| 1. |
- zhang, xin, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Single-wavelength-excited fluorogenic nanoprobe for accurate real-time ratiometric analysis of broad pH fluctuations in mitophagy
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nano Reseach. - : Tsinghua University Press. - 1998-0124 .- 1998-0000. ; 15, s. 6515-6521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mitophagy has a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis through acidic lysosomes engulfing excess or impaired mitochondria, thereby pH fluctuation is one of the most significant indicators for tracking mitophagy. Then such precise pH tracking demands the fluorogenic probe that has tailored contemporaneous features, including mitochondrial-specificity, excellent biocompatibility, wide pH-sensitive range of 8.0-4.0, and especially quantitative ability. However, available molecular probes cannot simultaneously meet all the requirements since it is extremely difficult to integrate multiple functionalities into a single molecule. To fully address this issue, we herein integrate two fluorogenic pH sensitive units, a mitochondria-specific block, cell-penetrating facilitator, and biocompatible segments into an elegant silica nano scaffold, which greatly ensures the applicability for real-time tracking of pH fluctuations in mitophagy. Most significantly, at a single wavelength excitation, the integrated pH-sensitive units have spectra-distinguishable fluorescence towards alkaline and acidic pH in a broad range that covers mitochondrial and lysosomal pH, thus enabling a ratiometric analysis of pH variations during the whole mitophagy. This work also provides constructive insights into the fabrication of advanced fluorescent nanoprobes for diverse biomedical applications.
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| 2. |
- Qin, Jiajun, et al.
(författare)
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From optical pumping to electrical pumping: the threshold overestimation in metal halide perovskites
- 2023
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Ingår i: Materials Horizons. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2051-6347 .- 2051-6355. ; 10:4, s. 1446-1453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The threshold carrier density, conventionally evaluated from optical pumping, is a key reference parameter towards electrically pumped lasers with the widely acknowledged assumption that optically excited charge carriers relax to the band edge through an ultrafast process. However, the characteristically slow carrier cooling in perovskites challenges this assumption. Here, we investigate the optical pumping of state-of-the-art bromide- and iodine-based perovskites. We find that the threshold decreases by one order of magnitude with decreasing excitation energy from 3.10 eV to 2.48 eV for methylammonium lead bromide perovskite (MAPbBr(3)), indicating that the low-energy photon excitation facilitates faster cooling and hence enables efficient carrier accumulation for population inversion. Our results are then interpreted due to the coupling of phonon scattering in connection with the band structure of perovskites. This effect is further verified in the two-photon pumping process, where the carriers relax to the band edge with a smaller difference in phonon momentum that speeds up the carrier cooling process. Furthermore, by extrapolating the optical pumping threshold to the band edge excitation as an analog of the electrical carrier injection to the perovskite, we obtain a critical threshold carrier density of similar to 1.9 x 10(17) cm(-3), which is one order of magnitude lower than that estimated from the conventional approach. Our work thus highlights the feasibility of metal halide perovskites for electrically pumped lasers.
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| 3. |
- Jonnalagadda, Krishna Praveen, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Failure of Multilayer Suspension Plasma Sprayed Thermal Barrier Coatings in the Presence of Na2SO4 and NaCl at 900 °C
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of thermal spray technology (Print). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1059-9630 .- 1544-1016. ; 28:1-2, s. 212-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current investigation focuses on understanding the influence of a columnar microstructure and a sealing layer on the corrosion behavior of suspension plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Two different TBC systems were studied in this work. First is a double layer made of a composite of gadolinium zirconate + yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) deposited on top of YSZ. Second is a triple layer made of dense gadolinium zirconate deposited on top of gadolinium zirconate + YSZ over YSZ. Cyclic corrosion tests were conducted between 25 and 900 °C with an exposure time of 8 h at 900 °C. 75 wt.% Na2SO4 + 25 wt.% NaCl were used as the corrosive salts at a concentration of 6 mg/cm2. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of the samples’ cross sections showed that severe bond coat degradation had taken place for both the TBC systems, and the extent of bond coat degradation was relatively higher in the triple-layer system. It is believed that the sealing layer in the triple-layer system reduced the number of infiltration channels for the molten salts which resulted in overflowing of the salts to the sample edges and caused damage to develop relatively more from the edge.
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| 4. |
- Jonnalagadda, Krishna Praveen, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Hot gas corrosion and its influence on the thermal cycling performance of suspension plasma spray TBCs
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2019. - New York, NY : American Society of Mechanical Engineers. - 9780791858677
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) manufactured with suspension plasma spray (SPS) are promising candidates for use in gas turbines due to their high strain tolerance during thermal cyclic fatigue (TCF). However, corrosion often occurs alongside thermal fatigue and coating durability under these conditions is highly desirable. The current study focuses on understanding the corrosion behavior and its influence on the thermal cyclic fatigue life of SPS TBCs. Corrosion tests were conducted at 780 OC using a mixed-gas (1SO2-0.1CO-20CO2-N2(bal.) in vol. %) for 168h. They were later thermally cycled between 100-1100 ⁰C with a 1h hold time at 1100 ⁰C. Corrosion test results indicated that the damage predominantly started from the edges and a milder damage was observed at the center. Nickel sulfide was observed on top of the top coat and also in the columnar gaps of the top coat. Chromium oxides were observed inside the top coat columnar gaps but close to the bond coat/top coat interface. They were believed to reduce the strain tolerance of SPS TBCs to an extent and also amplify the thermal mismatch stresses during TCF tests. This, together with a fast growth of alumina during the TCF, resulted in a significant drop in the TCF life compared to the standard TCF tests.
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| 5. |
- Wu, Jingnan, 1994, et al.
(författare)
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Modulating the nanoscale morphology on carboxylate-pyrazine containing terpolymer toward 17.8% efficiency organic solar cells with enhanced thermal stability
- 2022
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-8947. ; 446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It had been commonly accepted in the organic photovoltaic (OPV) community that subtle variations in the molecular structure of active layer materials would cause profound impacts on their aggregating structure and blend morphology and therefore the performance of such polymer solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we employed an electron-deficient building block 3,6-dithiophenyl-2-carboxylate pyrazine (DTCPz) for constructing one series of promising donor terpolymers of PMZ1, PMZ2, and PMZ3, respectively, gaining their relatively lower-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels, more closed π-π stacking and enhanced crystallinity in thin films, and lower miscibility with acceptor Y6, in comparison with their parent polymer counterpart (namely PM6). Reaching DTCPz moieties up to 20% (mol/mol%) in its terpolymer composition, the resulting polymer (PMZ2) achieved more favorable phase separation with improved exciton dissociation, and charge transport and extraction. As a result, an outstanding fill factor of 77.2% and a promising power conversion efficiency of 17.8 % was achieved. Moreover, the corresponding device shows better thermal stability over the PM6-based one. This work suggests a facile method for significantly improving the thin film morphology of the active-layer materials via fine-tuning the chemical structure of electron-deficient units on the backbone of the wide bandgap donor polymer, therefore achieving enhanced photovoltaic performance and thermal stability for practical applications.
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| 6. |
- Zhang, Pimin, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of surface finish on the initial oxidation of HVAF-sprayed NiCoCrAlY coatings
- 2019
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - Elsevier : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 364, s. 43-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxide scale formed on HVAF-sprayed NiCoCrAlY coatings and the effect of surface treatment were investigated by a multi-approach study combining photo-stimulated luminescence, microstructural observation and mass gain. The initial oxidationbehaviour of as-sprayed, polished and shot-peened coatings at 1000 °C is studied. Both polished and shot-peened coatings exhibited superior performance due to rapid formation of α-Al2O3 fully covering the coating and suppressing the growth of transient alumina, assisted by a high density of α-Al2O3 nuclei on surface treatment induced defects. Moreover, the fast development of a two-layer alumina scale consisting of an inward-grown inner α-Al2O3 layer and an outer layer transformed from outward-grown transient alumina resulted in a higher oxide growth rate of the as-sprayed coating.
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| 7. |
- Zhang, Pimin, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Failure Mechanism of MCrAlY Coating at the Coating-Substrate Interface under Type I Hot Corrosion
- 2019
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Ingår i: Materials and corrosion - Werkstoffe und Korrosion. - : Wiley-VCH Verlagsgesellschaft. - 0947-5117 .- 1521-4176. ; 70:9, s. 1593-1600
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MCrAlY coatings are widely used to provide protection of hot component in modern gas turbine engines against high‐temperature oxidation and hot corrosion. Coating‐substrate interface, where the substrate is only partially covered by the coatings, is vulnerable to the hot corrosion attack. The accelerated degradation at the coating‐substrate interface can cause fast spallation of the coating, leading to the early failure of the gas turbine components. In this paper, MCrAlY powder was deposited on IN792 disks by high‐velocity oxygen‐fuel spraying. The hot corrosion behavior of the coated sample was investigated using (0.8Na, 0.2K)2SO 4 salt deposition at 900°C in lab air. Results showed a minor attack in the coating center, however, an accelerated corrosion attack at the coating‐substrate interface. The fast growth of corrosion products from substrate caused large local volume expansions at the coating‐substrate interface, resulting in an early coating spallation.
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| 8. |
- Zhang, Pimin, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of Element Effect on High-Temperature Oxidation of HVOF NiCoCrAlX Coatings
- 2018
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Ingår i: Coatings. - : M D P I AG. - 2079-6412. ; 8:4, s. 129-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- MCrAlX (M: Ni or Co or both, X: minor elements) coatings have been used widely to protect hot components in gas turbines against oxidation and heat corrosion at high temperatures. Understanding the influence of the X-elements on oxidation behavior is important in the design of durable MCrAlX coatings. In this study, NiCoCrAlX coatings doped with Y + Ru and Ce, respectively, were deposited on an Inconel-792 substrate using high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF). The samples were subjected to isothermal oxidation tests in laboratory air at 900, 1000, and 1100 °C and a cyclic oxidation test between 100 and 1100 °C with a 1-h dwell time at 1100 °C. It was observed that the coating with Ce showed a much higher oxidation rate than the coating with Y + Ru under both isothermal and cyclic oxidation tests. In addition, the Y + Ru-doped coating showed significantly lower β phase depletion due to interdiffusion between the coating and the substrate, resulting from the addition of Ru. Simulation results using a moving phase boundary model and an established oxidation-diffusion model showed that Ru stabilized β grains, which reduced β-depletion of the coating due to substrate interdiffusion. This paper, combining experiment and simulation results, presents a comprehensive study of the influence of Ce and Ru on oxidation behavior, including an investigation of the microstructure evolution in the coating surface and the coating-substrate interface influenced by oxidation time.
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| 9. |
- Zhang, Pimin, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Isothermal oxidation behavior of HVAF-sprayed NiCoCrAlY coatings : Effect of surface treatment
- 2017
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Thermal Spray Conference & Exposition (ITSC 2017). - New York : Curran Associates, Inc. - 9781510858220 ; , s. 456-461
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- NiCoCrAlY coatings are widely used as bond coats for ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) andoxidation and corrosion protective overlay coatings in industrial gas turbines. High temperature oxidation behaviour of NiCoCrAlYs has a great influence on the coating performance and lifetime of TBCs. A promising route to decrease the oxidation rate of such coatings is post-coating surface modification which can facilitate formation of a uniform alumina scale with a considerably slower growth rate compared to the as-sprayed coatings. In this work, the effect of surface treatment by means of shot peening and laser surface melting (LSM) on the oxidation resistance of high velocity air-fuel (HVAF) sprayed NiCoCrAlY coatings was studied. Isothermal oxidation was carried out at 1000⁰C for 1000h. Results showed that the rough surface of as-sprayed HVAF sprayed coatings was significantly changed after shot peening and LSM treatment, with a compact and smooth appearance. After the exposure, the oxide scales formed on surface-treated NiCoCrAlY coatings showed different morphology and growth rate compared to those formed on as-sprayed coating surface. The oxidation behaviour of surface treated HVAF-sprayed NiCoCrAlY coatings were revealed and discussed.
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| 10. |
- Zhang, Pimin, 1990-
(författare)
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Oxidation behaviour of MCrAlX coatings : effect of surface treatment and an Al-activity based life criterion
- 2018
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- MCrAlY coatings (M=Ni and/or Co) have been widely used for the protection of superalloy components against oxidation and hot corrosion in the hot sections of gas turbines. The drive to improve engine combustion efficiency while reducing emissions by increasing the operation temperature brings a big challenge for coating design. As a result, the need for improvement of MCrAlY coatings for better oxidation resistance is essential.Formation of a stable, dense, continuous, and slow-growing α-Al2O3 layer, on the MCrAlY coating surface, is the key to oxidation protection, since the protective α-Al2O3 scale offers superior oxidation resistance due to its lower oxygen-diffusion rate as compared with other oxides. The ability of a MCrAlY coating to form and maintain such a protective scale depends on the coating composition and microstructure, and can be improved through optimization of deposition parameters, modification of coating surface conditions, and so on. Part of this thesis work focuses on studying the effect of post-deposition surface treatments on the oxidation behavior of MCrAlX coatings (X can be yttrium and/or other minor alloying elements). The aim is to gain fundamental understanding of alumina scale evolution during oxidation which is important for achieving improved oxidation resistance of MCrAlX coatings. Oxide scale formed on coatings at initial oxidation stage and the effect of surface treatment were investigated by a multi-approach study combining photo-stimulated luminescence, microstructural observation and weight gain. Results showed that both mechanically polished and shot-peened coatings exhibited superior performance due to rapid formation of α-Al2O3 fully covering the coating and suppressing growth of transient alumina, assisted by the high density of α-Al2O3 nuclei on surface treatment induced defects. The early development of a two-layer alumina scale, consisting of an inward-grown inner α-Al2O3 layer and an outer layer transformed from outward-grown transient alumina, resulted in a higher oxide growth rate of the as-sprayed coating. The positive effect of the surface treatments on retarding oxide scale growth and suppressing formation of spinel was also observed in oxidation test up to 1000 hrs.As the oxidation proceeds to the close-to-end stage, a reliable criterion to estimate the capability of coating to form α-Al2O3 is of great importance to accurately evaluate coating lifetime, which is the aim of the other part of the thesis work. Survey of published results on a number of binary Ni-Al and ternary Ni-Cr-Al, Ni-Al-Si systems shows that the empirical Al-concentration based criterion is inadequate to properly predict the formation of a continuous α-Al2O3 scale. On the other hand, correlating the corresponding Al-activity data, calculated from measured chemical compositions using the Thermo-Calc software, to the experimental oxidation results has revealed a temperature dependent, critical Al-activity value for forming continuous α-Al2O3 scale. To validate the criterion, long-term oxidation tests were performed on five MCrAlX coatings with varying compositions and the implementation of the Al-activity based criterion on these coatings successfully predicted α-Al2O3 formation, showing a good agreement with experiment results.
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