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| 2. |
- Moverare, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of IgE Antibodies to Recombinant Peanut Allergens in Patients with Reported Reactions to Peanut
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Archives of Allergy and Immunology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1018-2438 .- 1423-0097. ; 156:3, s. 282-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Peanut may cause severe reactions in allergic individuals. The objective was to evaluate IgE antibodies to various recombinant (r) peanut and birch pollen allergens in relation to IgE levels to whole peanut extract and severe allergic reactions to peanut. Methods: Seventy-four Swedish peanut-allergic patients (age: 14-61 years) reported previous peanut exposure and associated symptoms using a questionnaire. Their IgE reactivity to peanut, birch pollen and individual allergen components was analyzed using ImmunoCAP(R). Results: Of the 48 subjects sensitized to Ara h 1, 2 or 3, 60% had peanut-specific IgE levels >15 kU(A)/l, while 100% of the subjects without detectable IgE to these allergens had low peanut-specific IgE levels (<10 kU(A)/l). The levels of IgE to rAra h 8, rBet v 1 and birch pollen were highly correlated (r(S) = 0.94, p < 0.0001). Fifty-eight patients reported adverse reactions after accidental or deliberate peanut exposure (oral, inhalation or skin) of whom 41 had IgE to rAra h 1, 2 or 3. Symptoms of respiratory distress were associated with sensitization to Ara h 1, 2 or 3 (56 vs. 18%, p < 0.01). Two cases of anaphylaxis were reported among the individuals sensitized to Ara h 1-3. IgE to rAra h 8, rAra h 9, profilin or cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants were not associated with severe symptoms. Conclusions: The results indicate that IgE reactivity to Ara h 1, 2 and 3 is associated with severe reactions after exposure to peanut in Swedish patients.
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| 3. |
- Van Odijk, Jenny, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of eosinophil activation before and after food challenges in adults with food hypersensitivity
- 2006
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Ingår i: Int Arch Allergy Immunol. - : S. Karger AG. - 1018-2438 .- 1423-0097. ; 140:4, s. 334-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Objective assessment of inflammatory reactions in the gastrointestinal tract could be useful in the diagnosis of food hypersensitivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of eosinophils and mast cells in the inflammatory response of patients with food hypersensitivity before and after food challenges. METHODS: Eleven patients (4 with IgE-mediated allergy and 7 without) with food hypersensitivity and positive double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge were subjected to food challenge in a single-blinded fashion. Four subjects with no known food hypersensitivity were recruited as controls. Placebo was given after a 1-week washout period followed by an active dose. Stool, urinary and serum samples were collected and symptoms were recorded in a diary. Fecal samples were analyzed for eosinophil protein X (F-EPX) and tryptase; urinary samples for EPX (U-EPX) and leukotriene E4 (U-LTE4) and serum samples were analyzed for eotaxin and food-specific IgE antibodies. RESULTS: Patients with IgE-mediated food allergy had increased levels of F-EPX compared to controls and tended to have lower serum levels of eotaxin compared to non-allergic patients and controls. U-LTE4 was significantly higher in allergic patients compared to non-allergic patients after challenge. Moreover, F-EPX correlated to U-LTE4 (p = 0.011). Reported symptoms, abdominal pain, distension, flatulence and nausea were similar in the allergic and non-allergic patients. CONCLUSION: The results strongly indicate that eosinophils are activated in the gastrointestinal tract of food-allergic patients but not in patients with non-allergic food hypersensitivity. Due to the inconsistent pattern of symptoms after placebo and active food challenge, it was not possible to relate the levels of inflammation markers to the recorded symptoms.
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| 4. |
- Amberntsson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Atopic heredity modifies the association between maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and the risk of atopic disease in childhood: an observational study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The relationship between maternal vitamin D status in pregnancy and the development of atopic diseases in the offspring has been frequently studied, but with contradictory results. Previous studies have found an inverse relation between maternal vitamin D in pregnancy and the risk of atopic diseases in the child. In contrast, others have found a higher maternal 25OHD to be related to a higher risk of atopic diseases. Thus, the aim was to investigate the associations between maternal vitamin D status and intake in pregnancy with asthma, eczema and food allergies in the children up to 5 years. In addition, effect modification by reported atopic heredity was studied. Methods Participants in the GraviD study had 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) analyzed in serum in early (T1) and late (T3) pregnancy. Maternal dietary vitamin D intake was estimated from a short food frequency questionnaire and supplement use by questionnaires. At 5 years of age the child ' s history of asthma, eczema and food allergy, including atopic heredity, was reported by questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used. Results The cumulative incidence of asthma was 13%, eczema 22%, and food allergy 18%. Only among children without reported atopic heredity, maternal 25OHD of 50-75 nmol/L in T1 was associated with lower odds of asthma (OR 0.271, 95% CI 0.127-0.580), compared to maternal 25OHD > 75 nmol/L. Additionally in these children, maternal 25OHD in T3 (continuous) was associated with asthma (OR 1.014, 95% CI 1.002-1.009), and dietary vitamin D intake with eczema (OR 1.141, 95% CI 1.011-1.288). Conclusions Among children without reported atopic heredity, higher maternal vitamin D status and intake during pregnancy was associated with increased risk of reported atopic disease.
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| 5. |
- Brekke, Hilde Kristin, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Breastfeeding and introduction of solid foods in Swedish infants: the All Babies in Southeast Sweden study.
- 2005
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Ingår i: The British journal of nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 94:3, s. 377-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this report is to describe breastfeeding duration and introduction of foods in Swedish infants born 1997-9, in relation to current recommendations. A secondary aim is to examine breastfeeding duration and introduction of certain allergenic foods in allergy-risk families (for whom allergy-preventive advice has been issued). Out of 21,700 invited infants, screening questionnaires were completed for 16,070 infants after delivery. Parents to 11,081 infants completed a follow-up questionnaire regarding breastfeeding and introduction of foods and 9849 handed in detailed food diaries at 1 year of age. The percentages of infants who were exclusively breast-fed at 3, 6 and >or=9 months of age were 78.4, 10.1 and 3.9, respectively. The corresponding percentages for partial breastfeeding were 87.8, 68.9 and 43.6. Gluten-containing foods were introduced to 66% of infants between 4 and 6 months, as recommended at the time of the study, and one-quarter had stopped breastfeeding when gluten was introduced. More than 90% of parents introduced the first sample of solid food during months 4-6, as recommended. Fish and eggs had been introduced during the first year in 43% and 29%, respectively, of infants with atopic heredity. Exclusive breastfeeding duration and time of introduction of solid foods, including gluten, seemed to have been in line with Swedish recommendations at the time, although gluten was often introduced late, and not during ongoing breastfeeding as recommended. The adherence to allergy-preventive advice was less than optimal in infants with atopic heredity.
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| 6. |
- Brekke, Hilde Kristin, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors and dietary consequences of frequent intake of high-sugar, low-nutrient foods in 1-year-old children participating in the ABIS study.
- 2007
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Ingår i: The British journal of nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 97:1, s. 176-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Foods rich in sugar have been suggested to contribute to the increasing prevalence of obesity in children. The aim of this report is to investigate the dietary pattern in 1-year-old children who frequently receive foods rich in sugar but low in nutrients and to study associated demographic and parental factors. During 1977-9, 21,700 infants were invited to participate in this prospective, population-based, longitudinal cohort study. Screening questionnaires were completed for 16,070 infants after delivery. Follow-up questionnaires from 10,762 children at 1 year of age are included in the analysis. It was found that 24% of the children received sweets/pastries more often than one or two times per week. They had a higher intake of French fries, potato crisps and cream as well as a lower intake of fruit and vegetables. A frequent intake of sugar-rich, low-nutrient foods was significantly associated with several maternal factors (high intake of sweets/pastries during pregnancy, young age, mother living alone) as well as presence of older siblings. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal overweight were of borderline significance. Parental education level was inversely associated with the frequency of intake of sweets/pastries in the child. Children who frequently receive sweets/pastries also have an otherwise unfavourable dietary pattern. Several parental and demographic factors were associated with this feeding pattern, especially high intake of sweets/pastries during pregnancy. Screening of pregnant women for risk predictors like consumption of sweets/pastries, young age and smoking could be possible ways of identifying children at future risk for low dietary quality.
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| 7. |
- Mikkelsen, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Do parents follow breastfeeding and weaning recommendations given by the pediatric nurses? A study with emphasis on introduction of cow’s milk protein in allergy risk families.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of pediatric Health Care. ; 21, s. 238-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to retrospectively examine weaning practices during the first year of life in a representative sample of Swedish children and how parents with a history of atopy introduced milk protein in their infant's diet. METHODS: Data were derived from 467 infants visiting Child Health Centers in three different counties in Sweden for a health check up at 12 months of age. RESULTS: The children were breastfed for an average of 7 months (range, 0.2-15 months), and 18% were still breastfed at the age of 12 months. Few infants had received solid food before the age of 4 months (6%) or after the age of 6 months (12%). Cow's milk protein was introduced in disagreement with the current recommendation for children at risk of developing atopy. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding and weaning recommendations seem to be followed by most families. The creation of routines for the distribution of information concerning weaning foods should be encouraged in order to reach families with special needs; otherwise, implementation of current recommendations and preventive strategies will be less useful.
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| 8. |
- Minter, Maria, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Gender Differences in Vitamin D Status and Determinants of Vitamin D Insufficiency in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nutrients. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6643. ; 15:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low vitamin D levels are common in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and have been associated with various adverse COPD-related outcomes. Recent data on vitamin D status in representative COPD cohorts in Scandinavia is lacking. This study aimed to assess vitamin D status and determinants of vitamin D insufficiency in patients with COPD who were attending a specialist secondary care COPD clinic in Southwestern Sweden. All patients who visited the COPD clinic for their first medical visit during two periods, 2017-2018 and 2021, were included in this observational study. Measurements of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), clinical data and documentation of supplements containing vitamin D were collected retrospectively from patients' medical records. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify determinants of the primary outcome, vitamin D insufficiency (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L). A total of 667 patients were included, and 33% had vitamin D insufficiency. The median 25(OH)D was 62 nmol/L (43.5-83.1 nmol/L). Vitamin D insufficiency was related to the male gender, current smoking habits, a lack of supplements containing vitamin D and the winter season for blood sampling. In conclusion, vitamin D insufficiency is common in patients with COPD. Men had significantly lower levels of vitamin D but took vitamin D-containing supplements less frequently compared to women. Our findings can help clinicians to identify patients who are at risk of vitamin D insufficiency and allow correction with supplementation where appropriate.
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| 9. |
- Minter, Maria, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin D Status and Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - A Prospective Observational Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. - 1178-2005. ; 19, s. 1291-1302
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Alterations in body weight and composition are common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are independent predictors for morbidity and mortality. Low vitamin D status is also more prevalent in patients with COPD compared to controls and has been related to lower lung function, muscle atrophy and impaired musculoskeletal function. This study aimed to evaluate the association between vitamin D levels and status with body composition (BC), as well as with its changes over time. Patients and Methods: Patients with COPD and controls without COPD, participating in the Individualized COPD Evaluation in relation to Ageing (ICE-Age) study, a prospective observational study, were included. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured at baseline and BC was measured by dual -energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, at baseline and after two years of follow-up. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess the relationships between 25(OH)D (nmol/l) and longitudinal changes in BMI, fat -free mass index (FFMI), fat mas index (FMI) and bone mineral density (BMD). Results: A total of 192 patients with COPD (57% males, mean +/- SD age, 62 +/- 7, FEV1, 49 +/- 16% predicted) and 199 controls (45% males, mean +/- SD age 61 +/- 7) were included in this study. Vitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients with COPD (64 +/- 26 nmol/L, 95% CI 60-68 nmol/L versus 75 +/- 25 nmol/L, 95% CI 72-79 nmol/L) compared to controls. Both patients and controls presented a significant decline in FFMI and T -score hip, but vitamin D level or status did not determine differences in BC or changes in BC over time in either COPD or controls. Conclusion: Vitamin D status was not associated with BC or longitudinal changes in BC. However, vitamin D insufficiency and low BMD were more prevalent in patients with COPD compared to controls.
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