| 1. |
- Falk Erhag, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing
- 2022
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This open access book provides insight on how to interpret capability in ageing – one’s individual ability to perform actions in order to reach goals one has reason to value – from a multidisciplinary approach. With for the first time in history there being more people in the world aged 60 years and over than there are children below the age of 5, the book describes this demographic trends as well as the large global challenges and important societal implications this will have such as a worldwide increase in the number of persons affected with dementia, and in the ratio of retired persons to those still in the labor market. Through contributions from many different research areas, it discussed how capability depends on interactions between the individual (e.g. health, genetics, personality, intellectual capacity), environment (e.g. family, friends, home, work place), and society (e.g. political decisions, ageism, historical period). The final chapter by the editors summarizes the differences and similarities in these contributions. As such this book provides an interesting read for students, teachers and researchers at different levels and from different fields interested in capability and multidisciplinary research.
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| 2. |
- Jormfeldt, Henrika, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of the concept of health among nurses working in mental health services : a phenomenographic study
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 1445-8330 .- 1447-0349. ; 16:1, s. 50-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new understanding of the concept of health is needed to meet the goal of mental health nursing, which besides reducing disease is to strengthen the patient's health. The aim of the present study was to describe perceptions of the concept of health among nurses working in mental health services. Twelve Swedish nurses working in mental health services were interviewed and data were analysed with a phenomenographic approach. The nurses expressed 10 perceptions, which constituted three description categories: autonomy, process, and participation. The result showed that health was more than absence of disease. Simultaneously, perceptions were expressed indicating that health was viewed as absence of disease, which implies that the concept is not sufficiently defined. The result emphasizes the need to clarify the concept of health if it is to be used as a goal in mental health nursing and to integrate a clarified definition of health at all hierarchical levels in mental health care services.
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| 3. |
- Petersson, Lena, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Open Notes in Swedish Psychiatric Care (Part 2) : Survey Among Psychiatric Care Professionals
- 2018
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Ingår i: JMIR Mental Health. - Toronto : J M I R Publications, Inc.. - 2368-7959. ; 5:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: This is the second of two papers presenting the results from a study of the implementation of patient online access to their electronic health records (here referred to as Open Notes) in adult psychiatric care in Sweden. The study contributes an important understanding of both the expectations and concerns that existed among health care professionals before the introduction of the Open Notes Service in psychiatry and the perceived impact of the technology on their own work and patient behavior after the implementation. The results from the previously published baseline survey showed that psychiatric health care professionals generally thought that Open Notes would influence both the patients and their own practice negatively.Objective: The objective of this study was to describe and discuss how health care professionals in adult psychiatric care in Region Skåne in southern Sweden experienced the influence of Open Notes on their patients and their own practice, and to compare the results with those of the baseline study.Methods: We distributed a full population Web-based questionnaire to psychiatric care professionals in Region Skåne in the spring of 2017, which was one and a half years after the implementation of the service. The response rate was 27.73% (699/2521). Analyses showed that the respondents were representative of the staff as a whole. A statistical analysis examined the relationships between health professional groups and attitudes to the Open Notes Service.Results: A total of 41.5% (285/687) of the health care professionals reported that none of their patients stated that they had read their Open Notes. Few health care professionals agreed with the statements about the potential benefits for patients from Open Notes. Slightly more of the health care professionals agreed with the statements about the potential risks. In addition, the results indicate that there was little impact on practice in terms of longer appointments or health care professionals having to address patients' questions outside of appointments. However, the results also indicate that changes had taken place in clinical documentation. Psychologists (39/63, 62%) and doctors (36/94, 38%) in particular stated that they were less candid in their documentation after the implementation of Open Notes. Nearly 40% of the health care professionals (239/650, 36.8%) reported that the Open Notes Service in psychiatry was a good idea.Conclusions: Most health care professionals who responded to the postimplementation survey did not experience that patients in adult psychiatric care had become more involved in their care after the implementation of Open Notes. The results also indicate that the clinical documentation had changed after the implementation of Open Notes. Finally, the results indicate that it is important to prepare health care professionals before an implementation of Open Notes, especially in medical areas where the service is considered sensitive. ©Lena Petersson, Gudbjörg Erlingsdóttir. Originally published in JMIR Mental Health (http://mental.jmir.org), 21.06.2018.
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| 4. |
- Nilsson, Thomas, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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The precarious practice of forensic psychiatric risk assessments
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Law and Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-2527. ; 32:6, s. 400-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of forensic psychiatric risk assessments is discussed from a clinical point of view using the example of Sweden. A central task in forensic psychiatry has traditionally been to identify dangerous, mentally disordered subjects considered to be prone to commit violent acts. Over time, “dangerousness” has been reworded into “risk”. Nevertheless, such assessments have generally been based on the psychiatric factors characterising the individual patient, while group interaction, situational factors, or social and cultural circumstances, such as the availability of alcohol and drugs, have been largely overlooked. That risk assessments have a focused on people with a diagnosis of “mental disorder” and been used as grounds for coercive measures and integrity violations has somehow been accepted as a matter of course in the public and political debate. Even the basic question whether offenders with a mental disorder are really more prone to criminal recidivism than other offenders seems to have been treated light-handedly and dealt with merely by epidemiological comparisons between groups of persons with broad ranges of psychosocial vulnerability and the general population. Legal texts, instructions and guidelines from the authorities in charge are often vague and general, while actors in the judicial system seem to put their trust in psychiatric opinions. The exchange of professional opinions, general public expectations, and judicial decision processes poses a huge risk for misunderstandings based on divergent expectations and uses of terminology.
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| 5. |
- Falk Erhag, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Concluding Remarks
- 2022
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Ingår i: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing. - Chem : Springer. - 9783030780654 ; 18:2, s. 143-144
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Svedberg, Petra, 1973-
(författare)
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Attitudes to health promotion interventions among patients in mental health services : Differences in relation to socio-demographic clinical and health-related variables
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Mental Health. - : Informa Healthcare. - 0963-8237 .- 1360-0567. ; 20:2, s. 126-135
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Increasing evidence about the high social and economic costs of poor mental health has contributed to a growing recognition of the need for health promotion interventions in mental health services. In spite of this, little empirical research has been performed investigating patients' attitudes to health promotion interventions. Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate differences in patients' attitudes to health promotion interventions with regard to socio-demographic, clinical and health-related variables. Methods: The study has a cross-sectional design. The participants were recruited randomly and consisted of 141 outpatients, 91 women and 50 men. The participants rated their attitudes in accordance to the Health Promotion Intervention Questionnaire (HPIQ). Results: The result showed a clear indication that there are gender differences in attitudes of health promotion interventions in mental health services. The main significant differences were that, females rated overall health promotion interventions as well as alliance and empowerment as more important than males did. Conclusions: It is suggested that gender issues have to be considered in health promotion interventions in mental health services and taken into account in the assessment, planning and delivery of the interventions as well as the evaluation of outcomes.
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| 7. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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The Return of Lombroso? Ethical Aspects of (Visions of) Preventive Forensic Screening
- 2015
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Ingår i: Public Health Ethics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1754-9973 .- 1754-9981. ; 8:3, s. 270-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The vision of legendary criminologist Cesare Lombroso to use scientific theories of individual causes of crime as a basis for screening and prevention programmes targeting individuals at risk for future criminal behaviour has resurfaced, following advances in genetics, neuroscience and psychiatric epidemiology. This article analyses this idea and maps its ethical implications from a public health ethical standpoint. Twenty-seven variants of the new Lombrosian vision of forensic screening and prevention are distinguished, and some scientific and technical limitations are noted. Some lures, biases and structural factors, making the application of the Lombrosian idea likely in spite of weak evidence are pointed out and noted as a specific type of ethical aspect. Many classic and complex ethical challenges for health screening programmes are shown to apply to the identified variants and the choice between them, albeit with peculiar and often provoking variations. These variations are shown to actualize an underlying theoretical conundrum in need of further study, pertaining to the relationship between public health ethics and the ethics and values of criminal law policy.
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| 8. |
- Bergqvist, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Health care utilisation two years prior to suicide in Sweden: a retrospective explorative study based on medical records
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6963. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Previous literature has suggested that identifying putative differences in health care seeking patterns before death by suicide depending on age and gender may facilitate more targeted suicide preventive approaches. The aim of this study is to map health care utilisation among individuals in the two years prior to suicide in Sweden in 2015 and to examine possible age and gender differences. Methods Design: A retrospective explorative study with a medical record review covering the two years preceding suicide. Setting: All health care units located in 20 of Sweden's 21 regions. Participants: All individuals residing in participating regions who died by suicide during 2015 (n = 949). Results Almost 74% were in contact with a health care provider during the 3 months prior to suicide, and 60% within 4 weeks. Overall health care utilisation during the last month of life did not differ between age groups. However, a higher proportion of younger individuals (< 65 years) were in contact with psychiatric services, and a higher proportion of older individuals (>= 65 years) were in contact with primary and specialised somatic health care. The proportion of women with any type of health care contact during the observation period was larger than the corresponding proportion of men, although no gender difference was found among primary and specialised somatic health care users within four weeks and three months respectively prior to suicide. Conclusion Care utilisation before suicide varied by gender and age. Female suicide decedents seem to utilise health care to a larger extent than male decedents in the two years preceding death, except for the non-psychiatric services in closer proximity to death. Older adults seem to predominantly use non-psychiatric services, while younger individuals seek psychiatric services to a larger extent.
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| 9. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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If Forensic Psychiatry is the Science, What is its Object of Study? If it is a Branch of Medicine, What is the Disease? If it is a Specialty, What is its Topic of Expertise?
- 2015
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Ingår i: 34th International Congress on Law and Mental Health, Vienna, July 12-17, 2015.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper analyses, from a normative and taxonomical standpoint, the apparent fact that what forensic psychiatry (FP) as a science or a branch of medicine focus on is necessarily socially constructed in a specific way relating to positive law. FP busies itself with conditions which are (a) mental health problems (in itself partly socially determined) and (b) linked to criminality – especially severe criminality – in turn a concept determined by actual legal statutes in a given society. This notion of what FP ”is about" has to be held distinct from the idea of FP researching the possible causal connection between mental health factors and specific crimes of behaviour types, or that of FP employing mental health care interventions to influence the tendency of criminal or other sort of behaviour. While FP may certainly (attempt to) do these things (implying an interest in specific parts of nature, specific expertise, etc), the issue of how to characterize its generic object of study, interest or action is more profoundly conceptual in that it may inform us about what FP is and what object may or may not be properly studied or intervened upon based on FP. This, in turn, will also provide an answer to what exactly the expertise of an FP specialist is supposed to be about, as well as pertain to disputes over the proper social authority and impact of knowledge coming out of the FP area. The paper will explore and compare three distinct strategies for providing an answer to this question, which are both criticised from a normative and philosophical perspective. First, FP might try to characterise its object of interest by embracing the socio-political relativity implied by the fact that criminal law, implying that the object of FP changes with every difference between jurisdiction across countries as well as over time. This seems to imply that there is no such thing as one object of FP, no specific FP expertise, and so on and thus undermines the idea of FP as a science, specific health care speciality or expertise. Second, FP may adopt a very abstract definition of its object, possible to include all jurisdictional variations one might imagine. This, however, seems to imply a problematic boundlessness: the idea that practically any behaviour or human condition is a proper concern of FP (since any such may be criminalized in some jurisdiction). This, in turn implies normative problems both with regard to the claims about a particular FP expertise and with regard to the ethical integrity of FP as a scientific and medical field.
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| 10. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Questioning the patient in person centred care: ethical aspects: children, forensic psychiatry, and public health
- 2017
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Ingår i: Medical Argumentation and Patient Centred Care, University of Amsterdam, October 26-27, 2017..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The paper explores the room, both conceptually and ethically, for questioning, contradicting and adapting positions to patients in three specific areas: care of patients with vulnerable cpapcities for taking responsibility (adolescents and psychiatry), contexts of constrained autonomy (forensic care), and public health (antobiotic resistance stewardship and vaccination). These areas in various ethically relevant ways exhibit non-standard settings, compared to usual assumptions about the nature of patients and institutional contexts made when person centredness and shared decision-making are held out as primarily emancipating concepts. The paper probes to what extent that ethical idea may be maintained also in such non-standard settings.
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