| 1. |
- Böhm, M., et al.
(författare)
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The conservation status of the world’s freshwater molluscs
- 2021
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Ingår i: Hydrobiologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-8158 .- 1573-5117. ; 848, s. 3231-3254
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the biodiversity crisis continuing unchecked, we need to establish levels and drivers of extinction risk, and reassessments over time, to effectively allocate conservation resources and track progress towards global conservation targets. Given that threat appears particularly high in freshwaters, we assessed the extinction risk of 1428 randomly selected freshwater molluscs using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, as part of the Sampled Red List Index project. We show that close to one-third of species in our sample are estimated to be threatened with extinction, with highest levels of threat in the Nearctic, Palearctic and Australasia and among gastropods. Threat levels were higher in lotic than lentic systems. Pollution (chemical and physical) and the modification of natural systems (e.g. through damming and water abstraction) were the most frequently reported threats to freshwater molluscs, with some regional variation. Given that we found little spatial congruence between species richness patterns of freshwater molluscs and other freshwater taxa, apart from crayfish, new additional conservation priority areas emerged from our study. We discuss the implications of our findings for freshwater mollusc conservation, the adequacy of a sampled approach and important next steps to estimate trends in freshwater mollusc extinction risk over time. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, G., et al.
(författare)
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Arthropod populations in a sub-arctic environment facing climate change over a half-century: variability but no general trend
- 2022
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Ingår i: Insect Conservation and Diversity. - : Wiley. - 1752-458X .- 1752-4598. ; 15:5, s. 534-542
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dramatic declines of some arthropod populations have recently received a lot of attention. Identified declines have mainly been attributed to changes in agriculture, climate, pathogen prevalence and light pollution, as well as cross-regional effects of, e.g., drifting pesticides. However, the overall picture is complex and debated, and there is a need for systematically collected long-term data, not least from areas relatively unaffected by humans. We monitored the abundance of arthropods (mainly insects) in subalpine birch forest in Swedish Lapland over a period of 53 years (1968-2020), in an area comparatively unaffected by human activities. Arthropod abundance was assessed by yearly systematic counts on 24,000 birch shoots, in the second half of June. Animals were categorised into 17 different groups directly upon counting, dependent on taxonomy and life stage (imago, larva). Overall, there was no significant change in arthropod numbers. Nor did estimates of the total biomass of arthropods (using group-specific indices of the mass of individuals) show any significant trend. Accordingly, there are no signs that the arthropod abundance or biomass on birch in this subarctic study site has gone through the same declines as have been reported from sites in other habitats. The reason may be that the impact of factors identified worldwide as drivers of arthropod declines so far are small or non-existent because of the low human population density in this area.
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| 3. |
- Bakker, F. T., et al.
(författare)
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The Global Museum: natural history collections and the future of evolutionary science and public education
- 2020
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Ingår i: PeerJ. - : PeerJ. - 2167-8359. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural history museums are unique spaces for interdisciplinary research and educational innovation. Through extensive exhibits and public programming and by hosting rich communities of amateurs, students, and researchers at all stages of their careers, they can provide a place-based window to focus on integration of science and discovery, as well as a locus for community engagement. At the same time, like a synthesis radio telescope, when joined together through emerging digital resources, the global community of museums (the 'Global Museum') is more than the sum of its parts, allowing insights and answers to diverse biological, environmental, and societal questions at the global scale, across eons of time, and spanning vast diversity across the Tree of Life. We argue that, whereas natural history collections and museums began with a focus on describing the diversity and peculiarities of species on Earth, they are now increasingly leveraged in new ways that significantly expand their impact and relevance. These new directions include the possibility to ask new, often interdisciplinary questions in basic and applied science, such as in biomimetic design, and by contributing to solutions to climate change, global health and food security challenges. As institutions, they have long been incubators for cutting-edge research in biology while simultaneously providing core infrastructure for research on present and future societal needs. Here we explore how the intersection between pressing issues in environmental and human health and rapid technological innovation have reinforced the relevance of museum collections. We do this by providing examples as food for thought for both the broader academic community and museum scientists on the evolving role of museums. We also identify challenges to the realization of the full potential of natural history collections and the Global Museum to science and society and discuss the critical need to grow these collections. We then focus on mapping and modelling of museum data (including place-based approaches and discovery), and explore the main projects, platforms and databases enabling this growth. Finally, we aim to improve relevant protocols for the long-term storage of specimens and tissues, ensuring proper connection with tomorrow's technologies and hence further increasing the relevance of natural history museums.
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| 4. |
- Berggren, Matz S., 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Invasion routes, current and historical distribution of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853) in Sweden.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Aquatic Invasions. - 1818-5487. ; 5:4, s. 387-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single specimens of the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne Edwards, 1853, have been regularly reported along the western and eastern coasts of Sweden since the 1930´s. The crab has most likely been brought from overseas via the transfer of ship’s ballast water or secondarily introduced from its key European distribution areas. Since 2001 a sharp increase in the occurrence of the mitten crab has been noticed in Swedish inland waters, but the dispersal routes and distribution of the species into Sweden remain poorly known. Here we document the current and historical distribution of the Chinese mitten crab in Sweden and assess possible invasion routes. A special focus is put on the historical occurrence of crabs in Lake Vänern, which empties into the Skagerrak/North Sea and Lake Mälaren, which connects to the Baltic Sea. The existing time series available for the mitten crab from the two lakes shows a large variation in dispersal pattern between different areas within each lake. In order to detect and monitor outbreaks of the mitten crab in Sweden, an internet based reporting system was created in 2007. Museum collections and reports from the general public throughout Sweden were compared with the known occurrence of mitten crabs in Lake Vänern and Lake Mälaren. During the study, the web-based reporting system was not advertised and the general public did not get paid for reporting the information. Population densities of the crab occurred “in peaks” and unevenly over the last decade in both lakes, suggesting a pulse invasion instead of a constant supply by migration. Significant difference in male and female occurrence together with few transport possibilities between lakes suggests different invasion routes for the crabs. Reports from the general public throughout Sweden coincide with the observations from local fishermen in Lake Mälaren and Lake Vänern. Data on occurrence and abundance are discussed in relation to a potential reproduction area on the western coast of Sweden.
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| 5. |
- Berggren, Matz S., 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Kräftgång för Ullhandskrabban
- 2010
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Ingår i: Fauna & Flora. - 0014-8903. ; 105:3, s. 12-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Götmark, Frank, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Are small sedentary species affected by habitat fragmentation? Local vs. landscape factors predicting species richness and composition of land molluscs in Swedish conservation forests
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 0305-0270. ; 35:6, s. 1062-1076
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim To investigate the relative role of local versus landscape factors for local species diversity of snails and slugs in conservation forests. In landscapes with small, isolated patches of semi-natural habitats, many species that require large habitat areas have disappeared or are threatened. We asked whether small sedentary taxa that depend on local conditions, such as molluscs, are affected if total habitat area decreases in the landscape. Location Temperate broadleaved and oak-rich forest in southern Sweden. Methods We sampled molluscs in 25 small conservation forests that are well-spaced out over a large region. In each forest, sampling was conducted in two plots, each of 1 ha, separated by about 25–100 m. Factors potentially influencing local diversity of molluscs were measured in the plots and in the surrounding landscape at different scales (in space and time) and were analysed by stepwise multiple regression and ordination (PCA and NMS). Results We recorded 53 species, and mean species richness per forest (plots pooled) was 22.6. The pH of the plant litter predicted both species richness and composition; other local (plot) factors of lower importance were canopy openness, stony ground and tree species. The area of conservation forest (woodland key habitat) within 10 km of plots was positively associated with species richness, and was also related to species composition. Openness of the landscape (agriculture) was a negative factor, but historical plot openness (1938–59) seemed to be unimportant. In addition, climate/topography (temperature and altitude) also predicted species composition of the sites. Main conclusions We rejected the hypothesis that microhabitat factors alone, or mainly, determine local species richness and composition of land molluscs. These representatives of small, sedentary organisms seem to be substantially influenced by the surrounding landscape, which should be considered in conservation work and in plans for the protection of forest biodiversity.
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| 9. |
- Götmark, Frank, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Naturvårdsgallring, vad är det?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Biodiverse. - 1401-5064. ; 2009:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fri utveckling, bete och gallring är huvudalternativen för naturvård i värdefulla lövbestånd. Principen är att grundinventera, sätta upp mål, spara gamla träd och lämna död ved.
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| 10. |
- Ksiazkiewicz, Zofia, et al.
(författare)
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To have or not to have a penis? Phally polymorphism in minute, hermaphroditic gastropods from the Vertiginidae family
- 2023
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Ingår i: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. - 0024-4082.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phally polymorphism in snails offers an excellent opportunity to study the evolutionary basis of sexual polymorphism in animals. Phally polymorphism occurs when two or three sexual morphs co-occur in populations of hermaphroditic organisms. Euphallics have a fully developed and functional penis, hemiphallics have a reduced and non-functional penis, while aphallics have no penis. All morphs can self-fertilize, but only euphallics can donate sperm during copulation. In this study, we investigated the geographical pattern of phally polymorphism in minute Vertigo species by testing snails from Polish and Swedish populations. Considering the principle of resource allocation, we checked whether sexual morph reflects the size of the shell. Although the Swedish Vertigo snails tend to be smaller than the Polish ones, our results show no clear geographical pattern of sexual morph balance in the studied populations. Aphallics of V. angustior were bigger than the euphallics; conversely to V. substriata, where euphallics were bigger than aphallics. Such a result suggests a species-specific resource allocation towards the given sexual function. Since hemiphallics of V. antivertigo were smaller than euphallics, we discuss the possible trade-off when faced with resource depletion and the failure of attaining sexual maturity of euphallics.
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