapidly quantified with CZE-ESI-MS compared to HPLC and CZE-UV analysis. Dissociation constants for isosaccharinic acid (ISA) and gluconic acid were determined by CZE to 3.87 and 3.64, respectively. The ability to make the determinations in the presence of impurities as well as not having to know the exact concentration of analyte were identified as the major benefits of CZE. Isosaccharinic acid was identified as the main degradation product from alkaline degradation of cellulose by CZE analysis. Long-term predictions on both cellulose degradation and ISA production were made based on three years of sampling data. A control sampling after seven years indicated that the degradation of cellulose and the production of ISA were lower than predicted.
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| 3. |
- Larsson, Ida, 1979-
(författare)
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Measurement of Self-Heating of Biomass Pellets using Isothermal Calorimetry
- 2017
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Self-heating in storage facilities of biomass pellet can lead to spontaneous combustion. This has resulted in many fires over the years, causing both financial and environmental losses.In order to assess the risk for spontaneous combustion of biomass pellets during storage, it is important to know how prone the fuel is to self-heating, i.e. to determine its reactivity. This thesis presents experimental work performed to develop a sensitive screening test procedure for biomass pellets, using isothermal calorimetry for direct measurement of the heat production rate. This method can be used to compare the reactivity of different biomass pellets. This could be useful for e.g. facility owners to gain better knowledge of their fuels propensity for self-heating and thereby facilitate safer storage.The screening test procedure can also be used for research purposes. Experiments have been performed with 31 different biomass pellet batches to investigate how the pellet composition, origin, etc. influence the reactivity of the pellets. The results from these experiments clearly show a significant difference in reactivity between different types of pellets. The results indicate that pine/spruce mix pellets are significantly more reactive than all other types of pellets tested, and that pellets consisting of 100 % pine are more reactive than pellets consisting of 100 % spruce. Pellets produced from winery wastes, straw, or eucalyptus, have low reactivity compared to pellets consisting of pine and/or spruce. The reactivity of the pellets was shown to be reduced by either introducing certain types of anti-oxidants into the pellets or by extracting lipids from the raw material of pellets.The screening test procedure is already being used today by some facility owners for assessing their fuels propensity for self-heating. The procedure is also one of the suggested test methods in “ISO/CD 20049 Solid biofuels — Determination of self-heating of pelletized biofuels”.
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