| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Olsson, Helen, et al.
(författare)
-
Violence risk assessment in clinical practice: How forensic nurses experience violence risk assessment in daily work -A qualitative interview study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Global Journal of Health Science. - Canada : Canadian Center of Science and Education. - 1916-9736 .- 1916-9744. ; 9:12, s. 56-63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The legislation of Swedish forensic psychiatric care states that the risk of further violence must be assessed before a patient is granted release from a forensic psychiatric hospital. The aim of the study was to describe the experiences of forensic nurses with in-patient risk assessment processes, and their implication for daily clinical forensic praxis.Method: Semi-structured interviews with staff who were involved in the patients risk assessment process. The interview texts were analyzed using qualitative latent content analysis.Discussion: The forensic nursing staff has to deal with many contradictory realities. The description was about being able to balance between supporting their work with an EBP approach of risk assessment while trying to establish interpersonal relationships and to allow for positive meetings with the patient. The study indicated that staff used a multiple sources of knowledge in order to make credible and accurate risk assessments.Conclusions: If the risk assessment process are to be used in a legally secure manner, the staff must receive regular support from team leadership that can provide both guidance and training. Based on a holistic approach, the link between the instinct of staff and their work with structured risk assessment must be founded on routines and solid platforms.
|
|
| 3. |
- Tillmar, Andreas O., et al.
(författare)
-
Choosing supplementary markers in forensic casework
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Forensic Science International-Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-4973 .- 1878-0326. ; 13, s. 128-133
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vast majority of human familial identifications based on DNA end up with a well founded conclusion, normally using a standard set of genetic short tandem repeat (STR) loci. There are, however, a proportion of cases that show ambiguous results. For such occasions a number of different supplementary markers could be typed in order to gain further information. There are numerous markers available for such supplementary DNA typing, including STRs, deletion and insertion polymorphisms (DIPs), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The purpose of this work was to describe a precise method for decision making, aiming to aid the comparison of different sets of markers for different case scenarios in order to find the most efficient set for routine casework. Comparisons are based on a particular function relating the expected additional value of information from new data to the amount of information already obtained from initial data. The function can be computed approximately by approximating likelihood-based error rates using simulation. In this paper we focused on paternity investigations, more specifically the use of supplementary markers in cases where a smaller number of genetic inconsistencies make the matter inconclusive. We applied the method to a comparison of three different kits: Investigator HDplex (STRs), Investigator DIPplex (DIPs), and the SNPforID-plex (SNPs) to study their efficiencies in gaining information in different case scenarios involving various alternative relationships between the tested man and the tested child. We show that the Investigator HDplex was the most efficient set of supplementary markers for the standard paternity case. However, for paternity cases with a close relative being the alternative father, the Investigator HDplex and the SNPforID-plex showed similar patterns in their ability to deliver a well-founded conclusion. The Investigator DIPplex was the least efficient set.
|
|
| 4. |
- Trägårdh, Karin, et al.
(författare)
-
Risk Profiles of Female Perpetrators of Severe Violence
- 2019
-
Ingår i: 13th Nordic Symposium on Forensic Psychiatry. August 20-22, Gothenburg, Sweden.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Female offenders without a severe mental disorder show more criminogenic factors than those with. Both groups are characterized by mental health problems. We need to further characterize female offenders. Background Offenders of lethal/severe violence are in a majority of cases male, about 90% (Falk et al., 2014), and research has to a considerable extent focused on male violent offenders. Although less is known about female violent offenders than male offenders, previous research has indicated significant differences between male and female offenders of lethal/severe violence (Trägårdh et al., 2016; Yourstone et al., 2008). Since a majority of female perpetrators of lethal violence undergo a forensic psychiatric investigation (RPU/FPI), these documents contains important information about this group. Purpose The aim of this ongoing study is to characterize female perpetrators of severe violent crimes, and to compare female perpetrators sentenced to forensic psychiatric compulsory care with those sentenced to correctional treatment. Method This is an exploratory and descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. All forensic evaluations (FPI) made in Sweden between 2000-2014 (from The National Board of Forensic Medicine/RMV), and the subsequent court verdicts, in cases where women had used lethal/severe violence (n≈180) where used as the basis for data collection in this study. The present preliminary analyses (2-tests and ANOVA) contains approx. 26% (n=47) of the total group. Group differences were investigated regarding: Mental health (FPI) Risk factors (HCR-20 and PCL-R) Victim relation (FPI) Criminal behavior (FPI) Results Female offenders with and without a Severe mental disorder (SMD) seems to differ in some respects. For female offenders with a SMD, the crime was more likely to have been conducted in a less criminal context (see Table). For female offenders without a SMD, the following characteristics were more frequently present: Victim gender – male Substance abuse + Under the influence of substance (offender and victim) Previous violence between victim and offender Previous registered criminality Also, several common features between the SMD and non-SMD group of female offenders were found. The majority of all female offenders had: Previous psychiatric contact and diagnoses Previously attempted suicide No previously registered criminality Conclusions Preliminary results of the female perpetrators who had underwent a FPI seems to identify both substantial differences and similarities between those with versus without a SMD, where those without show more criminogenic factors. Both groups were also characterized by a high amount of mental illness. Also, these results supports previous research that female and male offenders of severe violence differ in important ways. Since a majority of female perpetrators of lethal violence undergo a forensic psychiatric investigation, these results should be generalizable to this group as a whole in Sweden. Based on these results, a great need to further characterize female offenders of severe/lethal violence remain.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Kjeldgård, Linnea, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Diagnosis-specific sickness absence among injured working-aged pedestrians: a sequence analysis
- 2023
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 23:1, s. 367-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The knowledge about the long-term consequences in terms of sickness absence (SA) among pedestrians injured in a traffic-related accident, including falls, is scarce. Therefore, the aim was to explore diagnosis-specific patterns of SA during a four-year period and their association with different sociodemographic and occupational factors among all individuals of working ages who were injured as a pedestrian. METHODS: A nationwide register-based study, including all individuals aged 20-59 and living in Sweden, who in 2014-2016 had in- or specialized outpatient healthcare after a new traffic-related accident as a pedestrian. Diagnosis-specific SA (> 14 days) was assessed weekly from one year before the accident up until three years after the accident. Sequence analysis was used to identify patterns (sequences) of SA, and cluster analysis to form clusters of individuals with similar sequences. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for association of the different factors and cluster memberships were estimated by multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: In total, 11,432 pedestrians received healthcare due to a traffic-related accident. Eight clusters of SA patterns were identified. The largest cluster was characterized by no SA, three clusters had different SA patterns due to injury diagnoses (immediate, episodic, and later). One cluster had SA both due to injury and other diagnoses. Two clusters had SA due to other diagnoses (short-term and long-term) and one cluster mainly consisted of individuals with disability pension (DP). Compared to the cluster "No SA", all other clusters were associated with older age, no university education, having been hospitalized, and working in health and social care. The clusters "Immediate SA", "Episodic SA" and "Both SA due to injury and other diagnoses" were also associated with higher odds of pedestrians who sustained a fracture. CONCLUSIONS: This nationwide study of the working-aged pedestrians observed diverging patterns of SA after their accident. The largest cluster of pedestrians had no SA, and the other seven clusters had different patterns of SA in terms of diagnosis (injury and other diagnoses) and timing of SA. Differences were found between all clusters regarding sociodemographic and occupational factors. This information can contribute to the understanding of long-term consequences of road traffic accidents.
|
|
| 7. |
- Aarts, B., et al.
(författare)
-
DNActivity: International cooperation in activity level interpretation of forensic DNA evidence.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Abstract book, 7<sup>th</sup> European Academy of Forensic Science, EAFS, Prag, Tjeckien, 2015.. ; , s. 555-
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Questions posed to expert witnesses by the legal community and the courts are expanding to include not just those relating to source level (i.e. ‘who is the donor of the trace?’) but also those relating to activitity level (i.e. ‘how did the DNA get there?’). The answers to these questions are usually formulated as the probability of the evidence under alternative scenarios. As activity level questions are part of investigative and legal considerations it is of paramount importance that expert witnesses are provided with knowledge and tools to address these questions.To answer such questions within a probabilistic framework, empirical data is needed to estimate probabilities of transfer, persistence and recovery of DNA as well as background levels of DNA on everyday objects. There is a paucity of empirical data on these topics, but the number of studies is increasing both through in-house experiments and experimental data published in international scientific journals.Laboratories that conduct such studies all use different experimental setups, trace recovery strategies and techniques and DNA analysis systems and equipment. It is essential for the forensic genetics community in general to establish whether the data generated by different labs are in concordance, and can therefore be readily used by the forensic community.Moreover, if existing data and data generated from future experiments are made available to the (forensic) community, knowledge is needed on the key factors that underlie potential interlaboratory variation.The aims and objectives of this ENFSI Monopoly 2013 project are to conduct a study of methodologies and data from different laboratories and to assess the comparability of the scientific data on transfer, persistence and recovery of DNA. This comparison will allow us to identify key factors that underlie potential variation. This information will be used to setup guidelines to enable sharing and database-storage of relevant scientificdata. This will improve the ability of forensic scientists and other professionals of the Criminal Justice System to give evidence-based answers to questions that relate to the activity level of the crime under investigation.
|
|
| 8. |
- Abdaljaleel, Maram, et al.
(författare)
-
Postmortem lung and heart examination of COVID-19 patients in a case series from Jordan
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine. - : The Korean Society of Pathologists and The Korean Society for Cytopathology. - 2383-7837 .- 2383-7845. ; 57:2, s. 102-112
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a pandemic for more than 2 years. Autopsy examination is an invaluable tool to understand the pathogenesis of emerging infections and their consequent mortalities. The aim of the current study was to present the lung and heart pathological findings of COVID-19-positive autopsies performed in Jordan. Methods: The study involved medicolegal cases, where the cause of death was unclear and autopsy examination was mandated by law. We included the clinical and pathologic findings of routine gross and microscopic examination of cases that were positive for COVID-19 at time of death. Testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was confirmed through molecular detection by real-time polymerase chain reaction, serologic testing for IgM and electron microscope examination of lung samples. Results: Seventeen autopsies were included, with male predominance (76.5%), Jordanians (70.6%), and 50 years as the mean age at time of death. Nine out of 16 cases (56.3%) had co-morbidities, with one case lacking such data. Histologic examination of lung tissue revealed diffuse alveolar damage in 13/17 cases (76.5%), and pulmonary microthrombi in 8/17 cases (47.1%). Microscopic cardiac findings were scarcely detected. Two patients died as a direct result of acute cardiac disease with limited pulmonary findings. Conclusions: The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in postmortem examination can be an incidental or contributory finding which highlights the value of autopsy examination to determine the exact cause of death in controversial cases.
|
|
| 9. |
- Acosta, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Drugs in fall versus non-fall accidents with major trauma – A population-based clinical and medico-legal autopsy study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Forensic Science International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0379-0738. ; 296, s. 80-84
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The main aim of the present population-based study was to compare drugs in fall versus non-fall accidents causing major trauma, including both clinical and medico-legal autopsy data. Methods: All individuals with accidents resulting in major trauma, a new injury severity score (NISS) > 15 or lethal outcome was identified at hospital and/or the Department of Forensic Medicine between 2011 and 2013. Modified Downton Fall Risk Index ranged from 0 to 7, and was based on specific pharmaceuticals (max 5 points), previous fall (1 point) and cognitive impairment (1 point). Results: One hundred and four individuals with major traumatic accidents were identified, 38 (36.5%) died. The median modified Downton Fall Risk Index was 2 for fall accidents and 0 for non-fall accidents (p < 0.001). Modified Downton Fall Risk Index was an age-independent factor associated with fall accident (p < 0.001). The medico-legal autopsy rate for in-hospital patients was 50% (6/12) for fatal fall accidents in comparison with 92.3% (12/13) for fatal non-fall accidents (p = 0.03). In individuals undergoing medico-legal autopsy, the proportion of individuals with any detected drug was 77% in fall accidents compared to 39% in non-fall accidents (p = 0.036). The presence of sedatives (p = 0.002) and bensodiazepines (p = 0.023) were higher for fall accidents compared to non-fall accidents. Conclusion: This population-based study on accidents with major trauma showed that drugs had high impact on fall accidents with major trauma. It seems warranted from a public health perspective to study if implementation of medication review guidelines at hospital managing polypharmacy issues may prevent fall accident recidivism.
|
|
| 10. |
- Ahlm, Kristin, et al.
(författare)
-
Alcohol and drugs in fatally and non-fatally injured motor vehicle drivers in northern Sweden
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 41:1, s. 129-136
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol and drugs are important risk factors for traffic injuries, a major health problem worldwide. This prospective study investigated the epidemiology and the presence of alcohol and drugs in fatally and hospitalized non-fatally injured drivers of motor vehicles in northern Sweden. During a 2-year study period, blood from fatally and hospitalized non-fatally injured drivers was tested for alcohol and drugs. The study subjects were recruited from well-defined geographical areas with known demographics. Autopsy reports, medical journals, police reports, and toxicological analyses were evaluated. Of the fatally injured, 38% tested positive for alcohol and of the non-fatally 21% tested positive; 7% and 13%, respectively, tested positive for pharmaceuticals with a warning for impaired driving; 9% and 4%, respectively, tested positive for illicit drugs. The most frequently detected pharmaceuticals were benzodiazepines, opiates, and antidepressants. Tetrahydrocannabinol was the most frequently detected illicit substance. No fatally injured women had illegal blood alcohol concentration. The relative proportion of positively tested drivers has increased and was higher than in a similar study 14 years earlier. This finding indicates that alcohol and drugs merit more attention in future traffic safety work.
|
|
