| 1. |
- van der Vleuten, Maaike, et al.
(författare)
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Same-Sex Couples’ Division of Labor from a Cross-National Perspective
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of GLBT Family Studies. - 1550-428X .- 1550-4298. ; 17:2, s. 150-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study concerns how male and female same-sex couples across countries organize their paid and household labor. Using unique data compiled from multiple national surveys in 7 western countries (N = 723), we examined same-sex couples’ paid and household task allocation and evaluate descriptively how this is associated with countries’ gender egalitarianism. For paid labor, results indicate that female same-sex couples spend less time in total on paid employment than male same-sex couples, but both male and female same-sex couples divide their hours of paid employment equally. For household labor, we find that female couples divide their household tasks more equally than male couples. Moreover, more gender egalitarian countries appear to be correlated to increasing differences between male and female same-sex couples’ total time spent on the labor market and to decreasing differences in how equal they divide their household labor. These findings suggest that larger, society-wide, gender regimes might be an important avenue for future research when studying same-sex couples paid and unpaid labor.
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| 2. |
- Fodor, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Gender Differences in Quality of Life
- 2011
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Ingår i: Quality of Life and Work in Europe Theory, Practice and Policy. - Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9780230235113 ; , s. 149-161
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Hagqvist, Emma, 1980-
(författare)
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The juggle and struggle of everyday life. Gender, division of work, work-family perceptions and well-being in different policy contexts.
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background This thesis explores the division of work, work-family perceptions and well-being in different policy contexts. Work (both paid and unpaid) is an arena where gender order is emphasised. Work task specialisation is often based on our ideas of femininity and masculinity. A gender order results in different chances and possibilities in life for men and women, influencing for example access to paid work. Genders are constructed differently across contexts, and countries policies and norms seem to play an important role in for instance the possibilities to combine work and children. Also, gender is important for the understanding and for the experiences of health and well-being. Two main research question are investigated in this thesis. First, how do gendered work division and work-family perceptions relate to well-being? Second, what are the contextual differences (policies and norms) with regard to gendered time use, gender attitude, work-family perceptions and well-being? Methods The thesis is based on data from three sources: the European Social Survey (ESS), the International Social Survey programme (ISSP) and Multinational Time Use Data (MTUS). With these sources, the aim is to capture patterns of behaviours, attitudes and perceptions on both individual level and national level. The methods used are logistic regression (Study I), OLS regression (Study III) and two different types of multilevel analyses (Studies II and IV). Results The results indicate that work-family perceptions are more important for individuals' well-being than actual time spent on paid and unpaid work. Further, the relationship between experiences of imbalance between work and family and low well-being differs by country. In countries where labour markets are more gender-equal the experience of imbalance to a higher degree relate to lower well-being, indicating that those who do experience imbalance in these gender-equal countries report lower levels of well-being than in countries which are less gender-equal. There have been changes in division of work and attitudes towards women's employment over the last few decades. Institutions and policies play a role for the division of work, and to some extent for changes in work task specialisation, as well as attitudes towards women's employment. Conclusion Central findings in this thesis show that it seems as if the experience of balance in life is more important for individuals' well-being than time use. The context in which gender is constructed is important for the relationship between paid work and family life imbalance and well-being and should be taken into consideration in cross-country studies. The fact that individuals in more gender-equal countries report lower well-being when experiencing imbalance could be a result of the multiple burden for both men and women in more gender-equal contexts. Also, the role of context and policies for attitudes and behaviours in relation to work is complex, and although this thesis adds to previous knowledge more research is needed. From a gender perspective the conclusion is that there are dual expectations in relation to work. In more gender-equal countries, women are expected to be equal to men by participating in the labour market. Meanwhile women still have the main responsibility for the home. Thus, it seems as if the equality of work is based on a masculine norm where paid work is highly valued.
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| 4. |
- Jaspers, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Gender inequality, households, and work
- 2022
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Ingår i: Handbook of Sociological Science. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781789909425 - 9781789909432 ; , s. 176-195
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The division of labor between household partners is a core topic in family sociology. Although rising divorce rates, closing gender gaps in education, family policies for fathers, and increases in female labor force participation have levelled the playing field for men and women, we observe consistent and stubborn patterns of unequal divisions of labor within heterosexual couples across the globe. In fact, this is an example of a well-established empirical regularity that rigorous sociology aims to explain (see Jackson’s chapter on sociology as a population science in this Handbook on such regu-larities as well as the chapter by Raub, De Graaf & Gërxhani on rigorous sociology for a more general discussion). When it comes to achieving gender equality between male and female household partners, progress has been painstakingly slow. Women’s finan-cial independence is hindered when they specialize in household duties. They still spend considerably more time on unpaid labor, and men spend more time in the labor market throughout the world (Fuwa 2004; McMunn et al. 2020). Minimal differences at the onset of a relationship may, over time, lead to strong divisions between partners (Grunow et al. 2012; Rothstein 2012; Vink 2020). Unpaid labor comprises both domes-tic duties and childcare. For domestic duties such as cleaning and washing, patterns have been much more stubborn than for childcare (Treas & Drobnič 2010). Fathers increased their time in childcare significantly over the last few decades, but mothers hardly decreased theirs (Craig et al. 2014). Women on average have less leisure time than men, and their total combined work hours often exceed those of men. Due to their further responsibilities and associated time pressure, women also tend to experience a lower quality of leisure than men (Henderson & Gibson 2013; Yerkes et al. 2020, but see Bittman & Wajcman 2000 for a different perspective).In this chapter, we provide an overview of the explanations that have been offered to understand the unequal division of labor; that is, the differences not in total time, but in time spent in paid and unpaid labor. We start with an overview of the three main theo-retical mechanisms, and empirical findings on the micro-level in the section on micro-level explanations, before we turn to the contextual level in the section on contextual explana-tions. We pay particular attention to different key mechanisms that could be driving the division of labor, and how contextual level influences relate to these mechanisms. In doing so, we adopt the general perspective on micro-macro links in rigorous sociology.Despite a huge amount of research on these topics, however, we seem only marginally closer to understanding the division of labor. In the section on new directions we there-fore discuss recent theoretical and empirical progress that has been made by studying atypical heterosexual couples and same-sex couples. Analyzing these couples may provide a new perspective and better insight in mechanisms underlying the division of labor overall. Finally, we consider pressing open questions in relation to understanding the division of labor as well as avenues for future rigorous research.
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| 5. |
- Lane, Linda, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Competing Demands: Work and Child Well-being
- 2011
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Ingår i: Quality of Life and Work in Europe, Theory, Practice and Policy. - Basingstoke, Hampshire UK : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9780230235113 ; , s. 135-148
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Nivette, Amy E., et al.
(författare)
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A global analysis of the impact of COVID-19 stay-at-home restrictions on crime
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2397-3374. ; 5, s. 868-877
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The implementation of COVID-19 stay-at-home policies was associated with a considerable drop in urban crime in 27 cities across 23 countries. More stringent restrictions over movement in public space were predictive of larger declines in crime. The stay-at-home restrictions to control the spread of COVID-19 led to unparalleled sudden change in daily life, but it is unclear how they affected urban crime globally. We collected data on daily counts of crime in 27 cities across 23 countries in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Asia. We conducted interrupted time series analyses to assess the impact of stay-at-home restrictions on different types of crime in each city. Our findings show that the stay-at-home policies were associated with a considerable drop in urban crime, but with substantial variation across cities and types of crime. Meta-regression results showed that more stringent restrictions over movement in public space were predictive of larger declines in crime.
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| 7. |
- Settersten, Richard A., et al.
(författare)
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Understanding the effects of Covid-19 through a life course lens
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advances in Life Course Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1040-2608. ; 45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Covid-19 pandemic is shaking fundamental assumptions about the human life course in societies around the world. In this essay, we draw on our collective expertise to illustrate how a life course perspective can make critical contributions to understanding the pandemic's effects on individuals, families, and populations. We explore the pandemic's implications for the organization and experience of life transitions and trajectories within and across central domains: health, personal control and planning, social relationships and family, education, work and careers, and migration and mobility. We consider both the life course implications of being infected by the Covid-19 virus or attached to someone who has; and being affected by the pandemic's social, economic, cultural, and psychological consequences. It is our goal to offer some programmatic observations on which life course research and policies can build as the pandemic's short- and long-term consequences unfold.
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| 8. |
- van der Lippe, Tanja, et al.
(författare)
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Data and Methods
- 2011
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Ingår i: Quality of life and work in Europe; Theory, Practice and Policy, Margareta Bäck-Wiklund, Tanja van der Lippe, Laura den Dulk, Anneke Doorne-Huiskes (eds.). - Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9780230235113 ; , s. 55-74
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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