| 1. |
- de Wijse-van Heeswijk, Marieke, et al.
(författare)
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Case Study Report on Facilitation Interventions to Increase Learning Effectiveness in Game Simulations
- 2023. - 1
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Ingår i: Simulation for Participatory Education. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031210105 - 9783031210112 ; , s. 87-114
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two extreme case studies are highlighted in this follow-up chapter (this is a practical case study following up on Chap. 4 with a theoretical base) on how facilitators can enhance learning via interventions. Case study 1 consists of a positive open simulation game (learning results and goals achieved), containing optimized conditions for learning and several facilitated interventions per game phase. The open simulation game case study delivered learning early on in the gameplay and resulted in mainly third-order learning (learning to learn, a well-developed role perspective on how one can add value from their role). Case study 2 consists of a negative rule-based simulation game (goals were not achieved, few learnings) with diminished learning conditions and the lack of impact of facilitated interventions per game phase. The learning results of the negative case study 2 were limited because participants did not perceive the game as useful and experienced the mainly content-oriented interventions by the facilitator not as helpful. The extraneous cognitive load resulting from the gameplay disturbed the effect of the process interventions by the facilitator, so participants did not learn from the guidance the facilitator tried to provide. Discussing these two opposite extreme case studies provides an overview of what conditions favour learning and what interventions contribute to learning. In the previous chapter, it was highlighted that facilitators can enhance learning complexity reduction (or attenuation) and skill enlargement (amplification). In the case studies, the types of interventions performed are highlighted and explained so they provide two contextualized examples of how interventions added or left out have effect on learning combined with the internal conditions of the rule-based and the open simulation game.
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| 2. |
- van Laere, Joeri, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Complexifying Facilitation by Immersing in Lived Experiences of on-the-fly Facilitation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Simulation & Gaming. - : Sage Publications. - 1046-8781 .- 1552-826X. ; 52:3, s. 346-363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Describing the role of a facilitator often results in to-do lists resembling a recipe or a laundry list to follow. Such lists fail to grasp the inherent complexity of facilitation and are not very useful in guiding facilitators when, why and if they should intervene in the unfolding live performance of that day.Aim: To develop a deeper understanding of on-the-fly facilitation by analyzing rich empirical accounts of in-situ facilitation episodes.Intervention:Six facilitation episodes were through purposeful sampling selected from a body of hundreds of interventions in forty-seven performed crisis management training exercises in Swedish municipalities. Each full-day crisis management simulation-game had between fifteen and fifty participants involving politicians, administrative managers and crisis management staff.Method: An auto-hermeneutical phenomenological analysis of six lived experiences of facilitation episodes was conducted to understand what the facilitator observed and how a facilitation intervention was applied.Results: On-the-fly-facilitation is instantaneous, but draws simultaneously on awareness of the past, present and future. Facilitation needs are foreseen during design and they influence current attentiveness and coaching. Unfolding game-play needs to be grasped quickly. Potential future consequences of intervening or not intervening are evaluated within a limited window of opportunity. Due to these circumstances, facilitation is multi-skilled, arbitrary and fallible. Such muddiness of on-the-fly facilitation requires courage from the facilitator.Conclusions: In order to better understand how facilitation skills and roles actually are performed, the facilitation literature desperately needs a larger number of rich empirical accounts of interesting in-situ facilitation. Elaborate analysis of such lived experiences could develop understanding as to how available skills, situational circumstances as well as the unfolding interaction between players and facilitators actually develop into a facilitation intervention. This could generate more complex theoretical understanding of how to apply facilitation skills, in addition to theories that list what skills a facilitator should master.
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| 3. |
- Aggestam, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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How to Apply and Manage Critical Success Factors in Healthcare Information Systems Development?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Systems. - : MDPI. - 2079-8954. ; 11:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies on Critical Success Factors (CSFs) in Healthcare Information Systems (HIS) development projects have traditionally often been limited to retrospectively identifying CSFs in a finished project. In this paper, we focus on how to prospectively apply and manage CSFs in HIS projects. Based on a holistic perspective and systems thinking, an inductive research strategy was applied and a single in-depth case study was conducted. The findings include detailed descriptions that contribute to further understanding of how to prospectively apply and manage CSFs in HIS projects. The analysis reveals that CSFs must be applied differently and managed on various system levels. Furthermore, it shows how interactions exist between different system levels, both in the case of a specific CSF and between different CSFs on various system levels. Our analysis framework and findings indicate new directions for future research: how to prospectively apply and manage CSFs in HIS development projects can now be investigated both in a more holistic way and more in detail. Finally, healthcare practitioners can use the descriptions as practical checklists for guiding them in how to realize situational adaptation of CSFs in HIS projects across different system levels.
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| 4. |
- Berggren, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Community resilience towards disruptions in the payment system
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. - Valencia, Spain : ISCRAM. - 9788409104987 ; , s. 1070-1076
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a study where nine Swedish citizens were interviewed about their concerns and expectations, from a customer perspective, in relation to a 10 day disruption in the payment system. The purpose of the study was to understand the customer’s perspective in order to provide input to the development of a simulation environment. This simulation environment aims at allowing different stakeholders to experience how a disruption in the payment system affects the local community and thereby create understanding of how resilience is built and affected. The research questions were: What do customers expect to get access to? When? What are customers prepared for? How does this differ among different customer groups? The results indicate some understanding of how such a crisis affects the local community and what the informants expects to happen. The respondents represented a diversity of socio-economic backgrounds from rural and urban parts of the municipality.
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| 5. |
- Berggren, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Coping with large disruptions in the payment system : stakeholder experience from stakeholder workshops and computer based simulation gaming exercises
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2020 the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Management and Business (ICCMB 2020) Session - Computer and Mobile Technology. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450376778 ; , s. 141-145, s. 141-145
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we describe a work in progress where a mixed methods approach is used to increase insight into what kind of consequences a temporal disruption or total breakdown of the payment system creates for a large variety of societal actors and to increase insight in how their collaborative behaviour can be guided to be more resilient. This approach includes data from different types of data collections; workshop with high-level decisionmakers from involved sectors, interviews with citizens, representatives from the fuel, foods, and finance sectors, as well as experiences from 15 simulation game exercises with stakeholders. The triangulated and aggregated outcomes of the different data collections resulted in a set of recommendations on how to cope with disruptions in the card payment system.
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| 6. |
- Berggren, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Using a mixed-methods assessment approach in a gaming-simulation environment to increase resilience
- 2018
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 36th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics (ECCE 2018). - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450364492 ; , s. 1-4
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Critical infrastructures for fuel, food, transport and the payment system become inceasingly entangled. Disruptions in the payment system can quickly lead to cascading effects and even the responses of actors in the various sectors are interrelated, which can cause escalation if the collaborative responses are not well-aligned. Our contribution to the track of Human Factors and simulation discusses how gaming-simulation can be used as a training environment where groups of practitioners can learn to develop in-depth understanding of system behaviour (i.e. cascading effects of disruptions) and learn how to develop collaborative resilience across many different critical infrastructures. More specifically, our paper focuses on the development and application of a mixed-methods assessment approach in the simulation-game. The assessment method captures qualitative as well as quantitative aspects of resilience and team-work. It can be used to assess the value of our simulation-game and to increase insight in what collective resilience actually implies.
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| 7. |
- Bergsten, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Designing engaging computer based simulation games for increasing societal resilience to payment system
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2020 the 3rd International Conference on Computers in Management and Business (ICCMB 2020) Session - Computer and Mobile Technology. - New York : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450376778 ; , s. 166-172, s. 166-172
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large or lengthy disruptions to the card payment system are threats that can cause crisis in society, especially in countries where other payment options are scarce. This paper presents a study that provides suggestions on how to improve a simulation game used to increase societal resilience to payment system disruptions. Questionnaires and interviews have been used to investigate how 16 participant in crisis exercises experience realism, relevance and validity in such exercises. Suggestions on how to improve the simulation game are provided, such as improvements to the graphical interface and introducing supporting roles from the exercise management.
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| 8. |
- Jaber, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the observation protocol of the Team Resilience Assessment Method for Simulation (TRAMS)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Systems for Crisis Response And Management. - Valencia, Spain : ISCRAM. - 9788409104987 ; , s. 218-229
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work in progress paper presents an initial evaluation of the observation protocol of the Team Resilience Assessment Method for Simulation (TRAMS) conducted in a crisis response simulation project. TRAMS isdesigned to assess the resilience of crisis response teams. The TRAMS observation protocol uses six coreresilience functions from the Systemic Resilience Model as its theoretical foundation. Three independentobservers used the protocol during a pilot study and six actual simulation games. Strategies relating to three outof six core resilience functions could be identified. The observations made were distributed similarly among theobservers, indicating that the components of the TRAMS protocol are stable enough to continue developing theprotocol. This study describes changes made to the protocol since the original design, and describes how thestrategies relating to the six core resilience functions can be identified in the simulation games.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Empowering resilient crisis response training through purposefully designed boundary objects in a simulation-gaming exercise approach : Supporting ad-hoc team interaction
- 2021
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Ingår i: ECCE 2021. - New York, NY : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450387576 ; , s. 1-6
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on experiences of creating resilience-empowering simulation-gaming exercises concerning disruptions in the payment system. The aim of the exercises was to utilize gaming-simulation as a training environment where teams of practitioners can learn to develop in-depth understanding of systemic interaction (i.e., cascading effects of disruptions) and learn how to develop collaborative resilience across many different critical infrastructures. Interaction between different stakeholders in the payment system, such as business owners, banks, municipality crisis managers are considered as the foundation for building collaborative resilience. Designing the exercises in such a way that they encourage and support such interactions are therefore seen as a primary design goal. This paper describes lessons learned from the process of conducting the 17 exercises in terms of creating a well-balance simulation and an immersive experience.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Björn J. E., et al.
(författare)
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Crisis response during payment disruptions – the themes of TRAMS
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 17th ISCRAM Conference. - : Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management (ISCRAM). - 9781949373271 ; , s. 264-275
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A qualitative analysis of observation protocols and audio recordings from 14 crisis response exercises has been conducted revealing eight themes reoccurring in multi-disciplinary team discussions about crisis response to large disruptions to the card payment system. The themes were: Coordinate and collaborate, Payment options, Cash circulation, Fuel and transportation, Security, Inform, communicate and the media, Hoarding and rationing, and Vulnerable groups. The analysis suggest that Swedish society is vulnerable to disruptions in the card payment services, largely due to a low diversity in payment options, the lack of prepared back up solutions for payment, and insufficient cash flows to support a cash only scenario. A longer (several days) disruption in the card payment system will demand coordinating mechanisms for information management, available payment options, and preparedness for rapid establishment of cash flows. Today, these mechanisms do not exist. Simulation exercises with stake-holders are an important mean for increasing awareness about these vulnerabilities and the challenges associated with coping with them. © 2020 Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM. All rights reserved.
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