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- Eckert, B., et al.
(författare)
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The recovery of brain function after hypoglycaemia in normal man
- 1992
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Ingår i: Diabetologia, 35, Suppl.1. ; , s. A43-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to evaluate the recovery of brain function after moderate hypoglycaemla in normal man. Hypoglycaemia was induced by an intravenous infusion of insulin (2.5 mU/kg) in seven healthy right-handed men aged 25.4+1.1 years (Mean • SD). The brain function was evaluated with P300-amplitude after auditory stimulus, reaction time measurements and EEG before, during (2.4+0.44 mmol/l for 70 min) and three times in the recovery period following hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycaemia caused a reduction in the P300-amplitude, a prolongation in reaction time and minor changes in the EEG-activity. 15 min after normalisation of the blood glucose level, the P300-amplitude was lower than during hypoglycaemia and still 1,5 hrs after normalisation of the blood glucose level, there was a marked reduction in the P3OO-amplitude. 4 hrs after normalisation of the blood glucose, the P300-amplitude was restituted. The reaction time was shorter 15 min after normalisation of the blood glucose compared to hypoglycaemia, but was not nermalised until 1,5 hrs after of recovery following hypoglycaemia. The EEG-changes were normalised 15 min after hypoglycaemia. We conclude that moderate hypglycaemia causes marked effects in P300 and reaction time and that brain function measured as P300 is not restored after 1,5 hrs but at 4 hrs after normalisation of hypoglycaemia.
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- Eriksson, T. Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
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Personality traits of prisoners as compared to general populations : signs of adjustment to the situation?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Personality and Individual Differences. - 0191-8869 .- 1873-3549. ; 107:1, s. 237-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two recent studies have challenged the well-established belief that offending behaviors are inversely related to the personality trait of conscientiousness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore prisoners’ levels of traits according to the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality compared to control groups, with a focus on conscientiousness. Two separate samples of inmates in Swedish high-security prisons were investigated in three studies. Inmates and non-inmates completed a Swedish-language translation of Goldberg’s (1999) International Personality Item Pool questionnaire (IPIP-NEO, Bäckström, 2007). Male inmates (n = 46) in Studies 1 and 2 scored higher on conscientiousness than non-inmates (norm data based on approximately 800 males, and a students’ sample), which conflicts with previous results. Study 3 further explored the conscientiousness differences on the facet level. Male and female inmates (n = 131) scored higher on order and self-discipline (even after an adjustment for social desirability) than students (n = 136). In conjunction with previous findings, these differences are interpreted as being either temporal or enduring adjustments to the prison environment. It is suggested that researchers and clinical teams should cautiously interpret the FFM factor of conscientiousness (and its facets) when planning the further treatment of inmates.
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- Lindgren, M., et al.
(författare)
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Restitution of neurophysiological functions, performance, and subjective symptoms after moderate insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in non-diabetic men
- 1996
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Ingår i: Diabetic Medicine. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0742-3071 .- 1464-5491. ; 13:3, s. 218-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The restoration of cognitive function was studied in 10 healthy men aged 26 years (25.5 +/- 1.2 years; mean +/- SD) after insulin-induced hypoglycaemia (arterialized blood glucose 2.5 +/- 0.4 mmol l-1) for 62 +/- 8 min. Another group of six men participated in a single blind sham study for comparison. The hypoglycaemic event caused a significant increase (p = 0.006) in serum adrenaline levels. Ratings of adrenergically mediated symptoms increased during hypoglycaemia (p = 0.006), as did neuroglycopenic symptoms (p = 0.002), although neuroglycopenia ratings increased in both studies. During hypoglycaemia, P300 amplitudes in a relatively demanding visual search task decreased (p = 0.02), whereas easier tasks were unaffected. The amplitudes were restored after 40 min of normoglycaemia. Reaction time deteriorated after restoration of normoglycaemia, suggesting an effect of hypoglycaemia on learning. Thus, hypoglycaemia at a blood glucose level that is common among patients treated with insulin causes clear cognitive dysfunction, although restoration of the cognitive dysfunction to normal was fast.
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- Ryding, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Motor imagery activates the cerebellum regionally : a SPECT rCBF study with 99mTc-HMPAO
- 1993
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Ingår i: Cognitive Brain Research. - 0926-6410 .- 1872-6348. ; 1:2, s. 94-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our earlier findings of a cerebellar activation during motor imagery (Brain Res., 535 (1990) 313-317) were made with a technique with low regional resolution. Therefore we could not elucidate the distribution of the cerebellar activation. In the present study the cerebellar regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes during motor imagery (MI) was measured with a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) rCBF method (99mTc-HMPAO) with higher regional resolution during (1) silent counting, and (2) MI (which included silent counting) in 17 normal subjects. Comparing the SPECT results from the two tasks revealed the regional activations during MI. We confirmed that the most pronounced regional activations during MI were found in the cerebellum, especially in its infero-lateral parts on both sides.
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