| 1. |
- Orru, Anna Maria, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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AHA! festival 2015
- 2015
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The AHA festival investigates the borders between art and science in a three-day event at the Chalmers University of Technology hosted by the Department of Architecture. An international festival intended to provide enlightening experiences, staging surprises, new thoughts and displaced perspectives that lead to alternative modes of thinking about the space between art and science. We invite scientists (physicists, historians, mathematicians, medical students), artists (dancers, musicians, painters, poets, chefs) and not least architects, who reside in these borderlands and wish to share their vision and work. The key intention is to celebrate both art and science as key knowledge building devices.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Sören, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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CHIMERIC MOMP ANTIGEN
- 2015
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Sören, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Chimeric MOMP antigen
- 2014
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Patent (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The present invention regards polypeptides capable of eliciting an immunological response that is protective against Chlamydia trachomatis. The polypeptide comprises a first amino acid sequence which has at least 90% homology with the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 1 and a second amino acid sequence which has at least 90% homology with the amino acid sequence according to SEQ ID NO: 2. Furthermore, production of these polypeptides and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them are also provided.
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| 4. |
- Campbell, Kate, 1987, et al.
(författare)
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Self-Establishing Communities: A Yeast Model to Study the Physiological Impact of Metabolic Cooperation in Eukaryotic Cells
- 2019
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Ingår i: Methods in Molecular Biology. - New York, NY : Springer New York. - 1940-6029 .- 1064-3745. ; , s. 263-282
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- All biosynthetically active cells are able to export and import metabolites, the small molecule intermediaries of metabolism. In dense cell populations, this hallmark of cells results in the intercellular exchange of a wide spectrum of metabolites. Such metabolite exchange enables metabolic specialization of individual cells, leading to far reaching biological implications, as a consequence of the intrinsic connection between metabolism and cell physiology. In this chapter, we discuss methods on how to study metabolite exchange interactions by using self-establishing metabolically cooperating communities (SeMeCos) in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. SeMeCos exploit the stochastic segregation of episomes to progressively increase the number of essential metabolic interdependencies in a community that grows out from an initially prototrophic cell. By coupling genotype to metabotype, SeMeCos allow for the tracking of cells while they specialize metabolically and hence the opportunity to study their progressive change in physiology.
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| 5. |
- Jesorka, Aldo, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Microfluidic technology for investigation of protein function in single adherent cells
- 2019
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Ingår i: Methods in Enzymology. - : Elsevier. - 1557-7988 .- 0076-6879.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Instrumental techniques and associated methods for single cell analysis, designed to investigate and measure a broad range of cellular parameters in search of unique features, address key limitations of conventional cell-based assays with their ensemble average response. While many different single cell techniques exist for suspension cultures, which can process and characterize large numbers of individual cells in rapid succession, the access to surface-immobilized cells in typical 2D and 3D culture environments remains challenging. Open space microfluidics has created new possibilities in this area, allowing for exclusive access to single cells in adherent cultures, even at high confluency. In this chapter, we briefly review new microtechnologies for the investigation of protein function in single adherent cells, and present an overview over related recent applications of the multifunctional pipette (Biopen), a microfluidic multi-solution dispensing system that uses hydrodynamic confinement in open volume environments in order to establish a superfusion zone over selected single cells in adherent cultures.
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| 6. |
- Khorshidi, Mohammad Ali, 1981-
(författare)
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Live Single Cell Imaging and Analysis Using Microfluidic Devices
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Today many cell biological techniques study large cell populations where an average estimate of individual cells’ behavior is observed. On the other hand, single cell analysis is required for studying functional heterogeneities between cells within populations. This thesis presents work that combines the use of microfluidic devices, optical microscopy and automated image analysis to design various cell biological assays with single cell resolution including cell proliferation, clonal expansion, cell migration, cell-cell interaction and cell viability tracking. In fact, automated high throughput single cell techniques enable new studies in cell biology which are not possible with conventional techniques.In order to automatically track dynamic behavior of single cells, we developed a microwell based device as well as a droplet microfluidic platform. These high throughput microfluidic assays allow automated time-lapse imaging of encapsulated single cells in micro droplets or confined cells inside microwells. Algorithms for automatic quantification of cells in individual microwells and micro droplets are developed and used for the analysis of cell viability and clonal expansion. The automatic counting protocols include several image analysis steps, e.g. segmentation, feature extraction and classification. The automatic quantification results were evaluated by comparing with manual counting and revealed a high success rate. In combination these automatic cell counting protocols and our microfluidic platforms can provide statistical information to better understand behavior of cells at the individual level under various conditions or treatments in vitro exemplified by the analysis of function and regulation of immune cells. Thus, together these tools can be used for developing new cellular imaging assays with resolution at the single cell level.To automatically characterize transient migration behavior of natural killer (NK) cells compartmentalized in microwells, we developed a method for single cell tracking. Time-lapse imaging showed that the NK cells often exhibited periods of high motility, interrupted with periods of slow migration or complete arrest. These transient migration arrest periods (TMAPs) often overlapped with periods of conjugations between NK cells and target cells. Such conjugation periods sometimes led to cell-mediated killing of target cells. Analysis of cytotoxic response of NK cells revealed that a small sub-class of NK cells called serial killers was able to kill several target cells. In order to determine a starting time point for cell-cell interaction, a novel technique based on ultrasound was developed to aggregate NK and target cells into the center of the microwells. Therefore, these assays can be used to automatically and rapidly assess functional and migration behavior of cells to detect differences between health and disease or the influence of drugs.The work presented in this thesis gives good examples of how microfluidic devices combined with automated imaging and image analysis can be helpful to address cell biological questions where single cell resolution is necessary.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Avlant, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative analysis of amino acid metabolism in liver cancer links glutamate excretion to nucleotide synthesis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 117:19, s. 10294-10304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many cancer cells consume glutamine at high rates; counterintuitively, they simultaneously excrete glutamate, the first intermediate in glutamine metabolism. Glutamine consumption has been linked to replenishment of tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediates and synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), but the reason for glutamate excretion is unclear. Here, we dynamically profile the uptake and excretion fluxes of a liver cancer cell line (HepG2) and use genome-scale metabolic modeling for in-depth analysis. We find that up to 30% of the glutamine is metabolized in the cytosol, primarily for nucleotide synthesis, producing cytosolic glutamate. We hypothesize that excreting glutamate helps the cell to increase the nucleotide synthesis rate to sustain growth. Indeed, we show experimentally that partial inhibition of glutamate excretion reduces cell growth. Our integrative approach thus links glutamine addiction to glutamate excretion in cancer and points toward potential drug targets.
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| 9. |
- Padra, János T, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of Alcian blue pH1.0 histo-staining protocols to match mass spectrometric quantification of sulfomucins and circumvent false positive results due to sialomucins.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2423. ; 32:1, s. 6-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sulfomucins are in some body-locations and species a normal occurrence, whereas in other situations a sign of pathology. Sulfomucin content on histological sections and isolated material is frequently analyzed with Alcian blue staining at pH1.0. However, since the stain detects the charge, a high density of other charged molecules, such as sialic acids has potential to impede specificity. Here, we compared the outcome from four staining protocols with the level of sulfation determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis (MS) on samples from various tissues with variable sulfation and sialylation levels. We found that a protocol we designed, including rinsing with MetOH and 0.5M NaCl buffer at pH1.0 eliminates false positive staining of tissues outperforming commonly recommended solutions. In tissues with low to moderately sulfated mucins (e.g. human stomach and salmonid epithelia) this method enables accurate relative quantification (e.g. sulfate scoring comparisons between healthy and diseased tissues) whereas the range of the method is not suitable for comparisons between tissues with high sulfomucin content (e.g. pig stomach and colon).
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| 10. |
- Sun, He
(författare)
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Antibiotic resistance in biogas processes
- 2021
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a well-established technology that can play a key role in development of a sustainable society. In AD, organic wastes such as animal manure, food waste and crop residues are used as substrate and converted to biogas and digestate, which represent green energy and a biofertiliser. Due to intensive use of veterinary antibiotics, antibiotic residues, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) enter the AD process via the substrates and end up in the digestate. Thus, digestate may represent a source of spread of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest global public health challenges of our time and is predicted to cause around 300 million premature deaths by 2050, so countering its spread is critically important. However, research on the antibiotic resistance level in AD is still quite limited. This thesis contributed essential new knowledge by a) identifying ARB communities in digestates originating from food waste, crops and dairy manure; b) assessing antibiotic resistance in plant-based substrates; c) investigating phenotypic and genotypic resistance pattern and resistance transferability of isolated ARB; and d) comparing molecular and culture-dependent methods in evaluation of antibiotic resistance. Bacillus and closely-related genera such as Paenibacillus and Lysinibacillus were found to dominate the ARB community isolated from digestate, irrespective of substrate type. Most ARGs identified for these ARB were located on chromosomes, although several ARB strains had extra-chromosomal genomes. Only one was identified as a plasmid (pAMαl), which proved to be nontransferable in plasmid conjugation testing. Thus, the dominant ARB community from the digestates studied likely poses a limited risk of antibiotic resistance spread, although even plant-based substrates were found to contain variant antibiotic resistance components. Combined use of molecular and culturedependent methods was required to reveal the true antibiotic resistance situation in the AD process.
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