| 1. |
- Beamish, Andrew James, et al.
(författare)
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What’s in a smile? A review of the benefits of the clinician’s smile
- 2019
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Ingår i: Postgraduate medical journal. - : Oxford University Press. - 0032-5473 .- 1469-0756. ; 95:1120, s. 91-95
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- For millennia, the smile has been recognised as a powerful communication device, offering benefits to both giver and receiver with few drawbacks. A sign of compassion, empathy and friendliness, smiling can benefit healthcare professionals and their patients, helping to build a relationship of trust. But beware the false smile, which is all too easily identified and may do more harm than good. In this review, we explore the literature surrounding smiling in healthcare and beyond, discussing the many reasons to be cheerful, from good health to a happy marriage, among aviators, table waiters, doctors, dentists and even dogs.
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| 2. |
- Dufour, DN, et al.
(författare)
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Hidradenitis suppurativa: a common and burdensome, yet under-recognised, inflammatory skin disease
- 2014
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Ingår i: Postgraduate medical journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1469-0756 .- 0032-5473. ; 90:1062, s. 216-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, relapsing, inflammatory skin condition that typically occurs after puberty. The primary clinical presentation is painful inflamed nodules or boils in the apocrine gland-bearing regions (armpits, genital area, groin, breasts and buttocks/anus) that progress to abscesses, sinus tracts and scarring. Severity is typically described according to three Hurley categories, with most patients having mild or moderate disease. Estimated prevalence is 1–4% worldwide and HS is three times more common in women than men. Patients’ disease burden includes intense pain, work disability and overall poor quality of life. Although the clinical signs of the disease can often be hidden by clothing, active HS is associated with a malodorous discharge that contributes to the disabling social stigma. Risk factors include smoking and obesity. Comorbidities include inflammatory bowel disease and spondyloarthropathies. The presentation of the disease is distinct, yet HS is not well-recognised except in dermatology clinics.
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| 3. |
- El-Menyar, Ayman, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and predictors of burnout among healthcare professionals : A cross-sectional study in two tertiary hospitals
- 2021
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Ingår i: Postgraduate medical journal. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0032-5473 .- 1469-0756. ; 97:1151, s. 583-589
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The pattern and impact of burnout among the medical staff are not yet well defined. However, the consequences of burnout are not limited to the healthcare providers but also may affect their family, colleagues and patients in a negative manner. We aimed to assess the characteristics and predictors of burnout among health professionals at two large tertiary hospitals. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study during the period from July 2018 to 31 December 2018. Data, via Maslach Burnout Inventory survey, were collected from physicians and other healthcare workers in two hospitals. Results: A total of 624 responses to questionnaires were analysed. Half of the respondents were physicians, and men constituted the majority. About 10% (95% CI, 7.8 to 12.5) of the respondents satisfied the criteria of burnout. Emotional exhaustion (EE) was observed in 45.7%, depersonalisation (DP) in 26.9% and personal accomplishment (PA) in 41.2% of the respondents. There was a positive correlation between EE and DP (r=0.627, p=0.001), and a weak negative correlation between DP and PA (r=-0.195, p=0.001). Young age, less experience, trauma surgery, lack of habits and getting depressed ≥1 time/week were predictors of burnout. Conclusions: Burnout affects one-tenth of the health professionals in the tertiary hospitals in Qatar. Physicians are more likely to have higher DP and lower PA, whereas nurses prone to have higher EE. In this study, no gender discrepancy is appreciated and the junior medical staff is at a higher risk of burnout.
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| 4. |
- Flossmann, Oliver, et al.
(författare)
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Development of comprehensive disease assessment in systemic vasculitis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1468-2060. ; 66:3, s. 283-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The systemic vasculitides are multisystem disorders with considerable mortality and morbidity and frequent relapses. In the absence of reliable serological markers, accurate clinical tools are required to assess disease activity and damage for treatment decisions, and for the performance of clinical trials. This article reviews and summarises the development and use of disease assessment tools for determining activity and damage in systemic vasculitis and reports ongoing initiatives for further development of disease assessment tools. A literature search was conducted using PubMed and reference lists for vasculitis, assessment, clinical trials, outcome and prognosis. The findings indicate that comprehensive disease assessment in vasculitis requires documentation of disease activity, chronic irreversible damage and impairment of function.
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| 5. |
- Forsberg, Lars A., et al.
(författare)
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Non-heritable genetics of human disease : spotlight on post-zygotic genetic variation acquired during lifetime (Reprinted from vol 50, pg 1-10, 2013)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Postgraduate medical journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-5473 .- 1469-0756. ; 89:1053, s. 417-426
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The heritability of most common, multifactorial diseases is rather modest and known genetic effects account for a small part of it. The remaining portion of disease aetiology has been conventionally ascribed to environmental effects, with an unknown part being stochastic. This review focuses on recent studies highlighting stochastic events of potentially great importance in human disease-the accumulation of post-zygotic structural aberrations with age in phenotypically normal humans. These findings are in agreement with a substantial mutational load predicted to occur during lifetime within the human soma. A major consequence of these results is that the genetic profile of a single tissue collected at one time point should be used with caution as a faithful portrait of other tissues from the same subject or the same tissue throughout life. Thus, the design of studies in human genetics interrogating a single sample per subject or applying lymphoblastoid cell lines may come into question. Sporadic disorders are common in medicine. We wish to stress the non-heritable genetic variation as a potentially important factor behind the development of sporadic diseases. Moreover, associations between post-zygotic mutations, clonal cell expansions and their relation to cancer predisposition are central in this context. Post-zygotic mutations are amenable to robust examination and are likely to explain a sizable part of non-heritable disease causality, which has routinely been thought of as synonymous with environmental factors. In view of the widespread accumulation of genetic aberrations with age and strong predictions of disease risk from such analyses, studies of post-zygotic mutations may be a fruitful approach for delineation of variants that are causative for common human disorders.
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| 6. |
- Fryden, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Roles, tasks and educational functions of postgraduate programme directors : a qualitative study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Postgraduate medical journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-5473 .- 1469-0756. ; 91:1080, s. 588-593
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background A programme director is often required to organise postgraduate medical education. This leadership role can include educational as well as managerial duties. Only a few published studies have explored programme directors' own perceptions of their role. There is a need to explore the use of theoretical frameworks to improve the understanding of educational roles.Objective To explore programme directors' own perceptions of their role in terms of tasks and functions, and to relate these roles to the theoretical framework developed by Bolman and Deal.Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 programme directors between February and August 2013. The data were subjected to content analysis using a deductive approach.Results The various roles and tasks included by participants in their perceptions of their work could be categorised within the framework of functions described by Bolman and Deal. These included: structuring the education (structural function); supporting individuals and handling relations (human resource function); negotiating between different interests (political function); and influencing the culture at the departmental level (symbolic function). The functions most often emphasised by participants were the structural and human resource functions. Some tasks involved several functions which varied over time.Conclusions Programme directors' own perceptions of their roles, tasks and functions varied widely. The theoretical framework of Bolman and Deal might be helpful when explaining and developing these roles.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Nilsson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Medical intelligence in Sweden. Vitamin B12 : oral compared with parenteral?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Postgraduate medical journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-5473 .- 1469-0756. ; 81:953, s. 191-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Sweden is the only country in which oral high dose vitamin B12 has gained widespread use in the treatment of deficiency states. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to describe prescribing patterns and sales statistics of vitamin B12 tablets and injections in Sweden 1990-2000.Design, setting, and sources: Official statistics of cobalamin prescriptions and sales were used. RESULTS: The use of vitamin B12 increased in Sweden 1990-2000, mainly because of an increase in the use of oral high dose vitamin B12 therapy. The experience, in statistical terms a "total investigation", comprised 1,000,000 patient years for tablets and 750,000 patient years for injections. During 2000, 13% of residents aged 70 and over were treated with vitamin B12, two of three with the tablet preparation. Most patients in Sweden requiring vitamin B12 therapy have transferred from parenteral to oral high dose vitamin B12 since 1964, when the oral preparation was introduced. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that many patients in other post-industrial societies may also be suitable for oral vitamin B12 treatment.
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| 9. |
- Okware, S, et al.
(författare)
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Revisiting the ABC strategy : HIV prevention in Uganda in the era of antiretroviral therapy
- 2005
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Ingår i: Postgraduate medical journal. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0032-5473 .- 1469-0756. ; 81:960, s. 625-628
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ABC strategy is credited for bringing the HIV/AIDS epidemic under control in Uganda. By promoting abstinence, being faithful, and condom use, safe(r) behaviours have been identified that are applicable to people in different circumstances. However, scaling-up of antiretroviral therapy in the country raised concerns that HIV prevention messages targeting the uninfected population are not taking sufficient account of inherent complexities. Furthermore, there is debate in the country over relative importance of abstinence in reduction of HIV incidence as well as over the morality and effectiveness of condoms. The purpose of this paper is to examine each component of ABC in light of current developments. It is argued that there is still a strong justification for condom use to complement abstinence and being faithful. There is an urgent need to update and relaunch Uganda's ABC strategy--its three elements are complementary, synergistic, and inseparable in the national HIV prevention programme.
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