| 1. |
- Bejerot, Susanne, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with increased aquaporin-4 microparticles prior to autoantibodies in cerebrospinal fluid : a case report
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Case Reports. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1752-1947. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are severe autoimmune inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system associated with the presence of immunoglobulin G antibodies against the water channel protein aquaporin-4. During exacerbation, specific aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G may be produced intrathecally. We measured extracellular aquaporin-4 microparticles in the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient who later developed the typical symptoms and signs of a neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.CASE PRESENTATION: A 17-year-old South American girl developed acute severe motor and vocal tics and difficulties in walking, peripheral numbness, muscle pain, and bilateral headache. At age 22, she had a multitude of motor and psychiatric symptoms. Over the years, she fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa, depression, sleep disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, social anxiety disorder, development coordination disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, hypomania, pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections, conversion disorder, psychosis, and schizotypal personality syndrome. At age 24, she was found to have elevated titers of aquaporin-4 antibodies in serum, suggestive of probable neuromyelitis optica. She subsequently developed visual impairment, and swollen optic nerves were verified by magnetic resonance imaging. She was thus treated with a chimeric monoclonal antibody targeted against the pan-B-cell marker CD20 (rituximab), and almost all symptoms, including the psychiatric symptoms, rapidly decreased. We found a significant increase of extracellular microparticles of aquaporin-4 in cerebrospinal fluid sampled from our patient when she was 22 years old, 2 years before the full clinical development of neuromyelitis optica.CONCLUSIONS: Microparticles of aquaporin-4 represent subcellular arrangements that may influence the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and may serve as biomarkers for the underlying cellular disturbances. The increase of aquaporin-4 microparticles in cerebrospinal fluid may be used for early diagnostic purposes; for prevention; and for evaluation of effective treatment, long-term follow-up studies, and elucidating the pathophysiology in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Further studies of aquaporin-4 microparticles in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neuromyelitis optica and similar neuropsychiatric disorders are thus called for.
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| 2. |
- Bejerot, Susanne, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
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Schizotypal traits in Swedish speaking psychiatric patients and non-psychiatric controls
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 74:5, s. 327-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Recently, schizotypal personality traits were measured in a multinational sample recruited from 14 countries, however no Scandinavian cohort was included. The aim of this study was, therefore, to measure schizotypal personality traits in Swedish-speaking populations, with and without psychiatric disorders, and to investigate the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B).Methods: The SPQ-B results from 50 psychiatric patients were compared to controls (n = 202). An additional sample of 25 controls completed the full SPQ twice and we calculated test-retest reliability for SPQ and SPQ-B. We estimated the internal consistency for SPQ-B and SPQ-B factors with omega. We compared the results of SPQ-B (M and SD) in patient and control groups to corresponding results worldwide.Results: We found similarity between our SPQ-B scores and those from other published samples. SPQ-B showed good internal consistency and acceptable test-retest correlations. The results indicate that the Swedish version of the instrument is valid and can differentiate psychiatric cohorts from non-psychiatric controls.Conclusion: The Swedish version of the SPQ-B exhibit good psychometric properties and is useful for assessing schizotypal traits in clinical and non-clinical populations.
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| 3. |
- Eggertsen, Robert, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Att finna dold urininkontinens
- 2002
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Ingår i: Jordemodern. ; 115, s. 24-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Stensmyr, M C, et al.
(författare)
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Insect-like olfactory adaptations in the terrestrial giant robber crab
- 2005
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Ingår i: Current Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0445 .- 0960-9822. ; 15:2, s. 116-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The robber crab (Birgus latro), also known as the coconut crab, is the world's largest land-living arthropod, with a weight reaching 4 kg and a length of over half a meter [1]. Apart from the marine larval stage [2, 3], this crab is fully terrestrial, and will actually drown if submerged in water [4]. A transition from sea to land raises dramatically new demands on the sensory equipment of an animal. In olfaction, the stimulus changes from hydrophilic molecules in aqueous solution to mainly hydrophobic in the gaseous phase [5]. The olfactory system of land crabs thus represents an excellent opportunity for investigating the effects of the transition from sea to land. Have land crabs come to the same solutions as other terrestrial animals, or is their olfactory sense characterized by unique innovations? Here, we show that the robber crab has evolved an olfactory sense with a high degree of resemblance to the insect system. The similarities extend to physiological, behavioral, and morphological characters. The insect nose of the robber crab is a striking example of convergent evolution and nicely illustrates how similar selection pressures result in similar adaptation.
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| 5. |
- Wallén Warner, Henriette, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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A behavioural study of quadbike drivers
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As quadbikes are becoming more and more common in Sweden the number of accidents also increases. The first aim of this study was therefore to increase our knowledge of how and where quadbikes are used, the mistakes and violations drivers make and what situations they consider as hazardous. The second aim was to increase our knowledge of the accidents. Seven injured and 22 non-injured quadbike drivers were interviewed. The results show that quadbikes are highly appreciated as tools, as vehicles for recreation and as means of transport. Inexperienced drivers’ lack of knowledge, alternatively experienced drivers’ stress and/or carelessness combined with the quadbikes special characteristics; underage drivers and passengers; quadbike-driving under the influence of alcohol and excessive speed are all factors that could contribute to accident involvement; and without a helmet the consequences of these accident might become more severe. To combat these problems, and to reduce the number of quadbike accidents, the authors suggest changes to the law for helmets, a short specialized course focusing on practical quadbike driving in combination with a theoretical education focusing on risk awareness as well as a national mobilization against quadbike driving under the influence of alcohol and underage drivers.
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| 6. |
- Wallén Warner, Henriette, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Alkohol och cykling : en multidisciplinär studie
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Trots att tidigare studier visat att alkoholpåverkan kan vara en bidragande faktor vid cykelolyckor finns i dagsläget relativt lite kunskap om alkohol i samband med cykling. Det övergripande syftet med denna studie var därför att öka kunskapen om alkohol i samband med cykling. Studien är uppdelad i två olika delar; en analys av Trafikverkets djupstudiedata över omkomna cyklister samt en intervjustudie utifrån tre olika perspektiv; ett socialpsykologiskt, ett emotionssociologiskt och ett fenomenografiskt. Medan analysen av djupstudiedata resulterade i utförlig statistik över de olyckor där cyklister varit alkoholpåverkade resulterade intervjustudien i en djupare kunskap om cyklisters föreställningar, emotioner och uppfattningar rörande alkohol och cykling. Utifrån resultaten rekommenderas information och/eller kampanjer för att minska förekomsten av alkoholpåverkad cykling samt mängden alkohol i samband med cykling. Däremot rekommenderas inte införandet av promillegräns och vi är tveksamma till potentialen hos förbättrad kollektivtrafik för att minska antalet alkoholpåverkade cyklister och/eller förbättra säkerheten för dem som cyklar alkoholpåverkade.
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| 7. |
- Wallén Warner, Henriette, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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En modell för säker cykling
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avsikten med det tvärvetenskapliga forskningsprogrammet En stark forskningsmiljö inom området hjulburna oskyddade trafikanter är att öka kunskapen om hjulburna oskyddade trafikanter och deras speciella förutsättningar i trafikmiljön för att på sikt kunna bidra till att nå det nationella hänsynsmålet med fokus på säkerhet. Syftet med denna modellrapport är att sammanfatta resultat och föreslagna åtgärder från de övriga åtta projekten inom ramen för forskningsprogrammet, men även från tidigare forskning och andra programövergripande aktiviteter, i en modell för säker cykling. Med modell avser vi i detta fall en lista över åtgärdsförslag som i enlighet med Haddons matris, utökad med förutsättningar, är riktade mot cyklisten, cykeln och trafikmiljön. För varje åtgärdsförslag finns även angivet var i händelseförloppet från förutsättningar till krasch som åtgärden bör sättas in samt vilka aktörer vi anser är lämpade att initiera och implementera åtgärdsförslagen. För att åstadkomma säker cykling visar resultaten att man måste titta på transportsystemet i sin helhet vilket i sin tur kräver samverkan mellan olika aktörer. Slutligen behövs fortsatt forskning för att kunna optimera utformningen av de olika åtgärderna och utvärdering för att säkerställa att de haft önskad effekt.
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| 8. |
- Wallén Warner, Henriette, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Fyrhjulingsförares beteenden och felhandlingar
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I takt med att fyrhjulingarna blir allt fler ökar också antalet olyckor. Det första syftet med detta projekt var därför att öka kunskapen om de olyckor som inträffar medan det andra syftet var att öka kunskapen om var och hur fyrhjulingar framförs, vilka misstag och regelbrott som görs samt vilka situationer och beteenden som förarna anser är riskfyllda. Projektet var uppdelat i två delstudier där 51 vägtrafikolyckor registrerade i Strada-polis först analyserades, varefter sju skadade förare (inblandade i någon av de 51 vägtrafikolyckorna som registrerats i Strada) och 22 icke-skadade förare intervjuades. Resultaten visar att fyrhjulingen är ett uppskattat fordon som arbetsredskap, nöjesfordon så väl som transportmedel. Oerfarna förares bristande kunskap alternativt erfarna förares stress och/eller slarv i kombination med fyrhjulingens speciella egenskaper; minderåriga förare; fyrhjulingskörning under alkoholpåverkan samt för höga hastigheter, riskerar dock att leda till olyckor och utan hjälm kan konsekvenserna dessutom bli extra allvarliga. Med studiens resultat som grund rekommenderar författarna därför en rad åtgärder för att minska antalet allvarliga fyrhjulingsolyckor.
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| 9. |
- Warner, Henriette Wallén, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison between Swedish and Nigerian taxi drivers
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Cooperation on Theories and Concepts in Traffic Safety (ICTCT) Workshop. - Beijing, Kina.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 2004 approximately 1.2 million people were killed in road traffic accidents and as many as 50 million were injured according to the World Health Organization. Vulnerable road users (e.g. pedestrians, bicyclists, motorcyclists, rickshaw- and cart-drivers) in low- and middle-income countries shoulder a large proportion of the global burden of road traffic deaths and serious injury. The elderly, children and disabled are especially vulnerable. While road traffic accident deaths in high-income countries are projected to decrease by 27% between 2000 and 2020, they are projected to increase by 83% in low- and middle-income countries. One of the World Health Organization’s concluding recommendations for the future was therefore to “enhance programmes of law enforcement with public information and education campaigns”. One problem with this is, however, that we know very little about how road users in low- and middle-income countries perceive the traffic environment and why they make the decisions they do. This is because much research focuses on European or American road users while, for example, African road users are hardly ever represented. Research findings from high-income countries can sometimes be successfully used even in low- and middle-income countries but this is far from always the case. One reason to why research findings in road safety are not always globally applicable is that the traffic environment is very different in different parts of the world, but also because of ideological bias in research. While most accident literature is based on “rational” approaches where accidents are seen as preventable many people in low-income countries have a completely different worldview where predestination plays an important role. In an attempt to further the knowledge about African road users a small pilot study was conducted comparing Nigerian and Swedish taxi drivers. The study was based on the theory of planned behaviour and addressed behaviours such as exceeding the speed limits and not using seat belts. This pilot study is the first in a series of studies. The results as well as their implications for the future studies will therefore be discussed.
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