| 1. |
- Berteus Forslund, Helene, 1952, et al.
(författare)
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Number of teeth, body mass index, and dental anxiety in middle-aged Swedish women
- 2002
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Ingår i: Acta Odontol Scand. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 60:6, s. 346-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk factors for poor dental health include obesity, low socio-economic status, poor dietary habits, and dental anxiety. The aim of this study was to explore the complex relation between body mass index (BMI) and number of teeth in middle-aged women taking education, dietary intake patterns, dental care utilization, and dental anxiety into account. Three groups of women (37-60 years): reference women (group I, BMI 23.8 +/- 3.1 kg/m2), obese women (group II, BMI 35.0 +/- 2.6 kg/m2), and severely obese women (group III, BMI 41.0 +/- 3.4 kg/m2) were included. Questionnaires were used to assess education, smoking, number of teeth, dental care utilization, dental anxiety, dietary intake, and meal patterns. Age, education, and smoking habits did not differ significantly between groups. However, there were significant global differences in number of teeth (27.2 +/- 3.4, 23.0 +/- 9.2, 24.7 +/- 5.9) and reported daily energy intake (9756 +/- 3363 kJ, 10344 +/- 3850 kJ, 11970 +/- 3786 kJ in groups I, II, and m, respectively). In a multiple regression model, a lower number of teeth was independently associated with higher age, higher BMI, lower education, irregular dental care, high dental anxiety, higher energy intake, and lower iron intake. These variables explained 25% of the variation in number of teeth. In conclusion, BMI is an independent predictor of number of teeth in middle-aged women when socio-economic, dietary, and psychological factors are taken into account.
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| 2. |
- Abrahamsson, Kajsa H., 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Phobic avoidance and regular dental care in fearful dental patients: a comparative study.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 16, s. 188-196
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present investigation was a comparative study of 169 highly fearful dental patients, some of whom received regular dental care (n = 28) and some who never, or only when absolutely necessary, utilized dental care (n = 141). It was hypothesized that phobic avoidance is related to anticipatory stress and anxiety reactions, negative oral health effects, psychological distress, and negative social consequences. Background factors (sex, age, education, and dental attendance pattern), dental anxiety, general fears, general state and trait anxiety, mood states, depression, and quality of life effects were studied. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and with exploratory factor and multiple logistic regression analysis. It was shown that dental anxiety is significantly higher among the avoiders and this is in particular evident for anticipatory dental anxiety. Oral health differed between the groups, and it was shown that avoiders had significantly more missing teeth, whereas regular attenders had significantly more filled teeth. The avoiders reported a stronger negative impact on their daily life, whereas there were no significant differences between the groups with regard to general emotions. The logistic regression analysis showed that phobic avoidance was predicted only by anticipated dental anxiety and missing teeth. It was concluded that differences between high dental fear patients with regular dental care and phobic avoidance were mainly related to anticipated fear and anxiety, oral health effects, and concomitant negative life consequences. These results are discussed in terms of subjective stress, negative cognitions, social support, and coping-strategies.
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| 3. |
- Abrahamsson, Kajsa H., 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Psychosocial aspects of dental and general fears in dental phobic patients.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 58:1, s. 37-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phobic reactions can often be a significant health problem for fearful dental patients. This is true in particular for individuals with long-time avoidance and elevated general psychological distress. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of dental fear among 67 dental phobic individuals with a low versus high degree of general fear. Reported etiologic background factors, avoidance time, general psychological distress and psychosocial manifestations and consequences of dental phobia were studied. No significant difference in dental anxiety level between individuals with low versus high general fear was found, and both groups reported high frequencies of negative dental experiences. The low-fear group reported a longer (though not statistically significant) average avoidance time than the high-fear group. However, patients with a high level of general fear showed a significantly higher degree of psychological distress, and also reported stronger negative social consequences from their dental anxiety. These results indicate that the character of dental fear might be different between different groups of fearful patients, which makes the condition psychologically handicapping. Such aspects should be assessed in the diagnostic analysis of patients with severe dental anxiety. In particular, assessments of signs of general psychological distress are warranted.
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| 4. |
- Acharya, Shikha, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical characterization of women with burning mouth syndrome in a case-control study.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-3850 .- 0001-6357. ; 76:4, s. 279-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic orofacial pain disorder that is defined by a burning sensation in the oral mucosa. The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying factors, clinical characteristics and self-reported oral and general health factors associated with BMS.Fifty-six women with BMS (mean age: 67.7) and their age-matched controls were included in the study. A general questionnaire, an OHRQL index and BMS-specific questionnaires were used. Each subject underwent an oral examination.The mean severity of the BMS symptoms (VAS, 0-100) was 66.2 (SD 19.7). Overall, 45% of the patients reported taste disturbances. More of the patients than the controls rated their general health, oral health and life situation as 'less satisfactory'. The patients also reported more frequently on-going medications, diseases/disorders, xerostomia, allergy and skin diseases. Except for more bruxofacets among the patients, there were no significant differences regarding signs of parafunction. In a multiple logistic regression analysis, xerostomia and skin diseases showed the strongest prediction for BMS and no significant effect was found for medication, allergy or bruxofacets.Skin diseases and xerostomia but not parafunction were strongly associated with BMS. Our findings provide the basis for additional studies to elucidate the causal factors of BMS.
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| 5. |
- Adern, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction and pain in adult general practice patients
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 72:8, s. 585-590
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To analyse the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and related pain (TMD-pain) among adult recall patients in general dental practice. Materials and methods. From November 2006 to September 2008, all adults attending a Swedish Public Dental Service (PDS) clinic for recall examination were asked two standardized questions about temporomandibular pain and dysfunction. Mouth-opening capacity was measured. The responses to the questions and mouth-opening capacity were combined to give a TMD-pain score, on a scale of 0-3. The patients' acceptance of their TMD condition was also noted. Results. The subjects comprised 2837 adults (53% females, 47% men). Of the total sample, 4.9% reported a TMD-pain score of 1-3. The gender difference was significant: women predominated (p < 0.003). Forty-three per cent of those with TMD-pain scores of 1-3 (36% men, 47% women) considered that the condition warranted treatment, especially those registering a pain score (significant difference between pain and dysfunction groups, p < 0.000). Conclusions. The TMD-pain score shows promise as a useful instrument for detecting and recording TMD-pain. The prevalence of TMD disclosed in the study is high enough to be considered a public health concern. Most of the subjects with lower scores on the TMD-pain scale accepted their condition as not severe enough to require treatment.
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| 6. |
- Adern, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reportance of temporomandibular disorders in adult patients attending general dental practice in Sweden from 2011 to 2013
- 2018
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 76:7, s. 530-534
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The study aim was to evaluate the prevalence of self-reported temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and acceptance or nonacceptance of such disorders in adult patients attending all public dental health services in the County of Sormland, Sweden, during a 3-year period, 2011-2013. Methods: Two questions were asked about TMD and the voluntary mouth-opening capacity was measured. The results were registered in a score 0-3. The registration was completed with a question about each patient's acceptance or nonacceptance of their condition. Results: More than 73,000 registrations of the TMD condition were performed in general dental clinics from 2011 to 2013. The mean prevalence of a TMD score of 1-3 was 5% and was consistent over these years. Seventy percent of these patients were women. The peak prevalence of TMD was registered in patients aged 30-45years (38%), and the frequency declined in older age groups. Reduced voluntary mouth-opening capacity (<= 35 mm) was found in less than 2% of the participants. About one-fifth of the patients with a TMD-score of 1-3 did not accept their condition and wanted professional care. The frequency of nonacceptance of the condition increased with the severity of symptom score: 15%, 27%, and 49% for scores 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Conclusions: This study shows that the prevalence of self-reported TMD in adult patients was consistent from 2011 to 2013 and should be considered as a public health issue in Sweden. Patients with more severe TMD pain symptoms wanted care more frequent. The annual clinical calibrations should be continued to achieve an acceptable level of registration.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Adolfsson, A., et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of dry mouth in adult patients in primary health care
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 80:8, s. 605-610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To determine the prevalence and severity of dry mouth by age, gender, presence of disease, and medication intake for patients aged 18 years and over, seeking primary health care on the west coast of Sweden (Region of Vastra Gotaland, VGR). Materials and methods Cross-sectional study conducted among patients (n = 374, age >= 18) visiting primary health care providers (n = 4) in VGR for any medical reasons. Patients were invited to participate by answering a single-item question, 'Have you experienced dry mouth in the last six months?' Patients giving positive answers (n = 163) were asked to fill in the 11-item Xerostomia Inventory (XI) questionnaire to determine the variability and severity of xerostomia. Patients replying 'No' (n = 211) to the single-item question were considered not to have xerostomia and included in the non-xerostomia group. Results The overall prevalence of xerostomia was 43.6% with a female dominance (61.2%). The prevalence in different age groups among females and males was similar. The number of medications and/or diseases are positively associated with xerostomia. Medication was a significant predictor of the prevalence of xerostomia, regardless of age and gender (p < .001). Patients with five or more medications had the highest prevalence of xerostomia (71.2%). Conclusion Patients seeking primary care on the west coast of Sweden have a high prevalence of xerostomia. Factors associated with xerostomia were female gender and medications and/or diseases. Awareness is required to manage patients with xerostomia in medical and dental care.
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| 9. |
- Afshari, Mariam, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of an oral health-related quality of life questionnaire on neurosensory disturbances after orthognathic surgery - a pilot study.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-3850 .- 0001-6357. ; 80:8, s. 635-640
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development of a new questionnaire, Oral Health-Related Quality of Life - Neurosensory Disturbances after Orthognathic Surgery (OHRQL-NDO), designed to measure the effects of neurosensory disturbance (NSD) on patients' oral health-related quality of life (OHRQL) and to evaluate reliability and validity of this questionnaire.A questionnaire including 11 items was constructed. Thirty patients with NSD affecting the lower lip and/or chin following orthognathic surgery were included. Convergent validity was assessed by comparing OHRQL-NDO with OHIP-14 and two global questions. Test-retest reliability was assessed by asking the patients to complete OHRQL-NDO at two different occasions with an interval of two to threeweeks.The internal consistency, measured with Cronbach's alpha, was 0.84. The test-retest reliability, measured with ICC, was 0.89 (95% CI 0.77-0.95). The correlation between the mean sum score for the OHRQL-NDO and the mean sum score for the OHIP-14 was r=0.75, using Pearson correlation coefficient. The correlations between the mean total score for the OHRQL-NDO and the global questions 1 and 2 were r=0.74 and r=0.72, respectively.The current instrument OHRQL-NDO is a promising test, but needs further development to better capture the different aspects of OHRQL. Further tests of the questionnaire must follow in other samples to finalize the instrument.
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| 10. |
- Agdal, Maren Lillehaug, et al.
(författare)
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Quality-of-life before and after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in patients with intra-oral injection phobia
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 70:6, s. 463-470
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To evaluate quality-of-life (QoL), before and after cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in patients diagnosed with intra-oral injection phobia according to DSM-IV and to compare with the general population. This study also aimed to evaluate if QoL was associated with self-reported injection anxiety, dental anxiety, time since last dental treatment and oral health. Materials and methods. Subjects were 55 patients (mean age 35.5 +/- 12.2, 78.2% women) who participated in a treatment study in which 89% managed an intra-oral injection at 1 year follow-up. The patients completed a set of questionnaires including Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI), Injection Phobia Scale-Anxiety, Dental Anxiety Scale and a single-item question assessing self-perceived oral health. Objective measures of oral health and treatment needs were based on clinical examination. QOLI-scores from a non-clinical sample were used for comparison. Results. Before treatment the general and health specific QoL were lower among intra-oral injection phobics than in the non-clinical sample. At 1 year follow-up the QoL in general had improved significantly and was similar to that of the non-clinical sample. Poor self-reported oral health and long-term avoidance of dental treatment were associated with lower general and health-specific QoL. Self-reported injection anxiety and dental anxiety were not associated with QoL. Conclusions. Patients with intra-oral injection phobia report lower QoL compared with a general population. Phobia treatment seems to increase QoL to normative levels. Self-perceived poor oral health is associated with reduced QoL in these patients.
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| 11. |
- Ahl, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Translation and validation of the English-language instrument Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionair into Swedish
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 79:1, s. 19-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: In orthognathic surgery, understanding the patient’s motives for treatment is a key factor for postoperative patient satisfaction and treatment success. In countries/systems where orthognathic surgery is funded by public means, patients are referred mainly due to functional problems, although studies of quality of life related changes after treatment indicate that psychosocial and aesthetic reasons might be equal or more important for the patient. There is no available validated condition specific instruments in the Swedish language for quality of life evaluation of patients with dentofacial deformities. Aims/objectives: Cross cultural translation and adaptation of the English-language instrument ‘Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire’ (OQLQ) into Swedish. Methods: OQLQ was translated into Swedish. A total of 121 patients in four groups were recruited and the Swedish version of the OQLQ (OQLQ-S) was tested by psychometric methods. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Validity was evaluated by face, convergent and discriminant validity. Results/findings and conclusions: OQLQ-S is reliable and showed good construct validity and internal consistency and can be used in a Swedish speaking population as a complement to clinical variables to evaluate patients with dentofacial deformity. © 2020, © 2020 Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Society.
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| 12. |
- Ahlgren, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Levels of gold in plasma after dental gold inlay insertion.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-3850 .- 0001-6357. ; 65:6, s. 331-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Several studies have reported increased levels of gold (Au) in the blood of patients with dental gold restorations. This study analyzed gold levels in blood plasma before dental gold inlay insertion, 0-12 months after, and 15 years after. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Plasma samples from 9 patients were taken before and 0-10 months after gold inlay insertion. Fifteen years after gold inlay insertion, further blood samples taken from 8 of these patients were analyzed for gold using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. An oral examination was also carried out before and 15 years after gold inlay insertion. RESULTS: Gold levels in plasma were significantly higher 0-12 months after gold inlay insertion than before treatment (p=0.008). No significant difference in gold plasma levels was found between 0-12 months after and 15 years after insertion (p=0.109), although there was a significant correlation between the number of gold alloy surfaces and the amount of gold in plasma 15 years after insertion (p=0.028). CONCLUSIONS: This study supports a dose-related release of gold into plasma from dental gold restorations, a release that appears to be stable over time.
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| 13. |
- Ahlqwist, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Dental status of women in a 24-year longitudinal and cross-sectional study. Results from a population study of women in Göteborg.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 57:3, s. 162-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the study was to describe dental health status among middle-aged and elderly women over a 24-year period. Because of the design of the study it was possible to make both longitudinal and cross-sectional comparisons. The study started in 1968-69 with a combined medical and dental examination of women aged between 38 and 60 years. New dental examinations of these same women were performed in 1980-81 and again in 1992-93, and included new cohorts of 38-year-old women on both occasions. In the cross-sectional perspective, it was shown that the number of edentate individuals decreased significantly during the 24-year period. Among dentate women, the number of remaining teeth and restored teeth increased significantly cross-sectionally. However, the youngest age group, women of 38 years, showed a lower number of restored teeth in the latest study (in 1992-93). There was also a lower number of crowns, root-fillings, and pontics in the latest study for the youngest age group. The two older age groups studied cross-sectionally showed similar numbers in all studies. In the longitudinal study, there was a decrease with time in incidence of edentulism. Among the dentate women in the longitudinal study the number of restored teeth related to those remaining was high (range 76-90%) and did not change much between the studies in the different age groups. There was a clear tendency during the 24-year period in all age groups for more teeth to be restored with crowns rather than different fillings. In conclusion, this population study, with a follow-up of 24 years, shows that dental status improved in that fewer individuals lost all their teeth and younger age groups have more remaining teeth and fewer restorations than previously.
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| 14. |
- Ahmed, Naveen, et al.
(författare)
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Tumor necrosis factor mediates temporomandibular joint bone tissue resorption in rheumatoid arthritis
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 73:3, s. 232-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate if TNF, IL-1 or their endogenous controls, in relation to ACPA, are associated with radiological signs of ongoing temporomandibular joint (TMJ) bone tissue resorption and disc displacement in RA patients. METHODS: Twenty-two consecutive outpatients with TMJ of RA were included. Systemic inflammatory activity was assessed by DAS28. The number of painful regions in the body and ESR, CRP, RF and ACPA were analyzed. TMJ synovial fluid and blood samples were obtained and analyzed for TNF, TNFsRII, IL-1ra, IL-1sRII and ACPA. The ratios between the mediators and their endogenous control receptors were used in the statistical analysis. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in closed- and open-mouth positions and evaluated regarding disc position and presence of condylar and temporal erosions of the TMJ. RESULTS: A high TNF level in relation to TNFsRII in TMJ synovial fluid correlated to the degree of TMJ condylar erosion. A high IL-1ra level in relation to TNF in TMJ synovial fluid was also correlated to the degree of TMJ condylar erosion. The total degree of TMJ condylar erosion was correlated with the number of painful regions. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that TNF in TMJ synovial fluid mediates TMJ cartilage and bone tissue resorption in RA. The study also suggests that the degree of endogenous cytokine control is of importance for development of bone tissue destruction.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Aidoukovitch, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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Exogenous LL-37 but not homogenates of desquamated oral epithelial cells shows activity against Streptococcus mutans
- 2021
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 79:6, s. 466-472
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The antimicrobial peptide hCAP18/LL-37 is detected in desquamated epithelial cells of human whole saliva, but the functional importance of this pool of hCAP18/LL-37 is not understood. Here, we assess the impact of homogenates of desquamated oral epithelial cells and exogenous, synthetic LL-37 on two oral bacteria: S. mutans and S. gordonii. Material and methods: Desquamated epithelial cells of unstimulated whole saliva were isolated and cellular and extracellular levels of hCAP18/LL-37 analyzed by ELISA. Bacterial viability was determined by BacLight Live/Dead staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results: Desquamated oral epithelial cells harboured hCAP18/LL-37, and they spontaneously released/leaked the peptide to their medium. Exogenous, synthetic LL-37 showed cytotoxic activity against S. mutans but not S gordonii, suggesting that LL-37 acts differentially on these two types of oral bacteria. Homogenates of desquamated oral epithelial cells had no effect on S. mutans viability. Treatment with exogenous, synthetic LL-37 (8 and 10 μM) reduced S. mutans viability, whereas lower concentrations (0.1 and 1 µM) of the peptide lacked effect. Conclusions: Desquamated oral epithelial cells contain hCAP18/LL-37, but their cellular levels of hCAP18/LL-37 are too low to affect S. mutans viability, whereas exogenous, synthetic LL-37 has a strong effect on these bacteria.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Al-Khotani, Amal, et al.
(författare)
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Study on self-assessment regarding knowledge of temporomandibular disorders in children/adolescents by Swedish and Saudi Arabian dentists
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 73:7, s. 522-529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To estimate the degree of self-assessed knowledge among dentists in Sweden and Saudi Arabia regarding temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in children and adolescents using a summative form of assessment and further to investigate the possible factors that may influence the self-assessed knowledge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire survey covering four domains (Etiology; Diagnosis and classification; Chronic pain and pain behavior; Treatment and prognosis) regarding TMD knowledge was used. Out of 250 questionnaires (125 in each country) a total of 65 (52%) were returned in Sweden and 104 (83%) in Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: Self-assessed individual knowledge was significantly associated to the level of actual knowledge among the Swedish groups in the domains Etiology; Diagnosis and classification and Treatment and prognosis (p < 0.05). However, in the Saudi Arabian groups a corresponding significant association was only found in the domain Diagnosis and classification (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that there is a difference in the accuracy of self-assessment of own knowledge between the dentists in Sweden and Saudi Arabia. The Swedish dentists have a better ability to assess their level of knowledge compared to Saudi Arabian dentists regarding TMD in children and adolescents. This difference could be related to several factors such as motivation, positive feedback, reflection, psychomotor, and interpersonal skills, which all are more dominant in the Swedish educational tradition.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Alexandersen, V, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects of teeth from archaelogic sites in Sweden and Denmark.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Acta odontologica Scandinavica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6357 .- 1502-3850. ; 56:1, s. 14-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to examine ground sections of primary second molars and permanent first molars from the same jaws. Teeth from 11 individuals were collected from archaeologic sites in Sweden and Denmark. Longitudinal buccolingual sections were examined in a polarization light microscope and in a Philips scanning electron microscope (SEM). The seven teeth from Sweden appeared to have been subjected to environmental influences at their burial site, which had affected both the dentin and the enamel. The teeth from the Danish sites had a normal color, and no disintegration of the dentin was seen. The general morphologic appearance was normal in all primary and permanent teeth. The position of the neonatal line indicated a normal full-term gestational age. The observed accentuated incremental lines in both the primary and permanent enamel suggested periods of dietary changes, possibly related to periods of illness. SEM images of the surface area of the Swedish teeth showed an extremely porous enamel surface with severe changes in the prism structure as an effect of acid penetration. The Danish teeth did not show any marked changes in the enamel.
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