| 1. |
- Ahlström, Gerd, et al.
(författare)
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Coping with illness-related problems and quality of life in adult individuals with muscular dystrophy.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 41:4, s. 365-376
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Illness-related problems and coping were examined in 60 individuals with muscular dystrophy (MD) identified in a population survey of the county of Orebro, Sweden. In addition, the extent to which coping is related to quality of life (QoL) was investigated as was the impact of impairment and disability on the relation between coping and QoL. Emotion/appraisal-focused coping was utilized by respondents more than twice as often as problem-focused coping. High QoL was significantly correlated to "Stoic acceptance" and "Tried alternative treatment." Low QoL was associated with "Helpless/hopeless," "Anxious preoccupation," "Minimization," "Social comparison," "Establishment of control over everyday life," "Performs the task with the aid of an appliance" and "Accepts help or leaves it to others." When measures of impairment and disability were included in the analysis, the impact of these measures explained the association between coping and physical QoL by 16% to 43%.
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| 2. |
- Balog, P, et al.
(författare)
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Depressive symptoms in relation to marital and work stress in women with and without coronary heart disease. The Stockholm Female Coronary Risk Study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - Swedish Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Stockholm, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Dept Publ Hlth & Sci, Stockholm, Sweden. Semmelweis Univ, Dept Behav Sci, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary. : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 54:2, s. 113-119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of marital and job stress on depressive symptoms in middle aged women with coronary heart disease (CHD) and healthy women who were cohabiting and currently working. Method: Data were obtained from the Stockholm Female Coronary Risk (FemCorRisk) Study, a population-based case-control study, comprising all women aged 65 years or younger who were admitted for an acute event of CHD between 1991 and 1994. For each patient, an age-matched healthy control was recruited. Marital stress was assessed by a structured interview developed in our research laboratory and work stress by the Karasek demand-control questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were measured by a questionnaire derived from Pearlin et al. [J. Health Soc. Behav. 22 (1981) 337], which was validated by the Beck Depression Inventory. Results: Depressive symptoms were twice as common in women with as in women without coronary disease: Marital stress was statistically significantly associated with depressive symptoms, even after controlling for age, educational level, menopausal status, body mass index (BMI), sedentary lifestyle, cigarette smoking and severity of heart failure symptoms. In both groups, depressive symptoms increased with increasing exposure to marital stress in a graded fashion. Work stress was not associated with depressive symptoms after multivariate adjustment. Conclusions: Marital stress but not work stress is independently related to depressive symptoms in women. Women with coronary disease react similarly to marital stress as healthy women, but depart from a higher level of depression, which may. be explained by their poorer health status. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Halford, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Endocrine measures of stress and self-rated health : A longitudinal study
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 55:4, s. 317-320
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Simple global self-ratings of health have been found to hold considerable predictive validity in relation to morbidity and mortality. Inverse associations between chronic stress and self-rated health (SRH) have been found and suggested to explain part of the predictive validity of SRH. Studies including biological data are, however, few. The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between endocrine measures of stress and SRH.Methods: A longitudinal study of 102 healthy middle-aged men. Written questionnaires and blood samples were collected at baseline and at follow-up 1 year later.Results: A decrease in SRH below the level of good was associated with significantly increased s-prolactin and decreased s-testosterone. Poorer SRH and increased levels of s-prolactin were significantly associated with increased vital exhaustion at follow-up.Conclusion: Our study identifies a possible biological pathway, which might be of relevance in understanding the well-established association between SRH and health.
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| 4. |
- Lawoko, S, et al.
(författare)
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Distress and hopelessness among parents of children with congenital heartdisease, parents of children with other diseases and parents of healthy children
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 52:4, s. 193-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: We examined differences in distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, and somatisation) and hopelessness (e.g., suicide ideation) among parents of congenital heart disease (CHD) children (PCCHD, n=1092), parents of children with other diseases (PCOD, n=112), and parents of healthy children (PHC, n=293). In addition, we determined the proportion of parents in each group whose scores in distress and hopelessness, respectively, exceeded norms for psychiatric outpatients (POPN) and depressed people, and identified determinants of distress and hopelessness among all parents, and the PCCHD. Method: The parents completed a questionnaire about such areas as distress and hopelessness. The design was cross-sectional and data were collected during 20 consecutive days. Results: PCCHD were generally at higher risk of distress and hopelessness. A significant number of parents, in particular PCCHD, reported levels of distress and hopelessness within/above POPN and depressed people, respectively. Mothers within all parent groups had higher levels of distress and hopelessness than fathers, with the highest levels among mothers of children with CHD compared to mothers in the other groups. Fathers of children with CHD were doing worse than fathers belonging to the other groups. There were no differences between PCOD and PHC. Variables such as employment status and financial situation explained more of the variation in distress and hopelessness among parents than the diseases of their children. Conclusion: We corroborated previous findings and provide new insights into the experiences of PCCHD that may be of importance when considering intervention. Further research concerning the parents, in particular PCCHD, at risk of developing psychosocial problems is needed.
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| 5. |
- Soares, Joaquim JF, et al.
(författare)
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The stress of musculoskeletal pain: : a comparison between primary care patients in various ages.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 56:3, s. 297-305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To analyse differences in demographic/financial/pain/health variables, disability, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ; i.e., depression symptoms) and coping among 949 primary care pain patients in various ages (20-65+ years) and to identify predictors of disability and coping. METHOD: Patients completed scales about various areas (e.g., coping). The design was cross-sectional and data were collected during 15 consecutive days at 20 randomly selected primary care centres in Stockholm. RESULTS: Univariate analyses showed that older patients (a) were more often divorced, blue-collar workers, less educated and had greater difficulties with living expenses, (b) had pain of longer duration, more frequently and of more complexity, and felt more disabled, (c) consumed more painkillers, analgesics, sedatives and other medications, had received more pain treatments and had more health problems and (d) more often used passive coping for pain. Younger patients (a) had more severe pain, were financially strained and were more often unemployed and (b) more often used active coping for pain. There were no significant differences concerning GHQ scores. Multivariate regression analyses showed that active coping was associated with younger age. High disability and passive coping were associated with older age. CONCLUSION: We corroborated previous findings and may provide new insights into the experiences of older and younger pain patients. Further research concerning, for example, the elderly at risk of developing pain problems is needed.
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| 6. |
- Alfven, Gösta, et al.
(författare)
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Stressor, perceived stress and recurrent pain in Swedish schoolchildren
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 65, s. 381-387
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Stress is an important etiological factor for pain. Little is known, however, about how this process is mediated. The aim of this study is to highlight how more stress corresponds with the amount of reported perceived stress, pain symptom, and the co-occurrence of two pain symptoms--headache and abdominal pain--and how these three phenomena are related. We have also studied possible gender differences. METHODS: A cross-sectional study based on data from child supplements linked to national household surveys in Sweden during 2002-2003. Information concerning harassment, perceived stress, headache, and abdominal pain was gathered from a questionnaire. The study population consisted of a representative national sample of 2597 children aged 10-18 years. RESULTS: Children's reports of exposure to the stressor harassment were associated with their subjective perception of stress and recurrent pain in a stepwise manner. Having both pain symptoms was more strongly associated with the stressor harassment and perceived stress than having only one pain symptom. This was especially true of girls, who reported higher levels of stress symptoms and who had a different profile of pain symptoms than boys. CONCLUSIONS: The stressor harassment, perceived stress, and recurrent pain are associated with each other in a stepwise fashion. The co-occurrence of headache and abdominal pain is much more closely associated with harassment and perceived stress than any of these symptoms separately, especially in girls.
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| 7. |
- Algars, M, et al.
(författare)
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Binge eating and menstrual dysfunction
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of psychosomatic research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1360 .- 0022-3999. ; 76:1, s. 19-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Gerhard, et al.
(författare)
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Future thinking in tinnitus patients
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 63:2, s. 191-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate future thinking in a group of tinnitus patients. It was predicted that participants in the tinnitus group would report fewer positive future events. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. Two groups of participants completed the test session: tinnitus patients (n=20) and healthy controls (n=20) without tinnitus. Participants completed measures of anticipation of future positive and negative experiences, anxiety and depression. In addition, participants with tinnitus completed a test of tinnitus annoyance. Results: Tinnitus participants generated a greater number of negative future events compared to the controls. There was no difference between the groups on positive future events or on self-reported anxiety, but the tinnitus group scored higher on a depression measure. Controlling for depression scores removed the group difference. Conclusions: While the groups differed on future thinking, the difference concerned negative events, which suggests that anxious information processing might be important in explaining tinnitus annoyance. Levels of depressive symptoms should, however, be considered.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Linus, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Attention bias and sensitization in chemical sensitivity.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of psychosomatic research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1360 .- 0022-3999. ; 66:5, s. 407-16:66, s. 407-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether persons with self-reported chemical sensitivity (CS) have an attention bias and enhanced sensitization to chemical exposure. METHODS: Chemosomatosensory, olfactory, and auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 21 CS subjects and 17 controls in attend and ignore conditions. Reaction times (RTs) and magnitude estimations of perceived intensity were collected in the attend condition. ERPs were averaged over attention conditions and during the first/second part of the testing. RESULTS: ERP patterns indicated that CS subjects did not habituate to the same extent as the controls and had difficulties ignoring the chemical exposure. CS subjects had faster overall RT, and the perceived intensities for the chemosomatosensory stimuli did not decrease with time in the CS group, which was the case for the controls. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicating attention bias and enhanced sensitization in CS suggest alterations in central, cognitive responses to chemical exposure.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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Brain responses to olfactory and trigeminal exposure in idiopathic environmental illness (IEI) attributed to smells : An fMRI study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - : Elsevier. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 77:5, s. 401-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Idiopathic environmental intolerance (IEI) to smells is a prevalent medically unexplained illness. Sufferers attribute severe symptoms to low doses of non-toxic chemicals. Despite the label, IEI is not characterized by acute chemical senses. Theoretical models suggest that sensitized responses in the limbic system of the brain constitute an important mechanism behind the symptoms. The aim was to investigate whether and how brain reactions to low-levels of olfactory and trigeminal stimuli differ in individuals with and without IEI. METHODS: Brain responses to intranasally delivered isoamyl acetate and carbon dioxide were assessed in 25 women with IEI and 26 non-ill controls using functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: The IEI group had higher blood-oxygenated-level-dependent (BOLD) signal than controls in the thalamus and a number of, mainly, parietal areas, and lower BOLD signal in the superior frontal gyrus. The IEI group did not rate the exposures as more intense than the control group did, and there were no BOLD signal differences between groups in the piriform cortex or olfactory regions of the orbitofrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: The IEI reactions were not characterized by hyper-responsiveness in sensory areas. The results can be interpreted as a limbic hyperreactivity and speculatively as an inability to inhibit salient extemal stimuli.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Arnberg, Filip K, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Recent randomized controlled trials of psychological interventions in healthcare : A review of their quantity, scope, and characteristics
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 75:5, s. 401-408
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed to describe the quantity, scope, and fundamental characteristics of recently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psychological interventions.Methods: We queried two major databases (PsycINFO and PubMeD) for primary reports published in 2010 of RCTs of psychological interventions for participants with a medical condition. We collected data on the characteristics of the trials, participants, interventions, outcomes, and reports.Results: Of 3,696 retrieved reports 295 primary publications were included. About half (53%) of trials included participants with a mental disorder and more than half evaluated interventions based on a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) framework. A majority of trials recruited participants in North America and Europe (79%). A minority of the trials focused on children and adolescents (17%) or the elderly (8%). The median sample size of the intervention arm was n = 41. Thirty-nine percent of trials reported solely patient-reported outcomes. Only 5% of reports indicated funding from for-profit organizations. The median 2010 impact factor of the journals in which reports were published was 2.96.Conclusion: This snapshot of the research on psychological interventions suggests that the evidence base for psychological interventions is expanding mainly for CBT interventions for adults in high-income countries. Although the restrictive inclusion criteria limit the generalizability of these results, researchers and funding agencies might be advised to strive for greater diversity regarding interventions, geographical/cultural settings and age groups. Regularly updated reviews of this research field, with gradually refined methodology and increased scope, may further inform funders and researchers.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Bauer, M., et al.
(författare)
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Association between polarity of first episode and solar insolation in bipolar I disorder
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Circadian rhythm disruption is commonly observed in bipolar disorder (BD). Daylight is the most powerful signal to entrain the human circadian clock system. This exploratory study investigated if solar insolation at the onset location was associated with the polarity of the first episode of BD I. Solar insolation is the amount of electromagnetic energy from the Sun striking a surface area of the Earth. Methods: Data from 7488 patients with BD I were collected at 75 sites in 42 countries. The first episode occurred at 591 onset locations in 67 countries at a wide range of latitudes in both hemispheres. Solar insolation values were obtained for every onset location, and the ratio of the minimum mean monthly insolation to the maximum mean monthly insolation was calculated. This ratio is largest near the equator (with little change in solar insolation over the year), and smallest near the poles (where winter insolation is very small compared to summer insolation). This ratio also applies to tropical locations which may have a cloudy wet and clear dry season, rather than winter and summer. Results: The larger the change in solar insolation throughout the year (smaller the ratio between the minimum monthly and maximum monthly values), the greater the likelihood the first episode polarity was depression. Other associated variables were being female and increasing percentage of gross domestic product spent on country health expenditures. (All coefficients: P ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Increased awareness and research into circadian dysfunction throughout the course of BD is warranted.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Binzer, M, et al.
(författare)
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Illness behavior in the acute phase of motor disability in neurological disease and in conversion disorder : a comparative study.
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 44:6, s. 657-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sixty patients with a sudden onset of motor disability were assessed for illness behavior and depression. In 30 of the patients, etiology was attributed to a definite structural lesion. The remaining 30 patients were diagnosed as having conversion disorder. The Illness Behaviour Questionnaire (IBQ) and the Hamilton Rating Depression Scale (HRDS) were used as instruments for assessment. The mean HRDS score was significantly higher in the conversion group, indicating a higher degree of affective disease in these patients. According to the results of the IBQ, the patients with conversion disorder showed a higher degree of irritability, disease conviction, and phobic preoccupation, and also, to a greater extent, rejected psychological explanations for their symptoms. Denial was high in both patient groups, coexisting with affective symptoms in the conversion patients but not in the neurological patients. Although valuable information could be extracted from the IBQ, it was not found to be a reliable instrument for distinguishing between psychogenic and organic causes of motor disability.
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| 20. |
- Brown, Richard J., et al.
(författare)
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Attention to the body in nonclinical somatoform dissociation depends on emotional state
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - : PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 69:3, s. 249-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Unexplained neurological symptoms ("somatoform dissociation") are common in health care settings and associated with disproportionately high levels of distress, disability, and resource utilization. Theory suggests that somatoform dissociation is associated with disturbed attentional processing, but there is a paucity of research in this area and the available evidence is contradictory. Methods: We compared undergraduate participants (n=124) with high and low scores on the Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ-20) on a tactile cueing paradigm measuring the time course of attention to touch, following either a neutral film or a film designed to simulate the emotional effects of trauma exposure. Results: Following the neutral film, high SDQ-20 participants exhibited delayed disengagement from tactile cue stimuli compared to the low SDQ-20 group. Following the "trauma" film, however, the high SDQ-20 group showed attentional effects suggesting avoidance of the tactile stimuli in this condition. Early attention to tactile cues following the trauma film predicted film-related intrusive thoughts after the experiment. Conclusion: These findings suggest that both body vigilance and body avoidance may be involved in the expression of somatoform dissociation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Condén, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Type D personality is associated with sleep problems in adolescents. Results from a population-based cohort study of Swedish adolescents
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychosomatic Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3999 .- 1879-1360. ; 74:4, s. 290-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Sleep problems are associated with an increased risk of psychiatric and somatic diseases. Type D personality, or the distressed personality, refers to the joint tendency to experience negative emotions and to inhibit self-expression in social interaction. Type D personality is associated with an increased number of health complaints including cardiovascular diseases. The present study investigated whether Type D personality was associated with sleep problems among adolescents. Methods: The study was part of the Survey of Adolescent Life in Vastmanland 2008 (SALVe 2008). A total of 5012 adolescents (age 15-18 years old) completed a questionnaire including the Type D measurement DS14 and questions on sleep disturbances, sleep hours during school nights, and sleep hours during weekend nights. Results: Adolescents with a Type D personality had an approximately four times increased risk of having sleep disturbances. Moreover, Type D personality was associated with sleeping fewer hours. Conclusion: As adolescence represents a formative period for development it is critical to identify sleep disorders early. The presence of Type D personality associated with poor sleep demands attention because sleep problems may be an early stage in the development of later diseases.
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