| 1. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioural hearing tactics. : A controlled trial of a short treatment programme.
- 1997
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 35:6, s. 523-530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Nineteen elderly hearing impaired subjects participated in an experimental treatment study and received either behavioural hearing tactics or served as untreated controls. Treatment was supplied in the form of a self-help treatment manual supplied with telephone contacts during 4 consecutive weeks. The treatment manual included applied relaxation, communication strategies training, advice to relatives, information, and coping skills. Assessments (pre-post) were conducted in a structured interview measuring coping behaviour. In order to evoke behavioural compensation small acoustic provocations were included in the interview. Pre-post assessments also included questionnaires, daily registered hearing problems, and hours of daily hearing aid use. Results showed significant beneficial effects in favour of the treatment in terms of self-assessed problems and behaviour change.
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| 2. |
- Bergström, Gunnar, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term, non-specific spinal pain: reliable and valid subgroups of patients
- 2001
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 39:1, s. 75-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to identify reliable and valid subgroups of spinal pain patients, using data from the Swedish version of the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI-S). A second aim was to test the generalisability of the three patient profiles described in earlier studies on the MPI (”adaptive coper”, ”dysfunctional” and ”interpersonally distressed” patients). The study base consisted of two samples of individuals suffering from long-term, non-specific spinal pain and the results were validated across these samples. Cluster analysis was used to detect distinct groups of patients and the validity of these subgroups was evaluated on variables not used to generate the cluster solution. One subgroup was characterised by lower pain severity, lower interference with everyday activities, lower affective distress and higher life control than the other two subgroups. This patient profile was similar to the MPI adaptive coper patients. A second subgroup resembled the dysfunctional patient profile, thus displaying a worse adjustment to chronic pain than the AC patients. The third patient group reported significantly lower levels of social support from “significant others” than the other subgroups. This patient profile was similar to that of the interpersonally distressed patient group. Taken together, the results support the reliability, validity and generalisability of three subgroups of chronic pain patients derived from the MPI-S.
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| 3. |
- Saboonchi, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Perfectionism and self-consciousness in social phobia and panic disorder with agoraphobia
- 1999
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 37:9, s. 799-808
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Social phobics were compared to patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia and normal controls on perfectionism and self-consciousness. On concern over mistakes and doubts about action, social phobics scored higher than patients with panic disorder. Social phobics also demonstrated a higher level of public self-consciousness than patients with panic disorder and when this difference was controlled for the significant differences on perfectionism disappeared. Within each patient group, however, perfectionism was more robustly related to social anxiety than was public self-consciousness, which replicates the findings of Saboonchi and Lundh [Saboonchi, F. & Lundh, L. G. (1997). Perfectionism, self-consciousness and anxiety. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 921–928.] from a non-clinical sample. The results are discussed in terms of public self-consciousness being a differentiating characteristic of the more severe kind of social anxiety which is typical of social phobia.
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| 4. |
- Soares, Joaquim, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Preattentive processing, preparedness and phobias: Effects of instructions on conditioned electrodermal responses to masked and non-masked fear-relevant stimuli
- 1993
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 31:1, s. 87-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We hypothetized that autonomic responses conditioned to fear-relevant stimuli, in contrast to responses conditioned to neutral stimuli, can be elicited after only an automatic, non-conscious analysis of the stimulus. Consequently, they may be expected to be insensitive to verbal instructions. Normal subjects were conditioned to either fear-relevant stimuli (snakes or spiders) or neutral stimuli (flowers or mushrooms) in a differential conditioning paradigm with shock as the unconditioned stimulus. In a subsequent extinction series, half of the subjects were shown the conditioned stimuli under masking conditions preventing their conscious recognition, whereas the other half were exposed to non-masked stimuli. Then half of the subjects in each of the masking conditions were verbally instructed that no more shocks would be delivered and then the extinction trials followed. Consistent with our hypothesis, differential responses to the fear-relevant CSs+ and CSs− remained unaffected by both masking and instruction, whereas differential responding to neutral stimuli was wiped out by the masking procedure and the verbal instruction.
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| 5. |
- Öst, Lars-Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Appied relaxation vs cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of panic disorder
- 1995
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 33:2, s. 145-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated the efficacy of a coping-technique, applied relaxation (AR) and cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), in the treatment of panic disorder. Thirty-eight outpatients fulfilling the DSM-III-R criteria for panic disorder with no (n = 30) or mild (n = 8) avoidance were assessed with independent assessor ratings, self-report scales and self-observation of panic attacks before and after treatment, and at a 1-yr follow-up. The patients were treated individually for 12 weekly sessions. The results showed that both treatments yielded very large improvements, which were maintained, or furthered at follow-up. There was no difference between AR and CBT on any measure. The proportion of panic-free patients were 65 and 74% at post-treatment, and 82 and 89% at follow-up, for AR and CBT, respectively. There were no relapses at follow-up, on the contrary 55% of the patients who still had panic attacks at post-treatment were panic-free at follow-up. Besides affecting panic attacks the treatments also yielded marked and lasting changes on generalized anxiety, depression and cognitive misinterpretations. The conclusion that can be drawn is that both AR and CBT are effective treatments for panic disorder without avoidance.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
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A controlled trial of cognitive-behavior therapy combined with vestibular rehabilitation in the treatment of dizziness
- 2006
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 44:9, s. 1265-1273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dizziness is a common and often untreated symptom in the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a combined cognitive-behavioral/vestibular rehabilitation (VR) program, using a randomized control design. A total of 29 participants were randomized to treatment consisting of psychoeducation, vestibular exercises, relaxation and cognitive interventions, or to serve as waiting list controls. Measures of dizziness-related handicap, dizziness-provoking movements, and daily diary registrations of dizziness symptoms at pre- and post-treatment showed statistically significant improvements in many domains, which translated to moderate effect sizes. These findings provide preliminary support for the combination of Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and VR methods in the treatment of dizziness.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
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Free choice of treatment content, support on demand and supervision in internet-delivered CBT for adults with depression : A randomized factorial design trial
- 2023
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Even if much is known regarding the effects of internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) for depression there are several topics that have not been studied. In this factorial design trial with 197 participants we investigated if clients in ICBT could select treatment modules themselves based on a selection of 15 tailored treatment modules developed for use in ICBT for depression. We contrasted this against clinician-tailored module selection. We also investigated if support on demand (initiated by the client) could work as well as scheduled support. Finally, we tested if clients that were mentioned in supervision would improve more than clients not mentioned (with the exception of acute cases). The treatment period lasted for 10 weeks, and we measured effects at post-treatment and two-year follow-up. Measures of depression and secondary outcomes were collected at pre-treatment, post-treatment and two-year follow-up. Overall, within-group effects were large across con-ditions (e.g., d = 1.73 on the BDI-II). We also found a small but significant difference in favour of self-tailored treatment over clinician-tailored (d = 0.26). Within-group effects for the secondary measures were all moderate to large including a test of knowledge about CBT. The other two contrasts "support on demand" and "supervision" yielded mostly non-significant differences, with the exception of a larger dropout rate in the support on demand condition. There were few negative effects (2.2%). Effects were largely maintained at a two-year follow-up. We conclude that clients can choose treatment modules and that support on demand may work. The role of su-pervision is not yet clear as advice can be transferred across clients.
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
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Therapeutic alliance in guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioural treatment of depression, generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder
- 2012
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 50:9, s. 544-550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Guided internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (ICBT) has been found to be effective in several controlled trials, but the mechanisms of change are largely unknown. Therapeutic alliance is a factor that has been studied in many psychotherapy trials, but the role of therapeutic alliance in ICBT is less well known. The present study investigated early alliance ratings in three separate samples. Participants from one sample of depressed individuals (N = 49), one sample of individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (N = 35), and one sample with social anxiety disorder (N = 90) completed the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) modified for ICBT early in the treatment (weeks 3-4) when they took part in guided ICBT for their conditions. Results showed that alliance ratings were high in all three samples and that the WAI including the subscales of Task, Goal and Bond had high internal consistencies. Overall, correlations between the WAI and residualized change scores on the primary outcome measures were small and not statistically significant. We conclude that even if alliance ratings are in line with face-to-face studies, therapeutic alliance as measured by the WAI is probably less important in ICBT than in regular face-to-face psychotherapy.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Gerhard
(författare)
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Using the Internet to provide cognitive behaviour therapy
- 2009
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Ingår i: BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 47:3, s. 175-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new treatment form has emerged that merges cognitive behaviour therapy with the Internet. By delivering treatment components, mainly in the form of texts presented via web pages, and provide ongoing support using e-mail promising outcomes can be achieved. The literature on this novel form of treatment has grown rapidly over recent years with several controlled trials in the field of anxiety disorders, mood disorders and behavioural medicine. For some of the conditions for which Internet-delivered CBT has been tested, independent replications have shown large effect sizes, for example in the treatment of social anxiety disorder. In some studies, Internet-delivered treatment can achieve similar outcomes as in face-to-face CBT, but the literature thus far is restricted mainly to efficacy trials. This article provides a brief summary of the evidence, comments on the role of the therapist and for which patient and therapist this is suitable. Areas of future research and exploration are identified.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Bergbom, Sofia, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Both early and late changes in psychological variables relate to treatment outcome for musculoskeletal pain patients at risk for disability
- 2013
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 50:11, s. 726-734
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We know little about why some people get better after psychological treatments for pain disability, whereas other people do not. In order to understand differences in treatment response, we need to explore processes of change during treatment. It has been suggested that people with pain complaints who change early in treatment have better outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether changes in psychological variables at different time points are related to outcome, and whether early or late changes are better predictors of outcome. We used the fear avoidance model as a theoretical framework. We followed 64 patients weekly over 6–7 weeks and then determined outcome. Our findings indicate that people who decrease in catastrophizing and function early in treatment as well as in depressive symptoms, worry, fear avoidance beliefs and function late in treatment have better outcomes. Early decreases in function, and late decreases in depressive symptoms and worry uniquely predict improvements in disability. While early and late changes covaried concurrently, there were no significant sequential relationships between early and late changes. Changes in the proposed process variables in the fear avoidance model, early as well as late in treatment, thus add valuable information to the explanation of outcome.
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| 13. |
- Berger, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-based treatment of social phobia: A randomized controlled trial comparing unguided with two types of guided self-help
- 2011
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Ingår i: BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 49:3, s. 158-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet-based self-help for social phobia with minimal therapist support via email have shown efficacy in several controlled trials by independent research teams. The role and necessity of therapist guidance is, however, still largely unclear. The present study compared the benefits of a 10-week web-based unguided self-help treatment for social phobia with the same intervention complemented with minimal, although weekly, therapist support via email. Further, a third treatment arm was included, in which the level of support was flexibly stepped up, from no support to email or telephone contact, on demand of the participants. Eighty-one individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for social phobia were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions. Primary outcome measures were self-report measures of symptoms of social phobia. Secondary outcome measures included symptoms of depression, interpersonal problems, and general symptomatology. Measures were taken at baseline, post-treatment, and at 6-month follow-up. Data from a telephone-administered diagnostic interview conducted at post-treatment were also included. Results showed significant symptom reductions in all three treatment groups with large effect sizes for primary social phobia measures (Cohens d=1.47) and for secondary outcome measures (d=1.16). No substantial and significant between-groups effects were found on any of the measures (Cohens d=00-.36). Moreover, no difference between the three conditions was found regarding diagnosis-free status, clinically significant change, dropout rates, or adherence measures such as lessons or exercises completed. These findings indicate that Internet-delivered treatment for social phobia is a promising treatment option, whether no support is provided or with two different types of therapist guidance.
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| 14. |
- Bergman Nordgren, Lise, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of individually tailored Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety disorders in a primary care population : A randomized controlled trial
- 2014
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 59, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A significant proportion of the general population suffers from anxiety disorders, often with comorbid psychiatric conditions. Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) has been found to be a potent treatment for patients with specific psychiatric conditions. The aim of this trial was to investigate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of ICBT when tailoring the treatment to address comorbidities and preferences for primary-care patients with a principal anxiety disorder. One hundred participants were recruited through their primary-care contact and randomized to either treatment or an active control group. The treatment consisted of 7-10 weekly individually assigned modules guided by online therapists. At post-treatment, 46% of the treatment group had achieved clinically significant improvement on the primary outcome measure (CORE-OM) and between-group effect sizes ranged from d = 0.20 to 0.86, with a mean effect of d = 0.59. At one-year follow-up, within-group effect sizes varied between d = 0.53 to 1.00. Cost analysis showed significant reduction of total costs for the ICBT group, the results were maintained at one-year follow-up and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio favored ICBT compared to control group. Individually tailored ICBT is an effective and cost-effective treatment for primary-care patients with anxiety disorders with or without comorbidities. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01390168.
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| 15. |
- Blom, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Internet-vs. group-delivered cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia : A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 70, s. 47-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to compare guided Internet-delivered to group-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for insomnia. We conducted an 8-week randomized controlled non-inferiority trial with 6-months follow-up. Participants were forty-eight adults with insomnia, recruited via media. Interventions were guided Internet-delivered CBT (ICBT) and group-delivered CBT (GCBT) for insomnia. Primary outcome measure was the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), secondary outcome measures were sleep diary data, depressive symptoms, response- and remission rates. Both treatment groups showed significant improvements and large effect sizes for ISI (Within Cohen's d: ICBT post = 1.8, 6-months follow-up = 2.1; GCBT post = 2.1, 6-months follow-up = 2.2). Confidence interval of the difference between groups posttreatment and at FU6 indicated non-inferiority of ICBT compared to GCBT. At post-treatment, two thirds of patients in both groups were considered responders (ISI-reduction > 7p). Using diagnostic criteria, 63% (ICBT) and 75% (GCBT) were in remission. Sleep diary data showed moderate to large effect sizes. We conclude that both guided Internet-CBT and group-CBT in this study were efficacious with regard to insomnia severity, sleep parameters and depressive symptoms. The results are in line with previous research, and strengthen the evidence for guided Internet-CBT for insomnia. Trial registration: The study protocol was approved by, and registered with, the regional ethics review board in Linkoping, Sweden, registration number 2010/385-31. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 16. |
- Boersma, Katja, et al.
(författare)
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How does persistent pain develop? : An analysis of the relationship between psychological variables, pain and function across stages of chronicity
- 2005
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - Oxford : Pergamon. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 43:11, s. 1495-1507
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fear-avoidance model is an attempt to underscore the importance of cognitive and behavioral factors, in a chain of events linking pain to disability. However, it is not clear at what time point the psychological variables within the model begin to be prominent. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of these psychological variables in the development of a chronic musculoskeletal pain problem. Three stages of chronicity, defined by duration of pain, provided a proxy for the developmental process: <1 year (N=48), 1–3 years (N=47) and >3 years (N=89). Subjects completed questionnaires on fear of movement, catastrophizing, depression, pain and function. The results indicate that the relationship between fear of movement and function is moderated by the stage of chronicity. Regression analyses showed that fear of movement did not explain any variance in the group with pain duration <1 year. Fear of movement did explain variance in the groups with pain duration of 1–3 years and >3 years. This suggests that the time point in the development of a musculoskeletal pain problem might be an essential aspect of the importance of the relationship between psychological components and function.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Brinkborg, Hillevi, et al.
(författare)
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Acceptance and commitment therapy for the treatment of stress among social workers : A randomized controlled trial
- 2011
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 49:6-7, s. 389-398
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic stress increases the risk of health problems and absenteeism, with negative consequences for individuals, organizations and society. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of a brief stress management intervention based on the principles of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on stress and general mental health for Swedish social workers (n = 106) in a randomized, controlled trial. Participants were stratified according to stress level at baseline in order to examine whether initial stress level moderated the effect of the intervention. Two thirds of the participants had high stress levels at baseline (Perceived Stress Scale; score of >= 25). The results showed that the intervention significantly decreased levels of stress and burnout, and increased general mental health compared to a waiting list control. No statistically significant effects were, however, found for those with low levels of stress at baseline. Among participants with high stress, a substantial proportion (42%) reached criteria for clinically significant change. We concluded that the intervention successfully decreased stress and symptoms of burnout, and increased general mental health. Evidence is, thus, provided supporting ACT as brief, stress management intervention for social workers.
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| 19. |
- Buhrman, Monica, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Guided internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain patients: A randomized controlled trial
- 2013
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 51:6, s. 307-315
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) interventions for persons with chronic pain have recently received empirical support. ACT focuses on reducing the disabling influences of pain through targeting ineffective control strategies and teaches people to stay in contact with unpleasant emotions, sensations, and thoughts. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a guided internet-delivered ACT intervention for persons with chronic pain. A total of 76 patients with chronic pain were included in the study and randomized to either treatment for 7 weeks or to a control group that participated in a moderated online discussion forum. Intent-to-treat analyses showed significant increases regarding activity engagement and pain willingness. Measurements were provided with the primary outcome variable Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire which was in favour of the treatment group. Reductions were found on other measures of pain-related distress, anxiety and depressive symptoms. A six month follow-up showed maintenance of improvements. We conclude that an acceptance based internet-delivered treatment can be effective for persons with chronic pain.
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| 20. |
- Burger, Julian, et al.
(författare)
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A novel approach for constructing personalized networks from longitudinal perceived causal relations
- 2024
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Personalized networks of psychological symptoms aim to advance therapy by identifying treatment targets for specific patients. Statistical relations in such networks can be estimated from intensive longitudinal data, but their causal interpretation is limited by strong statistical assumptions. An alternative is to create networks from patient perceptions, which comes with other limitations such as retrospective bias. We introduce the Longitudinal Perceived Causal Problem Networks (L-PECAN) approach to address both these concerns. 20 participants screening positive for depression completed 4 weeks day of brief daily assessments of perceived symptom interactions. Quality criteria of this new method are introduced, answering questions such as “Which symptoms should be included in networks?”, “How many datapoints need to be collected to achieve stable networks?”, and “Does the network change over time?”. Accordingly, about 40% of respondents achieved stable networks and only few respondents exhibited network structure that changed during the assessment period. The method was time-efficient (on average 7.4 min per day), and well received. Overall, L-PECAN addresses several of the prevailing issues found in statistical networks and therefore provides a clinically meaningful method for personalization.
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| 21. |
- Caneiro, J. P., et al.
(författare)
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How does change unfold? an evaluation of the process of change in four people with chronic low back pain and high pain-related fear managed with Cognitive Functional Therapy : A replicated single-case experimental design study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 117, s. 28-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To understand the process of change at an individual level, this study used a single-case experimental design to evaluate how change in potential mediators related to change in disability over time, during an exposure-based behavioural intervention in four people with chronic low back pain and high pain-related fear. A second aim was to evaluate whether the change (sequential or simultaneous) in mediators and disability occurred at the same timepoint for all individuals.RESULTS: For all participants, visual and statistical analyses indicated that changes in disability and proposed mediators were clearly related to the commencement of Cognitive Functional Therapy. This was supported by standard outcome assessments at pre-post timepoints. Cross-lag correlation analysis determined that, for all participants, most of the proposed mediators (pain intensity, pain controllability, and fear) were most strongly associated with disability at lag zero, suggesting that mediators changed concomitantly and not before disability. Importantly, these changes occurred at different rates and patterns for different individuals, highlighting the individual temporal variability of change.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the interplay of factors associated with treatment response, highlighting 'how change unfolded' uniquely for each individual. The findings that factors underpinning treatment response and the outcome changed simultaneously, challenge the traditional understanding of therapeutic change.
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| 22. |
- Carlbring, Per, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Individually-tailored, Internet-based treatment for anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial
- 2011
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Ingår i: BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 49:1, s. 18-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies on Internet-based treatment with minimal to moderate therapist guidance have shown promising results for a number of specific diagnoses. The aim of this study was to test a new approach to Internet treatment that involves tailoring the treatment according to the patients unique characteristics and comorbidities. A total of 54 participants, regardless of specific anxiety diagnosis, were included after an in-person, semi-structured diagnostic interview and randomized to a 10 week treatment program or to a control group. Treatment consisted of a number of individually-prescribed modules in conjunction with online therapist guidance. Significant results were found for all dependent measures both immediately following treatment and at 1 and 2 year intervals. Mean between-group effect size including measures of anxiety, depression and quality of life was Cohens d = 0.69 at post-treatment, while the mean within-group effect size was d = 1.15 at post-treatment and d = 1.13 and d = 1.04 at 1 and 2 year follow-up respectively. The tentative conclusion drawn from these results is that tailoring the Internet-based therapy can be a feasible approach in the treatment of anxiety in a homogeneous population.
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| 23. |
- Carlbring, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term outcome of Internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy for social phobia : a 30-month follow-up
- 2009
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 47:10, s. 848-850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internet-delivered guided cognitive behaviour therapy for social anxiety disorder has been found to generate promising short-term results, up to one year posttreatment. No study has however documented longer follow-up periods. In this 30-month follow-up we contacted 57 participants from the original study of which 77.2% (44/57) responded to the Internet-administered outcome measures and 66.7% (38/57) completed a telephone interview. Results showed large pretreatment to follow-up within-group effect sizes for the primary outcome measures (Cohen's d 1.10-1.71), and a majority (68.4%; 26/38) reported improvements in the interview. The findings suggest that the long-term effects seen in previous live treatment CBT trials can occur in Internet-delivered treatment as well.
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| 24. |
- Carlbring, Per, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of Panic Disorder : Live Therapy vs. Self-Help via Internet
- 2005
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 43:10, s. 1321-1333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A randomized trial was conducted comparing 10 individual weekly sessions of cognitive behaviour therapy for panic disorder (PD) with or without agoraphobia with a 10-module self-help program on the Internet. After confirming the PD diagnosis with an in-person structured clinical interview (SCID) 49 participants were randomized. Overall, the results suggest that Internet-administered self-help plus minimal therapist contact via e-mail can be equally effective as traditional individual cognitive behaviour therapy. Composite within-group effect sizes were high in both groups, while the between-group effect size was small (Cohen's d=16). One-year follow-up confirmed the results, with a within-group effect size of Cohen's d=0.80 for the Internet group and d=0.93 for the live group. The results from this study generally provide evidence to support the continued use and development of Internet-distributed self-help programs.
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| 25. |
- Clark, Ian A., et al.
(författare)
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First steps in using machine learning on fMRI data to predict intrusive memories of traumatic film footage
- 2014
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Ingår i: Behaviour Research and Therapy. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0005-7967 .- 1873-622X. ; 62, s. 37-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- After psychological trauma, why do some only some parts of the traumatic event return as intrusive memories while others do not? Intrusive memories are key to cognitive behavioural treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder, and an aetiological understanding is warranted. We present here analyses using multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and a machine learning classifier to investigate whether peri-traumatic brain activation was able to predict later intrusive memories (i.e. before they had happened). To provide a methodological basis for understanding the context of the current results, we first show how functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during an experimental analogue of trauma (a trauma film) via a prospective event-related design was able to capture an individual's later intrusive memories. Results showed widespread increases in brain activation at encoding when viewing a scene in the scanner that would later return as an intrusive memory in the real world. These fMRI results were replicated in a second study. While traditional mass univariate regression analysis highlighted an association between brain processing and symptomatology, this is not the same as prediction. Using MVPA and a machine learning classifier, it was possible to predict later intrusive memories across participants with 68% accuracy, and within a participant with 97% accuracy; i.e. the classifier could identify out of multiple scenes those that would later return as an intrusive memory. We also report here brain networks key in intrusive memory prediction. MVPA opens the possibility of decoding brain activity to reconstruct idiosyncratic cognitive events with relevance to understanding and predicting mental health symptoms. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
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