| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- van Bragt, JJMH, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and treatment regimens across ERS SHARP severe asthma registries
- 2020
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 55:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the characteristics and treatments of patients with severe asthma across Europe, but both are likely to vary. This is the first study in the European Respiratory Society Severe Heterogeneous Asthma Research collaboration, Patient-centred (SHARP) Clinical Research Collaboration and it is designed to explore these variations. Therefore, we aimed to compare characteristics of patients in European severe asthma registries and treatments before starting biologicals.This was a cross-sectional retrospective analysis of aggregated data from 11 national severe asthma registries that joined SHARP with established patient databases.Analysis of data from 3236 patients showed many differences in characteristics and lifestyle factors. Current smokers ranged from 0% (Poland and Sweden) to 9.5% (Belgium), mean body mass index ranged from 26.2 (Italy) to 30.6 kg·m−2 (the UK) and the largest difference in mean pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s % predicted was 20.9% (the Netherlands versus Hungary). Before starting biologicals patients were treated differently between countries: mean inhaled corticosteroid dose ranged from 700 to 1335 µg·day−1 between those from Slovenia versus Poland when starting anti-interleukin (IL)-5 antibody and from 772 to 1344 µg·day−1 in those starting anti-IgE (Slovenia versus Spain). Maintenance oral corticosteroid use ranged from 21.0% (Belgium) to 63.0% (Sweden) and from 9.1% (Denmark) to 56.1% (the UK) in patients starting anti-IL-5 and anti-IgE, respectively.The severe asthmatic population in Europe is heterogeneous and differs in both clinical characteristics and treatment, often appearing not to comply with the current European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guidelines definition of severe asthma. Treatment regimens before starting biologicals were different from inclusion criteria in clinical trials and varied between countries.
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| 3. |
- Funck-Brentano, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of order and type of drug (bisoprolol vs. enalapril) on outcome and adverse events in patients with chronic heart failure: a post hoc analysis of the CIBIS-III trial
- 2011
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Ingår i: European Journal of Heart Failure. - : Wiley. - 1879-0844 .- 1388-9842. ; 13:7, s. 765-772
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) and beta-blockers are associated with improved outcome in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). In this post hoc analysis of the CIBIS III trial, we examined the influence of the order of drug administration on clinical events and achieved dose. We also assessed the relations between dose levels and baseline variables or adverse events. Methods and results In the CIBIS III trial, 1010 patients (mean age: 72.4 years; mean ejection fraction: 28.8%; male: 68.2%) with stable CHF were randomized to up-titration of monotherapy with either bisoprolol (target dose 10 mg o.d.) or enalapril (target dose 10 mg b.i.d.) for 6 months, followed by their combination for 6-24 months. Endpoints were mortality or all-cause hospitalization, mortality alone and mortality or cardiovascular hospitalization. The study drug (ACE-I or beta-blocker) was last prescribed at >= 50% of target dose to significantly more patients for the first initiated drug in both treatment groups (both P < 0.001). Sixty per cent of endpoints were reached during the monotherapy phase and randomized treatment during monotherapy was not a predictor of the three assessed outcomes. Monotherapy phase was the strongest independent predictor of outcome (P < 0.0001 for all endpoints). Older age, NYHA class III, impaired renal function, lower body weight and blood pressure at baseline, and hypotension, bradycardia and heart failure during treatment were associated with the inability to reach high dose of both study drugs. Conclusion The order of drug administration plays an important role in whether CHF patients reach target doses of bisoprolol and enalapril. For both study drugs, the dose level reached was associated with baseline characteristics and adverse events. In CHF patients not treated with an ACE-I or a beta-blocker, the duration of monotherapy with either type of drug should be shorter than 6 months.
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| 4. |
- Van de Ven, Louis L. M., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of treatment with bisoprolol-first versus enalapril-first on cardiac structure and function in heart failure
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273. ; 144:1, s. 59-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In CIBIS III, initiating chronic heart failure (CHF) treatment with bisoprolol (target dose 10 mg q.d.) followed by combination therapy with enalapril (target dose 10 mg b.i.d.), compared to the opposite order, showed similar effects on survival and hospitalization. By echocardiography, we evaluated the effects of these treatment strategies on cardiac structure and function. Methods: In a single-centre substudy, we compared the impact on left ventricular (LV) dimensions and ejection fraction (EF) of treatment with bisoprolol-first (n = 21) and enalapril-first (n = 19) in 40 beta-blocker and angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitor naive patients, with stable, mild or moderate CHF (NYHA II-III) and LVEF <= 35%. Echocardiography was performed at baseline, after the 6-month monotherapy phase and after 12 months, i.e. after 6 months combination therapy. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar across treatment groups. After 6 months LVEF increased by 5.1 +/- 4.0 EF-% (P<0.0001) with Bisoprolol and 4.0 +/- 4.0 EF-% (P = 0.0005), with enalapril (between-group P = 0.47). LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) decreased by 8.1 +/- 4.7 ml (P<0.0001) with bisoprolol and by 4.6 +/- 8.2 ml (P = 0.03) with enalapril (between-group P = 0.16). Mean wall thickness (WT) decreased by 0.31 +/- 0.43 mm (P = 0.004) with bisoprolol and by 0.18 +/- 0.48 mm (P = 0.11) with enalapril (between-group P = 0.29). From baseline to 12 months, LVEF increased by 7.5 +/- 4.0 EF-% (P<0.0001) in Bisoprolol first group and 6.0 +/- 4.6 EF-% (P<0.0001), in the enalapril first group (between-group P = 0.31). LVEDV decreased by 12.9 +/- 6.3 ml (P<0.0001) with bisoprolol-first and by 7.9 +/- 7.7 ml (P = 0.0006) with enalapril-first (between-group P = 0.16) and WT decreased by 0.38 +/- 0.44 mm (P = 0.0008) and 0.59 +/- 0.54 mm (P = 0.0004), respectively (between-group P = 0.10). Conclusion: During both monotherapy and combined therapy, bisoprolol-first and enalapril-first similarly reversed cardiac remodelling and improved LVEF. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Willenheimer, Ronnie, et al.
(författare)
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Effect on Survival and Hospitalization of Initiating Treatment for Chronic Heart Failure With Bisoprolol Followed by Enalapril, as Compared With the Opposite Sequence. Results of the Randomized Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study (CIBIS) III.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 1524-4539. ; 112:16, s. 2426-2435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background - In patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), a beta-blocker is generally added to a regimen containing an angiotensin-converting-enzyme ( ACE) inhibitor. It is unknown whether beta-blockade as initial therapy may be as useful. Methods and Results - We randomized 1010 patients with mild to moderate CHF and left ventricular ejection fraction <= 35%, who were not receiving ACE inhibitor, beta-blocker, or angiotensin receptor blocker therapy, to open-label monotherapy with either bisoprolol ( target dose 10 mg QD; n = 505) or enalapril ( target dose 10 mg BID; n = 505) for 6 months, followed by their combination for 6 to 24 months. The 2 strategies were blindly compared with regard to the combined primary end point of all-cause mortality or hospitalization and with regard to each of these end point components individually. Bisoprolol-first treatment was noninferior to enalapril-first treatment if the upper limit of the ;95% confidence interval (CI) for the absolute between-group difference was < 5%, corresponding to a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.17. In the intention-to-treat sample, the primary end point occurred in 178 patients allocated to bisoprolol-first treatment versus 186 allocated to enalapril-first treatment ( absolute difference - 1.6%, 95% CI - 7.6 to 4.4%, HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.77 to 1.16). In the per-protocol sample, 163 patients allocated to bisoprolol-first treatment had a primary end point, versus 165 allocated to enalapril-first treatment ( absolute difference - 0.7%, 95% CI - 6.6 to 5.1%, HR 0.97; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.21). With bisoprolol-first treatment, 65 patients died, versus 73 with enalapril-first treatment ( HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.63 to 1.22), and 151 versus 157 patients were hospitalized ( HR 0.95; 95% CI 0.76 to 1.19). Conclusion - Although noninferiority of bisoprolol-first versus enalapril-first treatment was not proven in the per-protocol analysis, our results indicate that it may be as safe and efficacious to initiate treatment for CHF with bisoprolol as with enalapril.
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