| 1. |
- Hacker, R Scott
(författare)
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Mobility and Regional Economic Downturns
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of regional science. - : Wiley. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 40:1, s. 45-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper I show how higher unemployment in a region may reduce thepopulation's residential mobility within that region. A period of higher unemployment creates more uncertainty among individuals about future income and place of employment so those with significant moving costs are more likely to consider delaying a move. Periods of relatively higher unemployment may also be characterized by fewer new hirings and fewer job quits, both of which tend to dampen mobility. A multinomial logit analysis using Panel Study of Income Dynamics data is used to examine the effect of state unemployment rates on the decision to move.
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| 2. |
- Nakosteen, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Migration and Self-Selection: Measured Earnings and Latent Characteristics
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of regional science. - : Wiley. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 48:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research in regional and labor economics has established that economic incentives play a significant role in the process of internal migration. The most common approach is to view migration as a form of human capital investment undertaken by individuals who expect to benefit from the standpoint of increased earnings. One of the central concepts in these models is self selection. Individuals who self-select the option of migration tend to differ from the nonmigrant population in ways that are not measured in most data sets.The contribution of this paper is in its distinction between two aspects of migrant selection. On one hand, some workers possess unmeasured traits that might simultaneously affect their wages and their propensity to engage in risky human capital investment such as migration. On the other hand, measured earnings might exert a direct effect on migration. Based on samples of employed Swedish males and females at two points in time, this study seeks first to examine whether migration between the two periods occurs in the presence of correlation between unmeasured factors present in both earnings during the first period and the subsequent decision to migrate. Second, it looks for an explicit role of earnings per se in the migration decision. Results of the study provide support for selection based on unmeasured traits for both genders. For females, there is also evidence of selection based on measured earnings.
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| 3. |
- Patacchini, Eleonora, et al.
(författare)
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Neighborhood effects and parental involvement in the intergenerational transmission of education
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of regional science. - : Wiley. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 51:5, s. 987-1013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze the intergenerational transmission of education focusing on the interplay between family and neighborhood effects. We develop a theoretical model suggesting that both neighborhood quality and parental effort are of importance for the education attained by children. This model proposes a mechanism explaining why and how they are of importance, distinguishing between high- and low-educated parents. We then bring this model to the data using a longitudinal dataset in Britain. The available information on social housing in big cities allows us to identify the role of neighborhood in educational outcomes. We find that the better the quality of the neighborhood, the higher is the parents' involvement in their children's education. A novel finding with respect to previous U.S. studies is that family is of importance for children with highly educated parents while it is the community that is crucial for the educational achievement of children from low-educated families.
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| 4. |
- Song, Yan, et al.
(författare)
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How do differences in property taxes within cities affect urban sprawl?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of regional science. - : Wiley. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 49:5, s. 801-831
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We develop a duocentric-city model and show that the ratio between the property tax in the suburbs and in the center has an ambiguous impact on the size of the city. We test this model by using a dataset of effective property tax rates which we developed using GIS techniques for central cities and suburbs in 445 urbanized areas. Results from the empirical analyses suggest that a lower property tax rate in the suburbs as compared to the central city is associated with more expansive urban growth and a greater level of decentralization of population and employment.
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| 5. |
- Zenou, Yves, 1961-
(författare)
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Rural-urban Migration and Unemployment : Theory and Policy Implications
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of regional science. - : Wiley. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 51:1, s. 65-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We develop a regional model where, in the city, unemployment prevails because of too high (efficiency) wages, while, in the rural area, workers are paid at their marginal productivity. We characterize the steady-state equilibrium and show that it is unique. We then consider two policies: decreasing urban unemployment benefits and subsidizing urban employment. We find that decreasing the unemployment benefit in the city creates urban jobs and reduces rural-urban migration since new migrants have to spend some time unemployed before they can find a job in the city. On the other hand, raising employment subsidies increases urban employment but may also increase urban unemployment because it triggers more rural-urban migration. In this respect, the employment subsidy policy can backfire by raising rather than reducing urban unemployment.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Westlund, Hans
(författare)
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Entrepreneurship in the Region
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of regional science. - : Wiley. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 47:2, s. 390-392
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Ahlin, Lina, et al.
(författare)
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Human capital sorting : The "when" and "who" of the sorting of educated workers to urban regions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of regional science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 58:3, s. 581-610
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The sorting of high-ability workers is often advanced as one source of spatial disparities in economic outcomes. There are still few papers that analyze when human capital sorting occurs and whom it involves. Using data on 16 cohorts of university graduates in Sweden, we demonstrate significant sorting to urban regions on high school grades and education levels of parents, i.e., two attributes typically associated with latent abilities that are valued in the labor market. A large part of this sorting has already occurred in deciding where to study, because the top universities in Sweden are predominantly located in urban regions. The largest part of directed sorting on ability indicators occurs in the decision of where to study. Even after controlling for sorting prior to labor market entry, the best and brightest are still more likely to start working in urban regions. However, this effect appears to be driven by Sweden's main metropolitan region, Stockholm. We find no influence of our ability indicators on the probability of starting to work in urban regions after graduation when Stockholm is excluded. Studies of human capital sorting need to account for selection processes to and from universities, because neglecting mobility prior to labor market entry is likely to lead to an underestimation of the extent of the sorting to urban regions.
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| 10. |
- Backman, Mikaela, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Labor force diversity and firm survival
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of regional science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 60:5, s. 903-928
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze the influence that the diversity of individuals, both within a firm and in the region where the firm is located, has on firm survival. We estimate a hazard model using microdata for Swedish firms for the years 2002-2013. Results show that firm-specific diversity in education, age, and gender are positively associated with firm survival. However, firm-specific diversity by place of origin is negatively associated with firm survival. Yet the cultural diversity among the inhabitants in the region where the firm is located enhances firm survival. Magnitudes of the effects vary by region and industrial sector.
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| 11. |
- Belotti, Federico, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of local taxes on firm performance : Evidence from geo-referenced data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of regional science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 61:2, s. 492-510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the effect of local property tax for businesses on firm performance by using a panel of Italian manufacturing firms. To identify this effect, we implement a pairwise spatial-differenced estimator and exploit the exogenous variation in local property tax rates caused by the political alignment of local and central governments. We find that business property taxation has a sizeable negative impact on equipment, the more volatile part of tangible assets, employment, and value-added. We interpret these results as evidence of a distortionary mechanism. When heavy equipment are included in the business property tax base, as was the case in Italy during our estimation period, business property taxation depresses investment and induces firms to also reduce output and downsize.
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| 12. |
- Blind, Ina, et al.
(författare)
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Immigration, new religious symbols, and the dynamics of neighborhoods
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Regional Science. - : Wiley. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 60:5, s. 929-958
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Last decades' non-western immigration to Europe has resulted in culturally and religiously more diverse populations in many countries. One manifestation of this diversification is new features in the cityscape. Using a quasiexperimental approach, in which an unexpected political process that led way to the first public call to prayer from a mosque in Sweden is combined with rich, daily, information on housing sales and detailed monthly information on internal migration, this paper examines how one such new feature affects neighborhood dynamics. While our results indicate that the calls to prayer increased house prices closer to the mosque, we find no evidence of increased residential segregation between natives and immigrants.
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| 13. |
- Diemer, Andreas, 1989-
(författare)
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Divided we fall? The effect of manufacturing decline on the social capital of US communities
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of regional science. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 64:1, s. 80-107
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- What happens to local communities when manufacturing disappears? I examine changes in associational density over nearly two decades as a proxy for social capital in US labor markets. Exploiting plausibly exogenous trade-induced shocks to local manufacturing activity, I test whether deindustrialization is associated with greater or lower organizational membership. I uncover a robust negative relationship between the two variables, particularly acute in rural and mostly-White areas. My findings, however, are sensitive to measurement: There are no clearly discernible effects of deindustrialization on social capital when I consider alternative proxies for the outcome. To reconcile these results, I present evidence suggesting that economic adversity may induce a qualitative, rather than quantitative, change in social capital.
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| 14. |
- Ejermo, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation in Malmö after the Öresund Bridge
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Regional Science. - : Wiley. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 62:1, s. 5-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze the effect of the Öresund Bridge, a combined railway and motorway bridge between Swedish Malmö and the Danish capital Copenhagen, on inventive activity in the region of Malmö. Applying difference-in-difference estimation on individual-level data, our findings suggest that the Öresund Bridge led to a significant increase in the number of patents per individual in the Malmö region as compared with the two other major regions in Sweden, Gothenburg, and Stockholm. We show that a key mechanism is the attraction of highly qualified workers to the Malmö region following the construction of the bridge.
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| 15. |
- Erlingsson, Gissur Ó, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Does size matter? Evidence from municipal splits
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of regional science. - : WILEY. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We contribute to the limited knowledge of the consequences of municipal splits by estimating how break-ups of seven Swedish municipalities affected per capita expenditures. To predict what would have happened had the break-ups not taken place, we apply the matrix completion method with nuclear norm minimization. We find that smaller municipalities not necessarily imply higher per capita expenditures. Instead, expenditures increase in some cases, are unaffected in others, and in others, decrease. The results point to the complex nature of territorial reforms and underscore the perils of policy recommendations that take uniform outcomes of either amalgamations or break-ups for granted.
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| 16. |
- Forslid, Rikard, et al.
(författare)
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WHICH FIRMS ARE LEFT IN THE PERIPHERY? : SPATIAL SORTING OF HETEROGENEOUS FIRMS WITH SCALE ECONOMIES IN TRANSPORTATION
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of regional science. - : Wiley. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 55:1, s. 51-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces scale economies in transportation in a trade and geography model with heterogeneous firms. This relatively small change to the standard model produces a new pattern of spatial sorting among firms. In contrast to the existing literature, our model produces the result that firms of intermediate productivity relocate to the large core region, whereas high-and low-productivity firms remain in the periphery. Trade liberalization leads to a gradual relocation to the core with the most productive firms remaining in the periphery.
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| 17. |
- Ho, Cynthia Sin Tian, 1994-
(författare)
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Accessibility of bank branches and new firm formation in Sweden
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Ingår i: Journal of regional science. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing on location theory, the local relationships between new firm formation and its determinants are explored in 290 municipalities across Sweden. From the robust geographically weighted regression (GWR) models, mostly positive relationships with new firm formation are shown for firm density, human capital level, industry diversification level and percentage of immigrants living in the area. In contrast, mostly negative relationships are shown for weighted mean distance to the nearest bank branches, establishment size, unemployment rate, industry specialization. Spatially constrained multivariate clustering is also applied to group municipalities with similar conditions. Patterns in the industry composition and the location attributes are then analysed for each cluster.
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| 18. |
- Håkansson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The spatial extent of agglomeration economies across the wage earnings distribution
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of regional science. - : Wiley. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 59:2, s. 281-301
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the spatial extent of agglomeration economies across the wage earnings distribution using economic mass (total employment) in four distance bands around each individual’s establishment in a quantile regression framework. We control for observable and unobservable individual and establishment characteristics. Remaining endogeneity in the model is assessed with a set of instrumental variables. Results indicate a positive effect of economic mass on wage earnings up to 25 km away from the establishment. The spatial extent of agglomeration economies is similar across the wage earnings distribution. However, increases in economic mass shift the wage earnings distribution in a nonsymmetric way.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Klaesson, Johan, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Getting the first job : Size and quality of ethnic enclaves and refugee labor market entry
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of regional science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 61:1, s. 112-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We analyze the relationship between residence in an ethnic enclave and immigrants' labor market integration with respect to finding a first job in the receiving country. The analysis distinguishes between the size and the quality of the ethnic enclaves, where quality is measured in terms of employment rate among ethnic peers in the same neighborhood. We use longitudinal geo-coded registry data for two distinct groups of immigrants arriving in the Stockholm metropolitan area to investigate their initial labor market contact. The first group of immigrants moved from the Balkans in the early 1990s following the Yugoslavian war, and the second group arrived from the Middle East following the second Iraq War in 2006. We estimate the probability of finding a first job using probit regressions and complement the analysis with additional duration models. To draw causal inference, we use instrumentation that combines initial neighborhood variables with citywide variation over time. We provide empirical evidence that the employment rate of the respective immigrant group in the vicinity facilitates labor market integration of new immigrants. The influences of the overall employment rate and the share of conationals in the neighborhood tend to be positive, but less robustly so. Our results are consistent with the notion that the qualitative nature of an enclave is at least as important as the sheer number of ethnic peers in helping new immigrants find jobs.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Mehic, Adrian
(författare)
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Regional aspects of immigration‐related changesin political preferences
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Regional Science. - : Wiley. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 62:5, s. 1386-1413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates how right-wing populist voting following the 2015 refugee wave was affected by regional characteristics, using data from a quasi-natural experiment in Sweden. The results suggest that voting outcomes are heavily dependent on pre-influx municipal characteristics. In localities with strong anti-immigration sentiments during the 1990s refugee wave, as well as in areas with high crime rates before the refugee wave, there is a positive relationship between immigration rates and anti-immigration voting. However, the immigration-related increase in the nationalist vote is significantly smaller in depopulation areas. These polarizing effects on voting are exacerbated when considering immigration of young males.
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| 25. |
- Strumsky, Deborah, et al.
(författare)
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Profiling U.S. metropolitan regions by their social research networks and regional economic performance
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of regional science. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0022-4146 .- 1467-9787. ; 53:5, s. 813-833
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On the premise that knowledge creation defines contemporary metropolitan regions, we profile them by their inventive networks, as measured by a variety of complementary social network, technology, and patenting metrics that distinguish scalar and structural aspects. Using a comprehensive, multiyear database of patent applications, we investigate whether the knowledge creation network profiles are discriminating characteristics of metropolitan regions by establishing a new urban taxonomy for metropolitan areas in the United States. The four-class taxonomy is not only statistically significant, but it is also economically meaningful in terms of economic performance of metropolitan areas. We find that metropolitan areas benefit from a higher density of inventors in the population, and that there is a positive correlation between economic performance and metropolitan areas with inventor teams working in similar or complementary areas of technology. In fact, the structure of knowledge creation networks are fundamental to economic performance and extends to metropolitan growth rates in jobs and income.
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