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| 2. |
- Belichenko, P V, et al.
(författare)
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Neuronal and fibre organization in neocortical grafts placed in post-ischaemic adult rat brain: a three-dimensional confocal microscopy study
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-3129 .- 0021-9975. ; 124:2-3, s. 142-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dendritic morphology in neocortical grafts was studied with three-dimensional confocal laser scanning microscopy after microinjection of Lucifer Yellow into individual cells. The grafts had been implanted into infarct cavities in the neocortex of hypertensive rats 46 weeks earlier. The carbocyanine dye method was used to identify afferent (host to transplant) and efferent (transplant to host) connections. Pyramidal, nonpyramidal and glial cells were present in the transplants. Some dendrites had an almost normal appearance, but abnormalities (atypical orientation of apical, basal or oblique apical dendrites) were observed. Some bi-apical pyramidal neurons and pyramidal neurons with obliquely oriented apical dendrites were also observed. Carbocyanine dye-labelled fibres of different diameter formed a dense network in the transplant, enabling the border between transplant and host tissue to be clearly recognized. No labelled fibres were observed to enter the host brain. Fibres with "boutons en passant" and no preferential orientation were noted. It is proposed that Lucifer Yellow microinjection may be a useful method in studies aimed at improving graft morphology. Failure to demonstrate host to transplant connections with the carbocyanine dye method was contrary to earlier studies in which tracers were applied in vivo. A combined use of in-vivo and post-mortem tracer techniques is needed to establish the reason for the discrepancy.
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| 3. |
- Burns, R. E., et al.
(författare)
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Systemic Amyloidosis in an African Tiger Snake (Telescopus semiannulatus)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Pathology. - : ELSEVIER SCI LTD. - 0021-9975 .- 1532-3129. ; 157:2-3, s. 136-140
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An adult male African tiger snake (Telescopts semiannulatus) was diagnosed with disseminated mycobacteriosis and a hepatic biliary cystadenocarcinoma. Histologically, the spleen was largely replaced by extracellular deposits of eosinophilic, fibrillar to hyaline material. Similar material was also present in the testicular interstitium and occasional blood vessel walls. This material was congophilic with strong green birefringence under polarized light and emitted fluorescence when bound to the luminescent-conjugated oligothiophene, h-FTAA, an amyloid binding probe. Ultrastructurally, deposits were composed of aggregates of haphazardly arranged, non-branching fibrils up to 8 nm in diameter and of indeterminate length. These findings all supported a diagnosis of amyloidosis, most likely amyloid A (AA) type based on concurrent inflammatory disease in this snake. However, immunohistochemistry for serum amyloid A was negative. There are only rare previous reports of amyloidosis in reptiles and many have been incompletely characterized. This case presents a thorough investigation into an occurrence of systemic amyloidosis in a snake, including a novel use of luminescent-conjugated oligothiophene binding in a reptile to confirm the diagnosis. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Egenvall, Agneta
(författare)
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Age Patterns of Disease and Death in Insured Swedish Dogs, Cats and Horses
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9975 .- 1532-3129. ; 141, s. S33-S38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1995 to the present Agria Animal Insurance, Sweden (Agria Djurforsakring, Stockholm, Sweden) has provided data on both health care and life insurance claims for descriptive and analytical research. From these data we have published extensively on insured dogs and horses and have recently submitted a study on cat mortality. Over the periods studied most extensively (1995-2002 for dogs, 1997-2004 for horses and 1999-2006 for cats), Agris has insured approximately 200,000 dogs, 100,000 horses and up to 200,000 cats per year. Estimates based on formal research or market surveys suggest that Agria insures approximately 40% of both the Swedish dog and horse populations and 50% of the purebred cat population. Where animal insurance is so widely embraced, the Agria-insured populations are likely to be representative of the national population. This paper focuses on age patterns of disease, differences between breeds and genders, body system and disease process and changes over time. An increase in survival over the years for dogs and cats is undoubtedly affected by owner, societal and veterinary factors relative to the availability of, and willingness and ability to access, and continue, veterinary care. In addition, marked differences in survival across breeds suggest that comparisons between people and companion animals in terms of health, disease and longevity must consider these complexities. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Finnie, G. S., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of an 'Amyloid Only' Transgenic (B6C3-Tg(APPswe,PSEN1dE9)85Dbo/Mmjax) Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9975. ; 156:4, s. 389-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The spatiotemporal pattern of cerebral amyloid deposition, detectable as light microscopically recognizable aggregates in an 'amyloid only' transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, B6C3Tg(APPswe,PSEN1dE9)85Dbo/Mmjax, is reported for the first time in this strain. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were used to detect amyloid deposition immunohistochemically in brains collected from these mice at 3-12 months of age. Amyloid aggregates (20-200 mu m) were first found in serial, whole coronal sections of brain at 4 months of age and these increased progressively, plateauing at 11-12 months. They were most abundant in the cerebral cortices, hippocampus, olfactory bulbs, some white matter tracts and the cerebellar molecular layer; no amyloid aggregates were found in the midbrain, brainstem or spinal cord, or in an equivalent number of brains from wild-type mice. Since the parahippocampal gyrus is severely damaged early in the clinical course of human Alzheimer's disease, amyloid aggregates were also assessed in this brain region and a similar temporal course of amyloid deposition was observed. Moreover, in this gyrus, the amount of aggregated amyloid showed no significant difference between left- and right-sided gyri. However, the polyclonal antibody detected a significantly greater amyloid burden than the monoclonal antibody at 3-10 months of age and the reverse was seen at 11-12 months of age. The pattern of amyloid deposition in the parahippocampal gyrus also resembled that found in the entire brain over time, when the latter was quantified by the colour deconvolution method, suggesting that this gyrus is a good marker for more widely distributed cerebral amyloid deposition. This neuropathological characterization will permit better use of the B6C3-Tg(APPswe,PSEN1dE9)85Dbo/Mmjax transgenic mouse strain in future studies of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, prevention and treatment. Crown Copyright (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Hestvik, Gete, et al.
(författare)
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Tularaemia in European Brown Hares (Lepus europaeus) and Mountain Hares (Lepus timidus) Characterized by Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry: Organ Lesions and Suggestions of Routes of Infection and Shedding
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9975 .- 1532-3129. ; 157, s. 103-114
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tularaemia is an emerging zoonotic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. In Sweden, hares are considered to be key species in the epidemiology of tularaemia. The aim of this study was to characterize the pathology of natural tularaemia infection in European brown hares (EBHs) (Lepus europaeus) and mountain hares (MHs) (Lepus timidus) in Sweden, in order to better understand the presentation of disease and the routes of infection, body dissemination and shedding of F. tularensis. During 2000-2013, 49 EBHs and 37 MHs were diagnosed with tularaemia. Enlargement of the spleen was seen in 80% of EBHs and 62% of MHs. Necrosis was often obvious in the bone marrow, liver, lung and spleen, but 30% of the hares had no lesions or minimal gross lesions. On microscopical examination of tissues from 27 EBHs and three MHs, necrosis was seen in the majority of samples of liver, spleen, bone marrow, lymph node and adrenal glands and was common in the lungs and brain meninges. Immunohistochemistry for Francisella spp. detected bacteria in association with necrosis and inflammation. In several cases, Francisella spp. were also found inside blood vessels, in the renal pelvis, in lactating mammary glands, in bronchioles and in the skin, associated with tick bites. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, two genotypes of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica were found; canSNP group B.6, all belonging to subgroup B.7, and canSNP group B.12. There were no differences in pathology between the genotypes. Our results indicate that the urinary tract and mammary glands are important routes for the shedding of F. tularensis. Hunters may not be aware of the risks of contracting tularaemia while handling hares, since infected hares do not always show noticeable gross lesions. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Jansson, Desirée, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Challenge of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) with Brachyspira hyodysentetiae and "Brachyspira suanatina" Isolated from Pigs and Mallards
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9975 .- 1532-3129. ; 141, s. 211-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the aetiological agent of swine dysentery, and a recently proposed and closely related enteropathogenic spirochaete "Brachyspira suanatina", originally isolated from pigs or mallards (Anas platyrhynchos), were used to inoculate week-old mallard ducklings orally or cloacally. The colonization rate, clinical outcome, faecal dry matter content, blood leucocyte counts and gross, microscopical and electron microscopical features 14-16 days post-inoculation were investigated at necropsy examination. Strains of "B. suanatina" of pig and mallard origin and B. hyodysenteriae of mallard origin colonized the ducklings by oral inoculation, and colonization was also established by cloacal inoculation with a "B. suanatina" strain of mallard origin. The porcine reference strain of B. hyodysenteriae (13204 R) failed to colonize the birds. Unchallenged contact birds in one of the challenge groups were readily colonized by a strain of "B. suanatina" of mallard origin. The proportion of colonized birds differed significantly between the challenge groups (P < 0.0001). For each challenge group, the inoculum and a randomly selected subset of recovered isolates had an identical biochemical profile and banding pattern by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. None of the birds developed clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease during the trial. The faecal dry weight contents, body weights and total leucocyte and heterophal counts did not differ between the various groups of birds. At the microscopical and electron microscopical levels, the caecal mucosa in some of the Brachyspira culture-positive birds had sharply demarcated epithelial cell changes and there were features of irreversible cell damage in crypt necks coinciding with spirochaetal infiltration of the mucosa. The crypts in Brachyspira culture-positive birds were deeper than in culture-negative birds (median: 237 mu m and 218 mu m, respectively, P = 0.019). This challenge model was well suited for use in mallards and consistent with previous findings that strongly haemolytic Brachyspira spp. may cross the species barrier between pigs and birds. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 11. |
- Larsson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Neonatal Piglet Diarrhoea Associated with Enteroadherent Enterococcus hirae
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9975 .- 1532-3129. ; 151, s. 137-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neonatal porcine diarrhoea of uncertain aetiology is an increasing problem in several countries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the unexpected finding of enteroadherent cocci in the small intestine of piglets selected for necropsy examination from six herds (18 diarrhoeic piglets and 11 healthy controls). Gross and microscopical lesions were characterized and selected intestinal sections were further examined by immunohistochemistry for expression of active caspase-3. The enteroadherent bacterium was characterized in situ by Gram staining, ultrastructural imaging, fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and 16S rRNA gene analysis. Species identification of enterococci from intestinal cultures was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for one diarrhoeic and one control animal per herd. Gross changes were mild. Microscopically, small intestinal colonization by gram-positive cocci was observed in diarrhoeic animals only and was accompanied by villus atrophy (4/18) and mild epithelial lesions (10/18), including increased apoptosis of enterocytes. Transmission electron microscopy revealed coccoid bacteria adjacent to the epithelium, but without effacement of microvilli. 16S rRNA gene analysis yielded a sequence identical to Enterococcus hirae and FISH identified the enteroadherent bacteria as Enterococcus spp. in all colonized animals. The proportion of bacterial isolates identified as E. hirae by MALDI-TOF MS analysis was significantly higher (P = 0.0138) in diarrhoeic pigs. Species identification was confirmed by species-specific polymerase chain reaction for one E. hirae isolate per herd. These isolates were further tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, which indicated decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin for one isolate (minimum inhibitory concentration >4 mg/l). These findings suggested that neonatal porcine diarrhoea was associated with small intestinal colonization by E. hirae accompanied by mucosal lesions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 12. |
- Leijon, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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Morphological changes of osteoarthritis in feline stifle joints and associations to intra-articular mineralization
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Pathology. - 0021-9975 .- 1532-3129. ; 156, s. 83-83
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF OSTEOARTHRITIS IN FELINE STIFLE JOINTS AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH INTRAARTICULAR MINERALIZATION A. Leijon*, C.J. Ley y , A. Corin y and C. Ley* *Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health and y Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is common in cats. However, there are no detailed histological descriptions of feline stifle OA. Intra-articular mineralization (IAM) is commonly detected in feline stifle radiographs, but the association between small IAMs and feline OA is unclear. The purpose of this study was to describe OA lesions in feline stifle joints and to investigate associations between articular cartilage lesions, synovitis and IAMs. Materials and Methods: The right stifle joints from 29 cats (age 1e23 years, median 9) were examined for IAM using computed tomography and radiography, followed by macro- and microscopical evaluation of joint tissues. Articular cartilage lesions and synovitis were graded histologically. Cartilage lesions were summarized into global joint scores (GJS, n 5 28). Associations between cartilage lesions, synovitis and IAMs were determined. Results: The most frequent location of cartilage lesions was the tibia (27/29 joints), followed by the patella (14/28 joints). The majority of cartilage lesions were low grade. Femoral cartilage lesions (2/29 joints) were only seen in joints with severe tibial cartilage lesions. Synovitis was present in 13/29 joints and always low grade. IAMs were detected in 13 joints, 11 were classified as small. Neither GJS nor synovitis scores were associated with IAMs; however, increased GJS was associated with synovitis (P 5 0.001). Conclusions: OA lesions in the articular cartilage were common and associated with synovitis. Tibial cartilage may represent the most common site for detection of early morphological cartilage changes of feline stifle OA. Lack of association between GJS and IAMs suggests that small IAMs are incidental findings in OAaffected joints.
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| 13. |
- Ley, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Presence of CD3+ and CD79a+ lymphocytes in the pituitary gland of dogs at post-mortem examination
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9975 .- 1532-3129. ; 176, s. 116-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hypophysitis has been reported occasionally in dogs, with most cases resembling primary lymphocytic hypophysitis in man. Although it is generally assumed that lymphocytes are not present normally in the canine pituitary gland, few studies have investigated this hypothesis. However, lymphocytes are recognized in the pituitary gland of people and horses without signs of pituitary disease. It is unknown to what degree lymphocyte infiltration of the pituitary gland might occur as an incidental finding in dogs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence and distribution of lymphocytes in the pituitary gland of dogs without clinical suspicion of pituitary disease. Twenty dogs were subjected to routine necropsy examination. Formalin-fixed and paraffin wax-embedded sections of pituitary were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE) or subjected to immunohistochemistry (IHC) using primary antibodies specific for the T-cell marker CD3 and the B-cell marker CD79a. The number of CD3(+) and CD79a(+) cells per area unit (CPA) was determined for different pituitary regions. Two dogs had extensive neoplastic lesions in the pituitary gland and were excluded from analysis. In the remaining 18 dogs, occasional scattered CD3(+) cells were found in the pituitary gland. There was a significant difference in CD3(+) CPA between pituitary regions (P = 0.001). The highest CD3(+) CPA was found in the pars tuberalis (median 41.3 cells/mm(2), interquartile range 20.9-50.5 cells/mm(2)). In six of the 18 dogs (33%), CD79a(+) cells were detected in small number (median total cell number 0 cells/section, interquartile range 0-1.0 cells/section). This study shows that T cell, and fewer B cells, may be found in the pituitary gland of dogs without clinical suspicion of pituitary disease. Regional difference in T-cell density, with the highest CD3(+) CPA in the pars tuberalis, may imply regional immunoregulatory functions in the canine pituitary gland. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Malmsten, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Caries, Periodontal Disease, Supernumerary Teeth and Other Dental Disorders in Swedish Wild Boar (Sus scrofa)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9975 .- 1532-3129. ; 153, s. 50-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Between January and December 2013, the dental and periodontal health of 99 Swedish wild boars (Sus scrofa) was investigated. Sampling occurred in conjunction with routine hunting at six large estates in the southern and middle parts of Sweden. All six of the estates use supplemental feeding. The weight of the animals, their sex and their dates of death were noted. Age was estimated using tooth eruption and tooth replacement patterns. The oral cavity was inspected and abnormalities were recorded on a dental chart modified for wild boars. The findings included supernumerary teeth, absence of teeth, mild class II malocclusion, severe tooth wear, periodontitis, calculus, caries, tooth fractures and the presence of enamel defects. Swedish wild boars suffer from different dental lesions and the impact of supplemental feeding on dental and periodontal health is still to be investigated. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
- Morein, Bror, et al.
(författare)
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Immune responsiveness in the neonatal period
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Comparative Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9975 .- 1532-3129. ; 137, s. S27-S31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The maintenance of pregnancy requires suppression of the maternal immune system which would naturally recognize the developing fetus as an allograft and seek to destroy it by mounting a Th1 regulated Cytotoxic immune response. During pregnancy a range of soluble factors are produced by the placenta which switch maternal immune regulation towards a protective Th2 phenotype. These factors also influence the developing fetal immune system and all newborns initially have an immunological milieu skewed towards Th2 immunity. Vaccination during the neonatal period must therefore overcome the dual challenge of the inhibitory effect of maternally derived antibody and this natural Th2 regulatory environment. One means of overcoming these obstacles is by the use of adjuvant systems that can redirect the neonatal immune response towards an appropriate Th1 regulated reaction that affords protection from infectious disease. In this overview, experiments are described in which viral antigens incorporated into immune stimulatory complexes (ISCOMs) are able to induce immune responses with balanced Th1 and Th2 regulation in neonatal mice, as evidenced by the nature of the IgG subclass response and cytokine profile, and the induction of cytotoxic lymphocytes. ISCOM adjuvanted vaccines are able to induce similar protective immunity in the newborn of larger animal species including cattle, horses and dogs.
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