| 1. |
- Aagaard, Sunniva M.D. 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Resolving maternal relationships in the clubmoss genus Diphasiastrum (Lycopodiaceae)
- 2009
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Ingår i: Taxon. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 58:3, s. 835-848
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diphasiastrum comprises 20-30 species. In addition to a number of species with a circumboreal distribution, several island endemics and putative diploid hybrid species contribute to the diversity of the group. To assess the integrity and relationships of the recognized species, a global phylogeny of Diphasiastrum is constructed using five chloroplast regions comprising ~9000 bp. Six monophyletic groups are identified. Accessions identified as hybrid species cluster in all but one case together with one of its putative parents. Two microsatellite loci are identified, and allelic information combined with sequence information is found diagnostic for the three putative parental taxa in the Central Europe hybrid complexes. Haplotype screening is performed on six Central European populations, from where one or more putative diploid hybrid species have been reported to grow in sympatry with their parent species. The most common parental haplotypes are identified in all populations. Additional intraspecific variation, restricted to single populations, is identified in all sympatric populations at very low frequencies. Taking the low degree of sequence and microsatellite variation into consideration, the acknowledged morphological diversity in Central Europe is probably best explained by phenotypic plasticity, ancestral polymorphisms or relatively recent events of reticulate evolution.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Anderberg, A. A., et al.
(författare)
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Maesaceae, a new primuloid family in the order Ericales s.l.
- 2000
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Ingår i: Taxon. - Vienna, Austria : IAPT. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 49:2, s. 183-187
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence from morphology and molecular sequence data from three chloroplast genes, rbcL, ndhF, and atpB, have shown that the genus Maesa constitutes an evolutionary lineage separate from the other three primuloid families, Theophrastaceae, Myrsinaceae, and Primulaceae. The new family Maesaceae is here formally recognised, its taxonomic status being changed from a subfamily of Myrsinaceae. The new family comprises a single genus, Maesa Forssk., with some 100 species of trees or shrubs; it is diagnosed by characters such as flower pedicels with two bracteoles, a semi-inferior ovary, and indehiscent fruits with many seeds. A key to the major groups of primuloid taxa is presented.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Anderson, Heidi, et al.
(författare)
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(087–090) Proposal to treat the use of a hyphen in the name of a fossil-genus as an orthographical error
- 2015
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : International Association for Plant Taxonomy. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose modifications to the Code such that use of a hyphen in the name of a fossil-genus is treated as an error to be corrected by deletion of the hyphen. This will circumvent the need to conserve the numerous de-hyphenated names against unused hyphenated forms. We propose changes to Art. 60 of the Code to allow this correction, and the addition of a phrase in Art. 20 to add clarity to the naming of fossil-genera.
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| 6. |
- Andreasen, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic identity of putative Linnaean plants : Successful DNA amplification of Linnaeus's crab apple Malus baccata
- 2014
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 63:2, s. 408-416
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Advancements in molecular techniques enable us to extract DNA from historic herbarium specimens and facilitate genetic comparisons between herbarium material and living plant collections. These recent advances offer an exciting opportunity for identifying extant Linnaean plants by genetic comparisons of Linnaeus's own herbarium specimens with potentially remnant plants from his cultivations. DNA from the lectotype of Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. in the Linnaean Herbarium was successfully extracted and amplified for five of twelve loci of microsatellites. Results of genetic comparisons with M. baccata trees from Linnaeus's Hammarby, Sweden, show that the trees at Hammarby are closely related to each other, but not to the lectotype, which is closer to material from Russia. This suggests that Linnaeus received M. baccata from more than one source. Although not close to the lectotype and not represented by a specimen in the Linnaean Herbarium, the extant M. baccata at Hammarby may still represent Linnaean plants, that were grown by Linnaeus himself, or the descendants to such plants. Future studies on the almost 50 living, potential Linnaean plants may reveal an invaluable biological, scientific and cultural heritage from the era that saw the rise of systematic biology.
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| 7. |
- Andreasen, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Successful DNA amplification of a more than 200-year-old herbarium specimen : recovering genetic material from the Linnaean era
- 2009
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Ingår i: Taxon. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 58:3, s. 959-962
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The limit for successful DNA extraction was tested by amplification and sequencing of an over 200-year-old herbarium specimen collected by Adam Afzelius, a student of Carl Linnaeus. We amplified and sequenced a 800-bp region between 16S ribosomal DNA and the 3′ part of the trnI gene (16S-trnI) in the chloroplast genomeof Phaulopsis talbotii S. Moore (Acanthaceae). To test the replicability and to control for contamination the procedure was performed in sealed vials and with negative PCR controls. The procedure was also repeated in a separate laboratory. In addition, the chloroplast rpl16 intron was successfully amplified and sequenced and the rps16 intron amplified. Sequences of taxa closely related to Acanthaceae were found to be most similar to the produced sequences. The results suggest that molecular investigations of other 18th century botanical collections are feasible and that molecular methods could be employed for comparative studies to extant plant collections. An important application would be to identify descendants or clones of Linnaean lectotypes by comparing DNA from these with potentially remnant plants from Linnaeus’ cultivations.
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| 8. |
- Applequist, Wendy L., et al.
(författare)
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Apportionment of institutional votes for the Nomenclature Section : A rebuttal to Smith & al.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Taxon. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 59:5, s. 1567-1570
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Smith & al. (2010) have suggested that the apportionment of institutional votes for the Nomenclature Section of the International Botanical Congress based upon taxonomic activity represents a "colonial legacy" that disadvantages developing nations, and that institutional votes should instead be distributed based at least in part upon a country's human population and the size of its flora. While we agree that increasing participation by developing-country taxonomists is an important goal, we believe that Smith & al. fail to support their claim that the current practice of plant nomenclature is harmful to developing nations. No evidence has been offered of regional biases regarding proposals to change the wording of the Code, which represent the vast majority of the votes taken at any Nomenclature Section, nor has the current process of apportionment of institutional votes been shown to be biased. The reform measures proposed by Smith & al. would, as we show, introduce explicit discrimination based on nationality into the International code of botanical nomenclature, undermining the international cooperation among taxonomists that is necessary for the smooth functioning of a universally accepted system of nomenclature. Rather than making hasty and perhaps harmful changes to the current means of voting, we suggest that the international taxonomic community should consider carefully what measures will best facilitate participation without creating new sources of injustice.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Backlund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Diervillaceae and Linnaeaceae, two new families of caprifolioids
- 1998
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 47:3, s. 657-661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two new families of caprifolioids, Diervillaceae and Linnaeaceae, are proposed. They correspond to the former subfamilies Diervilloideae and Linnaeoideae. A key to their genera and those remaining in Caprifoliaceae is provided.
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| 11. |
- Backlund, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Pollen morphology and the systematic position of Triplostegia (Dipsacales)
- 1997
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : INT ASSOC PLANT TAXONOMY. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 46:1, s. 21-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Triplostegia comprises two species of perennial herbs from southeast Asia, T. glandulifera and T. grandiflora. The systematic position of the genus has been debated ever since it was described, and it has been placed in either Dipsacaceae or Valerianaceae, or in a family of its own Triplo-stegiaceae. Pollen of Triplostegia, investigated by light microscopy and scanning electron micro-scopy, is similar to that of both Dipsacaceae and Valerianaceae. Presence of numerous branched and bent columellae as well as an aperturem argins tructurer esemblingt he halo found in Valeria-naceae indicates a closer relationship to the Valerianaceae. A sister-group relationship between Triplostegia and the Valerianaceae is furthermore supported by other studies of molecular and morphological data. In order to maximize information content in the framework of mandatory classificational ranks, Triplostegia is best included in the family Valerianaceae, as the sole mem-ber of a subfamily Triplostegioideae.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Backlund, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Paraphyly of Paederieae, recognition of Putorieae and expansion of Plocama (Rubiaceae-Rubioideae)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Taxon. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 56:2, s. 315-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phylogenetic analyses of taxa that have been included in the tribe Paederieae are performed on the basis of a molecular dataset of plastid DNA sequences (the rbcL gene, rps16 intron, and the regions trnT-F). The paraphyly of Paederieae as currently circumscribed is confirmed. A clade comprising Paederia, Spermadictyon, Leptodermis, and Serissa is retrieved and the circumscription of Paederieae is proposed to be restricted to this clade. Paederia is sister to a clade with Spermadictyon, Leptodermis, and Serissa. Paederia is subdivided into an Asian and an African clade, and within the African clade seven species endemic to Madagascar are sister to P. pospischilii in north-eastern Africa. The position of Kelloggia as sister to Rubieae is confirmed and a position of Saprosma in the Spermacoceae alliance is supported. The genera Putoria, Gaillonia (with segregates), Plocama, and Aitchisonia form a clade that is sister to Theligoneae/Kelloggia/Rubieae. The name Putorieae is resurrected for the members of this clade. A synopsis of Putorieae is provided, where all species are placed in an expanded Plocama with 34 species. Thirty-one new combinations in Plocama are proposed. Plocama pendula on the Canary Islands is strongly supported as sister to a clade with P. crocyllis (former Crocyllis) in southern Africa and P. yemenensis and P. tinctoria (former Gaillonia) in southern Arabia/Horn of Africa.
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| 14. |
- Backlund, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Revision of the Mediterranean species of Plocama (Rubiaceae)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Taxon. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 56:2, s. 516-520
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Mediterranean species of Plocama (incl. Putoria) are revised and two species, the widespread P. calabrica, comb. nov., and P. brevifolia, comb. nov., in Morocco and Algeria, are recognized. The variation and circumscription of the species are discussed and distribution maps are provided. Several names are reduced to synonymy and seven lectotypes are designated.
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| 15. |
- Bengtson, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny of Anisopappus with species circumscriptions revisited (Asteraceae: Athroismeae)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 70:2, s. 351-364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anisopappus (Asteraceae: Athroismeae) is a genus with its main distribution in Africa (one species also in Asia), currently considered to include around 21 species. A molecular phylogenetic study of Anisopappus is presented for the first time, based on plastid (ndhF, trnL-trnF, trnQ-rps16) and nuclear (ETS, ITS) data. Anisopappus is confirmed to be monophyletic, and species interrelationships are resolved. The results differ from earlier treatments based on morphology, and the phylogenetic analyses reveal a need for changes in species circumscriptions as compared to those of the most recent treatment. Consequently, many taxa currently treated as synonyms are here shown to represent separate species indicating that the genus includes well over 40 species. Distribution patterns now emerge where several clades are found to consist of species restricted to a particular geographical region. The Anisopappus of Madagascar, many of which were earlier placed in synonymy with species found on the African continent, are here shown to be endemic, and the results reveal a need for further studies of that group.
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| 16. |
- Bengtson, Annika, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny of the Athroismeae (Asteraceae), with a new circumscription of the tribe
- 2017
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 66:2, s. 408-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Athroismeae is a small tribe of the Asteraceae-Asteroideae, the members of which show considerable variation in morphology. A molecular phylogenetic study of the tribe is presented for the first time, based on plastid (ndhF, trnH-psbA, trnL-trnF) and nuclear data (ETS, ITS). The phylogenetic relationships between the different genera within Athroismeae are discussed, and in addition, three unispecific genera: Anisochaeta, Artemisiopsis and Symphyllocarpus as well as Duhaldea (Inula) stuhlmannii, all earlier placed in other tribes, are here shown to belong within Athroismeae. Symphyllocarpus is sister to Centipeda and the earlier Symphyllocarpinae includes Centipedinae in synonymy. Furthermore, Cardosoa and Philyrophyllum are found to be integrated within Anisopappus and their generic status cannot be maintained. An outline of an amended circumscription of the Athroismeae is presented, with three new combinations and a description of the new subtribe Lowryanthinae.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Bolmgren, Kjell, et al.
(författare)
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Generic limits in Rhamnus s.l. L. (Rhamnaceae) inferred from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence phylogenies.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : International Association for Plant Taxonomy. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 53:2, s. 383-390
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study tested the monophyly of the previously proposed genera Alaternus, Frangula, Oreoherzogia, and Rhamnus s.str., and the phylogenetic relations suggested by Grubov (1949), within the Rhamnus s.l. clade.Based on a global sample of 22 species, we derived phylogenetic hypotheses using parsimony analysis of variation in trnL-F (chloroplast) and ITS (nuclear) DNA regions. Both Alaternus, Frangula, and Oreoherzogia gained strong support, and our results further support recognition of Frangula as a monophyletic genus. The resolution between Alaternus, Oreoherzogia, and the rest of Rhamnus s.str. was less clear, and the mainly Mediterranean Oreoherzogia was strongly grouped with the American R. crocea. Therefore, we consider it as unjustified to split the rest of Rhamnus into smaller genera. Regarding Grubov's phylogenetic hypothesis, our study could only support the dichotomy between Frangula and the rest of Rhamnus.
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| 19. |
- Crespo, Ana, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic generic classification of parmelioid lichens (Parmeliaceae,Ascomycota) based on molecular, morphological and chemical evidence.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 59:6, s. 1735-1753
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parmelioid lichens are a diverse and ubiquitous group of foliose lichens. Generic delimitation in parmelioid lichens has been in a state of flux since the late 1960s with the segregation of the large, heterogeneous genus Parmelia into numerous smaller genera. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies have demonstrated that some of these new genera were monophyletic, some were not, and others, previously believed to be unrelated, fell within single monophyletic groups, indicating the need for a revision of the generic delimitations. This study aims to give an overview of current knowledge of the major clades of all parmelioid lichens. For this, we assembled a dataset of 762 specimens, including 31 of 33 currently accepted parmelioid genera (and 63 of 84 accepted genera of Parmeliaceae). We performed maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of combined datasets including two, three and four loci. Based on these phylogenies and the correlation of morphological and chemical characters that characterize monophyletic groups, we accept 27 genera within nine main clades. We re-circumscribe several genera and reduce Parmelaria to synonymy with Parmotrema. Emodomelanelia Divakar & A. Crespo is described as a new genus (type: E. masonii). Nipponoparmelia (Kurok.) K.H. Moon, Y. Ohmura & Kashiw. ex A. Crespo & al. is elevated to generic rank and 15 new combinations are proposed (in the genera Flavoparmelia, Parmotrema, Myelochroa, Melanelixia and Nipponoparmelia). A short discussion of the accepted genera is provided and remaining challenges and areas requiring additional taxon sampling are identified.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- De Block, Petra, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular phylogenetics and generic assessment in the tribe Pavetteae (Rubiaceae)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 64:1, s. 79-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is the first phylogenetic study focused on the Pavetteae, one of the most species-rich and morphologically diverse tribes within the coffee family (Rubiaceae). Fifteen of the 17 currently recognized genera, represented by 85 taxa, were sequenced for rps16, trnT-F and ITS and analysed using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods. The monophyly of the Pavetteae is confirmed. Four major lineages are identified, but their phylogenetic relationships are not fully resolved. The continental African genera Rutidea, Nichallea and Tennantia, the Madagascan genera Homollea and Robbrechtia, and the paleotropical genus Pavetta are monophyletic. Other genera are paraphyletic in their current circumscriptions and the following changes are made: Homolliella is placed in synonymy with Paracephaelis, and Coleactina and Dictyandra with Leptactina, resulting in four new combinations. The large paleotropical genus Tarenna is shown not to be monophyletic. In the future, the name Tarenna should not be used for continental African species. Most of these could be transferred to the hitherto monospecific genus Cladoceras, but other species might constitute altogether new genera. The relationship between the monophyletic Asian-Pacific and Madagascan Tarenna species remains unclear. The phylogeny of the Madagascan genera of the Pavetteae is largely unresolved and the largest Madagascar-centred genus Coptosperma was not recovered as monophyletic. The low resolution for the Madagascan taxa can be considered as an indication of rapid radiation. Further molecular and morphological studies are necessary to clarify the phylogeny of the Pavetteae, especially regarding the African Tarenna species and the Madagascan genera of the tribe.
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| 22. |
- de Boer, Hugo, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Convergent morphology in Alpinieae (Zingiberaceae) : Recircumscribing Amomum as a monophyletic genus
- 2018
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Ingår i: Taxon. - : Wiley. - 0040-0262 .- 1996-8175. ; 67:1, s. 6-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The tropical ginger genus Amomum (Zingiberaceae) has always posed challenges for classification based on morphological characters. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies showed Amomum to be paraphyletic but limited sampling and absence of the data of the type Amomum subulatum made it impossible to resolve the paraphyly and make nomenclatural changes. Here, Amomum is further investigated in a multi-marker phylogenetic framework using matK and nrITS including multiple accessions of the type, the genus Elettaria and additional accessions of Amomum, Alpinia, Elettariopsis, Geocharis, Geostachys and Hornstedtia. Amomum is shown to consist of nine clades and Alpinia of six. The genera Elettaria, Elettariopsis, Plagiostachys, and species in Hornstedtia are nested within these clades. Morphological studies of species previously subsumed in Amomum support recognition of new genera that correspond to well-delimited clades in the phylogenetic framework presented here. Recircumscription of the paraphyletic genus Amomum facilitates identification and creates nomenclatural stability. Three genera, Conamomum, Meistera and Wurfbainia, are resurrected, and three new genera Epiamomum, Lanxangia and Sundamomum are described, together with a key to the genera and a nomenclatural synopsis placing 384 specific names (incl. all synonyms) into the new generic framework. Of these 129 represent new combinations and 3 are replacement names. Types of Geocharis and Geostachys are designated. Further studies and specific sampling will be needed to resolve other branches of Alpinioideae containing other polyphyletic genera.
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