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- Elagib, A A, et al.
(författare)
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Association of the haptoglobin phenotype (1-1) with falciparum malaria in Sudan
- 1998
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Ingår i: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-9203. ; 92:3, s. 11-309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The haptoglobin phenotypes of Sudanese patients with complicated and uncomplicated falciparum malaria, and those of uninfected randomly selected individuals, were determined by electrophoresis of sera on polyacrylamide gels followed by benzidine staining of the gels. Among 273 malaria patients, the proportions with haptoglobin phenotypes (1-1), (2-1) and (2-2) were 60.8%, 29.7% and 9.5%, respectively, and in 72 cerebral malaria patients the proportions were 63.9%, 29.2%, and 6.9%. The distribution among 208 control individuals was 26.0%, 55.8% and 18.3%, respectively. The difference between patients and controls was highly significant (P < 0.001). The distribution of the different haptoglobin phenotypes among the randomly selected group of 208 Sudanese individuals was comparable to that in many other populations. The results suggests that the haptoglobin phenotype (1-1) is associated with susceptibility to falciparum malaria and the development of severe complications; alternatively, the other phenotypes may confer resistance.
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| 2. |
- Gebre, Negussie, et al.
(författare)
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Improved microscopical diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in developing countries
- 1995
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Ingår i: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1878-3503 .- 0035-9203. ; 89:2, s. 191-193
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) relies on the bacteriological examination of sputum. However, microscopy of smears made directly from sputum has a low sensitivity and there is an urgent need for improved methods. We have compared microscopy of smears made directly from sputum with microscopy after liquefaction of sputum with household bleach (NaOCl) and concentration of bacteria by centrifugation. In 3 studies performed in Ethiopia and India, the use of the NaOCl method increased the number of samples positive for acid-fast bacilli by more than 100%. The technique is appropriate for developing countries and its application would increase the efficiency of TB control programmes. As a potent disinfectant, NaOCl also has the advantage of lowering the risk of laboratory infection.
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| 6. |
- Ekvall, H, et al.
(författare)
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Acute haemolysis in childhood falciparum malaria
- 2001
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Ingår i: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-9203. ; 95:6, s. 611-617
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 11. |
- Jaenson, Thomas G.T. 1948-
(författare)
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Virus-like rods associated with salivary gland hyperplasia in tsetse, Glossina pallidipes
- 1978
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Ingår i: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-9203 .- 1878-3503. ; 72:3, s. 234-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long, virus-like rods were discovered in hyperplastic salivary glands of Glossina pallidipes Austen from Kibwezi Forest (2 ° 27′ S, 37 ° 55′ E), Kenya. The glands were enlarged up to four times the normal diameter. This increase in size was due to a cellular proliferation of the glandular epithelial cells and hypertrophy of their nuclei and cytoplasm. Nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions were present in the enlarged cells but were not found in cells of normal-sized glands. Electron microscopy revealed many virus-like rods in the abnormal glands. Males with such glands were often completely sterile. Abnormal growth of the ovarioles was a significant feature of young females with hyperplastic glands. Both sexes of wild and laboratory-bred flies were found with enlarged glands. One way of transmission of the trait seems to be from mother to progeny.
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| 19. |
- Olaison, Lars, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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An outbreak of trichinosis in Lebanon.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-9203. ; 86:6, s. 658-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 1982 an outbreak of trichinosis occurred in an area of south Lebanon consisting of 4 villages, including 6440 persons. In 267 households, involving 2456 persons, typical clinical signs of Trichinella spiralis infection could be recognized among household members. Twenty-one of these households, including 193 persons, were randomly chosen for further studies. Nearly half of the household members (46%) had clinical symptoms consistent with acute trichinosis. 12 of 16 tested persons had high anti-Trichinella antibody titres (12 positive by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and 11 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Class-specific antibodies, IIF-immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM and IgA, were detected in most tested cases. Of the remaining 4 seronegative cases, 3 had a duration of clinical symptoms < or = 12 d. High peripheral eosinophilic counts (> 20%) were noted in 8 of 16 cases. In total, 15 of 16 cases were positive by one or more of these tests. The outbreak constituted one of the most extensive single outbreaks reported with a calculated > 1000 clinical cases. The cause was attributed to consumption of raw pork meat, an ingredient of kebbeh nayyeh, a favourite Lebanese dish.
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| 22. |
- Seyoum, A, et al.
(författare)
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Traditional use of mosquito-repellent plants in western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against Anopheles gambiae : ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning
- 2002
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Ingår i: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. - 0035-9203 .- 1878-3503. ; 96:3, s. 225-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ethnobotanical survey in 2 communities in western Kenya revealed that the most commonly known repellent plants were Ocimum americanum L. (64.1%), Lantana camara L. (17.9%), Tagetes minuta L. (11.3%) and Azadirachta indica A. Juss (8.7%) on Rusinga Island, and Hyptis suaveolens Poit. (49.2%), L. camara (30.9%) and O. basilicum L. (30.4%) in Rambira. Direct burning of plants is the most common method of application for O. americanum (68.8%), L. camara (100%) and O. basilicum (58.8%). Placing branches or whole plants inside houses is most common for H. suaveolens (33.3 and 57.8% for the respective locations), A. indica (66.7 and 100%), and T. minuta (54.8 and 56.0%). The repellency of plants suggested by the ethnobotanical survey and other empirical information was evaluated against the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae s.s. Giles in experimental huts within a screenwalled greenhouse. Thermal expulsion and direct burning were tested as alternative application methods for the selected plants O. americanum, O. kilimandscharicum Guerke, O. suave Willd., L. camara, A. indica, H. suaveolens, Lippia uckambensis Spreng and Corymbia citriodora Hook. When thermally expelled, only H. suaveolens failed to repel mosquitoes, whereas the leaves of C. citriodora (74.5%, P < 0.0001), leaves and seeds of O. suave (53.1%, P < 0.0001) and O. kilimandscharicum (52.0%, P < 0.0001) were the most effective. Leaves of C. citriodora also exhibited the highest repellency (51.3%, P < 0.0001) by direct burning, followed by leaves of L. uckambensis (33.4%, P = 0.0004) and leaves and seeds of O. suave (28.0%, P = 0.0255). The combination of O. kilimandscharicum with L. uckambensis repelled 54.8% of mosquitoes (P < 0.0001) by thermal expulsion. No combination of plants increased repellency by either method. The semi-field system described appears a promising alternative to full-field trials for screening large numbers of candidate repellents without risk of malaria exposure.
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