| 1. |
- Alfonsson, Sven, et al.
(author)
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Group Behavioral activation for patients with severe obesity and Binge eating disorder : A randomized controlled trial
- 2015
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In: Behavior modification. - : SAGE Publications. - 0145-4455 .- 1552-4167. ; 39:2, s. 270-294
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to assess whether behavioral activation (BA) is an efficacious treatment for decreasing eating disorder symptoms in patients with obesity and binge eating disorder (BED). Ninety-six patients with severe obesity and BED were randomized to either 10 sessions of group BA or wait-list control. The study was conducted at an obesity clinic in a regular hospital setting. The treatment improved some aspects of disordered eating and had a positive effect on depressive symptoms but there was no significant difference between the groups regarding binge eating and most other symptoms. Improved mood but lack of effect on binge eating suggests that dysfunctional eating (including BED) is maintained by other mechanisms than low activation and negative mood. However, future studies need to investigate whether effects of BA on binge eating might emerge later than at post-assessment, as in interpersonal psychotherapy for bulimia nervosa.
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| 2. |
- Almén, Niclas, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Stress-Recovery Management : A Pilot Study Using a Single-Subject Experimental Design
- 2020
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In: Behavior modification. - : SAGE Publications. - 0145-4455 .- 1552-4167. ; 44:3, s. 449-466
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Work-related stress is considered one of the biggest health and safety challenges among the member states of the European Union. A critical factor is recovery between periods of stress. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate whether a brief behaviorally oriented stress-recovery management intervention delivered in an individual setting could reduce stress symptoms among individuals with high levels of perceived stress. A single-subject experimental design with multiple baselines across three individuals was used. The results indicate, with at least moderate experimental control, a temporal relation between the start of the intervention and beneficial changes from baseline in continuous self-recordings of stress symptoms. The changes were maintained at 1-year and 5-year follow-up assessments. Also, self-reporting inventories measuring perceived stress, worry, anxiety, depression, burnout, type A behavior, unwinding and recuperation from work stress, and insomnia showed overall changes in beneficial directions at post-assessment, as well as the two follow-up assessments. The results indicate that a behaviorally oriented stress-recovery management intervention delivered in an individual setting can reduce stress symptoms in individuals with high levels of perceived stress. However, for firm conclusions to be drawn, further research is needed.
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| 3. |
- Hall, Christina Bergmark, et al.
(author)
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Brief Therapist-Guided Exposure Treatment of Panic Attacks : A Pilot Study
- 2019
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In: Behavior Modification. - : SAGE Publications. - 0145-4455 .- 1552-4167. ; 43:4, s. 564-586
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A three-session therapist-guided exposure treatment was tested in a consecutive series of eight primary health care patients suffering from panic attacks who specifically used distraction techniques as their primary safety behavior. The Panic Disorder Severity Scale Self-Report (PDSS-SR) was administered at baseline (1-3 weeks before the first session), and 1, 2, and 3 weeks after treatment. Weekly ratings on the Body Sensations Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ) during treatment were undertaken to explore when reliable change took place on these measures. The results showed a large within-group effect size on PDSS-SR (d = 1.63); six of the eight patients were classified as responders, and four of them showed remission. Large effect sizes (ds between 1.17 and 3.00) were seen also on BSQ and ACQ, as well as on agoraphobic avoidance, general level of anxiety, and depression. The results on BSQ and ACQ suggest that the fear of body sensations in most cases was reduced before a change occurred in agoraphobic cognitions. These results indicate that a brief three-session exposure-based treatment may be sufficient for this subgroup of panic patients. The findings need to be replicated under controlled conditions with larger samples and different therapists before more firm conclusions can be drawn. Future research should also focus on the relevance of dividing patients into subgroups based on type of safety behavior.
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| 4. |
- Langh, U, et al.
(author)
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Cross-Cultural Validation of the York Measure of Quality of Intensive Behavioral Intervention
- 2017
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In: Behavior modification. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-4167 .- 0145-4455. ; 41:6, s. 808-828
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) is widely applied in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Little research has addressed the significance of adherence to EIBI practices for treatment outcomes. The York Measure of Quality of Intensive Behavioral Intervention (YMQI) was designed to assess EIBI quality delivery in Ontario, Canada. The objective of this study was to examine the cross-cultural validity of the YMQI in a clinical Swedish community sample of 30 boys and four girls with autism aged 2.5 to 6 years. Internal consistency was alpha = .87 for the full scale YMQI. Interrater reliability among three raters on 97 video-recorded therapy sequences was .71 (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]), and intrarater reliability of two raters re-scoring 15 sequences after 6 months was ICC = .87. The convergent validity of the YMQI with EIBI expert ratings was r = .49. Findings endorse the psychometric properties of the YMQI and its usability outside of Anglo-Saxon countries.
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| 5. |
- Langh, U, et al.
(author)
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Quality of Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention as a Predictor of Children's Outcome
- 2021
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In: Behavior modification. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-4167 .- 0145-4455. ; 45:6, s. 911-928
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research has directed surprisingly little attention to the quality of Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as a potential predictor of outcome. Therefore, using a preschool delivery model within a sample of 30 children, we examined the predictive power of EIBI quality on treatment outcome. EIBI quality was assessed at baseline by the York Measure of Quality of Intensive Behavioral Intervention (YMQI) and treatment outcome was evaluated after a period of 4 to 6 months using a battery of behavioral tests and scales to evaluate treatment success. Multinomial logistic regressions demonstrated that general EIBI quality predicted clinically significant change at follow-up. Particularly improvements in basic language and learning skills and global clinical impression were observed. Specific quality indicators that influenced overall treatment success were treatment organization, teaching level and differential reinforcement. In addition to previously examined predictors of EIBI treatment effects, such as child characteristics and intervention quantity, our findings highlight the importance of adequate EIBI quality assurance.
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| 6. |
- Larsson, Andreas, 1980-, et al.
(author)
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Using Brief Cognitive Restructuring and Cognitive Defusion Techniques to Cope With Negative Thoughts
- 2016
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In: Behavior Modification. - : SAGE Publications. - 0145-4455 .- 1552-4167. ; 40:3, s. 452-482
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Negative thoughts, experienced by 80% to 99% of the non-clinical population, have been linked to the development of psychopathology. The current study aimed to compare a cognitive restructuring and cognitive defusion technique for coping with a personally relevant negative thought. Over a 5-day period, participants used either a restructuring, defusion, or control strategy to manage a negative thought. Pre- and post-intervention participants reported (a) believability of the thought, (b) discomfort associated with the thought, (c) negativity associated with the thought, and (d) willingness to experience the thought. Daily online questionnaires assessing the total frequency of negative thought intrusions and their level of willingness to experience the negative thought were also used. Also, 10 positive and negative self-statements were rated on the same scales, and self-report measures of mood and psychological flexibility were completed. Findings indicated that defusion lowered believability, increased comfort and willingness to have the target thought, and increased positive affect significantly more than the control and cognitive restructuring. Within groups, cognitive restructuring also made significant gains in target thought discomfort, negativity, and “willingness to have” in the same direction as defusion but the no-instruction control did not. Negative thought frequency was reduced in the defusion group, maintained in the restructuring group, and increased in the no-instruction control group. Similar trends emerged from the secondary outcome measures, that is, the effects of the strategies on the positive and negative self-statements. The current findings support the efficacy of using defusion as a strategy for managing negative thoughts.
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| 7. |
- Linde, J, et al.
(author)
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Acceptance and Compassion-Based Therapy Targeting Shame in Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Multiple Baseline Study
- 2023
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In: Behavior modification. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-4167 .- 0145-4455. ; 47:3, s. 693-718
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Shame is considered central in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and empirical accounts highlight the link between shame and BDD symptoms as well as common negative psychosocial effects of the disorder, yet there is a lack of interventions addressing shame in this context. In the past decade, Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and interventions that foster self-compassion have shown promise for reducing the negative effects of shame in a range of clinical problems. The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate an acceptance and compassion-based treatment specifically targeting shame in BDD. Using a randomized nonconcurrent multiple baseline design, the 12-session intervention, ACT with Compassion (ACTwC), was examined in a psychiatric outpatient sample of five adults diagnosed with BDD. The daily ratings showed marked reductions in BDD-behaviors and self-criticism at posttreatment for four of five participants, while three participants demonstrated decreases in body shame compared to baseline. Improvements were maintained at 6-months follow-up. The intervention also led to reliable long-term improvements in general shame, overall BDD-symptoms, depressive symptoms, and quality of life for four of five participants. All treatment responders showed significant gains in psychological flexibility and self-compassion. Participants reported high credibility and satisfaction with the treatment. These preliminary results suggest that ACTwC may be a promising approach to treating shame in BDD, worthy of further investigation.
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| 8. |
- Lisspers, Jan, et al.
(author)
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BVP-biofeedback in the treatment of migraine: The effects of constriction and dilatation during different phases of the migraine attack
- 1990
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In: Behavior modification. - : SAGE Publications. - 0145-4455 .- 1552-4167. ; 14:2, s. 200-221
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Biofeedback training for self-regulation of blood-volume pulse ("BVP") amplitude of the temporal arteries has been used previously with good results in treatment of migraine headaches. In the present study, 23 subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups and given (a) biofeedback training in temporal artery constriction and instructions to apply these skills during headaches; (b) the same training and instructions to apply the skills between headaches, during stress periods, and (c) biofeedback training to dilate the temporal arteries, and instructions to use these skills during stress periods. Clinically meaningful headache reductions were achieved and maintained at follow-up. Furthermore, results indicated that voluntary temporal artery dilatation also leads to headache reductions, and that there is a connection between levels of achieved self-regulation sldll and the clinical effects.
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| 9. |
- Roche, L, et al.
(author)
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Using a Textual Prompt to Teach Multiword Requesting to Two Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
- 2019
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In: Behavior modification. - : SAGE Publications. - 1552-4167 .- 0145-4455. ; 43:6, s. 819-840
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by social and communication impairment, but some children appear to have relative strength in areas such as reading printed words. The present study involved two children with limited expressive communication skills, but relatively stronger reading ability. Based on this existing strength, we evaluated a textual prompting procedure for teaching the children to produce multiword spoken requests. The effect of providing textual prompts on production of multiword requests was evaluated in an ABAB design. The results showed that multiword requests increased when textual prompts were provided and decreased when the prompts were removed. In subsequent phases, the textual prompts were successfully faded by gradually making the printed text lighter and lighter until eventually the prompts were eliminated altogether. We conclude that identification of children’s strengths may assist in identifying effective prompting procedures that could then be used in teaching functional communication skills.
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| 10. |
- Sairanen, Essi, et al.
(author)
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Psychological flexibility and mindfulness explain intuitive eating in overweight adults
- 2015
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In: Behavior modification. - Beverly Hills : Sage Publications. - 0145-4455 .- 1552-4167. ; 39:4, s. 557-79
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The current study investigated whether mindfulness and psychological flexibility, independently and together, explain intuitive eating. The participants were overweight or obese persons (N = 306) reporting symptoms of perceived stress and enrolled in a psychological lifestyle intervention study. Participants completed self-report measures of psychological flexibility; mindfulness including the subscales observe, describe, act with awareness, non-react, and non-judgment; and intuitive eating including the subscales unconditional permission to eat, eating for physical reasons, and reliance on hunger/satiety cues. Psychological flexibility and mindfulness were positively associated with intuitive eating factors. The results suggest that mindfulness and psychological flexibility are related constructs that not only account for some of the same variance in intuitive eating, but they also account for significant unique variances in intuitive eating. The present results indicate that non-judgment can explain the relationship between general psychological flexibility and unconditional permission to eat as well as eating for physical reasons. However, mindfulness skills-acting with awareness, observing, and non-reacting-explained reliance on hunger/satiety cues independently from general psychological flexibility. These findings suggest that mindfulness and psychological flexibility are interrelated but not redundant constructs and that both may be important for understanding regulation processes underlying eating behavior.
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| 11. |
- Smith, Dean P., et al.
(author)
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Treatment Gains from Early and Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI) are Maintained 10 Years Later
- 2021
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In: Behavior modification. - : SAGE Publications. - 0145-4455 .- 1552-4167. ; 45:4, s. 581-601
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study reports outcome in adolescents with autism who in their childhood received Early and Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI). Nineteen children (16 boys) who had received two years of EIBI starting at a mean age of 2-years-and-11-months were followed up, on average, 12 years later. Results showed the participants significantly increased their cognitive and adaptive standard scores during the two years of EIBI, and that these gains were maintained at follow-up, 10 years after the EIBI had ended. Participants also showed a significant reduction in autism symptoms between intake and follow-up. At follow-up, none of the participants had received any additional psychiatric diagnoses, and none were taking any psychotropic medication. Results indicate that treatment gains achieved in EIBI are maintained into adolescence.
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