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| 2. |
- Hossain, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Strategic approach for up-scaling safe water access considering hydrogeological suitability and social mapping in Matlab, southeastern Bangladesh
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, there has been a significant progress in understanding the source and mobilization process, sediment-water interactions, and distributions of arsenic in groundwater environment in Bangladesh. However, the impacts of arsenic mitigation are still very limited. A social survey conducted during 2009-2011 in 96 villages in Matlab revealed that only 18% of total tubewells provide As-safe water. The safe water access also varied between 0 and 90 percent in the region due to lack of knowledge about the local geology and unplanned tubewell development. SASMIT, an initiative of KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group has developed a method for safe tubewell installation considering hydrogeological suitability, safe water access and other relevant social and demographic information into account.Piezometers installed at 15 locations over an area of 410 km2, using local boring techniques allowed to delineate the hydrostratigraphy, characterize the aquifers in terms of sediment characteristics, water chemistry and hydraulic head distribution, which ultimately led to the identification of the suitable aquifers for tapping safe water. The piezometer locations with safe drinking water quality were then targeted for safe well installation based on the determination of safe buffer distances in a cluster of a few villages (mouzas). Social mapping of all the villages within the mauzas were done using GIS to evaluate the availability of safe water options for a cluster of households (bari). For safe well installations, priority was given to regions with safe water access, greater number of beneficiaries especially in poor households, and easy access to the site from a cluster of households. Through this approach, it was thus possible to make 95% of the newly installed wells As-safe thus scaled up the safe water access upto 40% in some mauzas. Thus the as a strategy to improve safe water access, the SASMIT study recommends investigating the hydrogeological suitability through installation of few piezometers with a minimum effort and based on the results the implementation plan can be made using GIS based social mappings for relatively uniform distribution and to maximize the safe water access.
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| 3. |
- Hossain, M., et al.
(författare)
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Potentiality of intermediate depth aquifer as a source of arsenic and manganese safe tubewells in Bangladesh
- 2012
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Ingår i: Understanding the Geological and Medical Interface of Arsenic, As 2012 - 4th International Congress: Arsenic in the Environment. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 9780415637633 ; , s. 71-73
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shallow tubewells excepting those installed in red/off-white sediments are mostly contaminated with high arsenic. Social survey conducted in 96 villages of Matlab, a worse-affected area of Bangladesh, reveals that only 18% of tubewells provide As-safe water. In such a condition, high Manganese in many wells is found to be an additional problem. Based on monitoring in depth-specific piezometers, drinking water wells were installed in intermediate depth aquifer around 120 m. Ninety percent of the wells installed in light grey medium sand, had arsenic concentrations below the Bangladesh standard of 50 ÎŒg/L and manganese was within the previous WHO guideline (0.4 mg/L). Availability of similar sand over this depth range could be targeted by local drillers to tap safe water at a reasonable cost. Replication trials and periodical monitoring are emphasized for validation and sustainability.
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| 8. |
- Onabolu, B., et al.
(författare)
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Integrating policy, system strengthening, research and harmonized services delivery for scaling up drinking water safety in Bangladesh
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Arsenic in a ChangingWorld - 7th International Congress and Exhibition Arsenic in the Environment, 2018. - London : CRC Press/Balkema. - 9781138486096 ; , s. 535-537
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The WASH Sector Development Plan (2011–2025) recognizes the absence of harmonized approaches as the root challenge to scaling up drinking water safety in Bangladesh. UNICEF is supporting the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) through the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) and Policy Support Branch to re-engineer its approach to drinking water safety by integrating policy, systems strengthening & sustainable services delivery at national and sub-national levels. Some of the key contributions to the sector include the implementation of the UNICEF-DPHE Arsenic Safe Union model with the declaration of 106 Arsenic Safe Villages, reduction in arsenic contamination rates of new tubewells, a system for preventing elite capture of water points, and the adoption of the ASU model in a $240 million arsenic mitigation drinking water project using domestic resources. Relatedly, a Policy Support Branch has been established, the sector coordination mechanisms revised, WASH bottleneck analysis is ongoing & the National Implementation Plan on Arsenic has been reviewed: Next steps include the professionalisation of drilling by local drillers through a partnership with KTH, Sweden, the GoB and UNICEF.
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| 9. |
- Bhattacharya, Prosun, et al.
(författare)
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Groundwater arsenic pollution : A conceptual framework for sustainable mitigation strategy
- 2014
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Ingår i: One Century of the Discovery of Arsenicosis in Latin America (1914-2014). - : CRC Press. - 9781138001411 ; , s. 881-885
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tubewells installed by local drillers, provide access of drinking water in rural Bangladesh. Significant proportion of these wells contains arsenic (As) above the WHO guideline and the Bangladesh Drinking Water Standard. Various attempts for mitigation at household and community scale have resulted in limited success, but through the local driller's initiatives, the tubewells are the source of priority drinking water supply. We have developed a concept of Sustainable Arsenic Mitigation (SASMIT) to identify and target the safe aquifers through detailed hydrogeological studies for scientific validation of the water quality with respect to the color of the shallow sediments as perceived by local drillers. Together with water quality monitoring, we have also targeted the Intermediate Depth Aquifers (IDA) for providing As-safe and low manganese (Mn) water. SASMIT intervention logic also considered the relevant socio-economic scenario, such as household distribution, poverty issues and available safe water access for prioritizing safe well installation.
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| 10. |
- Hossain, Mohammed Mojahidul, et al.
(författare)
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Enhancing the capacity of local drillers for installing arsenic-safe drinking water wells—experience from Matlab, Bangladesh
- 2016
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Ingår i: Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability - Proceedings of the 6th International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment, AS 2016. - : CRC Press. ; , s. 630-631
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nearly 90% of the estimated 10 million tubewells in Bangladesh are installed privately by local drillers for rural drinking water supplies in Bangladesh. The awareness of local drillers on elevated Arsenic (As) concentrations in tubewell water at shallow depths have made them change their practice of installation of tubewells. Using the visual color attributes of the shallow sediments (<100 m) and content of dissolved iron, generally associated with high As concentrations, the local drillers presently install community tubewells at depths targeting red/brownish or off-white sediments. This study recognizes the local tubewell drillers as important stakeholder in the business of tubewell installation. A Sediment Color Tool has been developed to enhance the local driller’s capacity to identify the As-safe aquifers that would bring significant change to reduce As exposure and scale-up safe water access in rural Bangladesh.
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