| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Nettelbladt, Carl Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
-
Bulking fibre prevents translocation of an efficiently translocating Escherichia coli strain in rats
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 17:4, s. 185-190
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: starvation for 24 h prior to experimental haemorrhage increases bacterial translocation in rats. Forty-eight hours starvation alone causes pronounced microbiological changes in caecal contents and a marked increase in bacterial adherence to caecal epithelium. The aim of the present study was to examine whether bulking fibre prevents these microbiological changes induced by starvation, i.e. mucosal adherence and/or bacterial translocationwith and without haemorrhage in rats. Methods: 32 rats were inoculated with the translocating Escherichia cell strain KI-C1. Groups of these rats were then starved for 48 h with or without access to bulking fibre. An additional group of rats was given bulking fibre and subjected to haemorrhage. A control group was untreated and given regular food. Samples were taken from caecal contents, caecal epithelium, mesenteric lymph nodes and blood. A biochemical fingerprinting method was used to characterize and compare E. coil strains in all samples. Results: ingestion of bulking fibre alone for 48 h significantly reduced the frequency of KI-C1 both in caecal contents and on caecal epithelium and completely prevented translocation of the strain, compared to starvation without bulking fibre for 48 h. Enforced stress (haemorrhage) increased bacterial translocation to the same level as starvation for 48 h. E. coli phenotypes found in mesenteric lymph nodes were also found adhering to the caecal epithelium. Conclusions: the presence of bulking fibre in gut lumen, by unknown mechanisms, reduces the frequency of an inoculated translocating strain of E. coil in caecal contents and on caecal epithelium and prevents its translocationto mesenteric lymph nodes.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Nygren, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Preoperative oral carbohydrate administration reduces postoperative insulin resistance
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 17:2, s. 65-71
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infusions of carbohydrates before surgery reduce postoperative insulin resistance. We investigated the effects of a carbohydrate drink, given shortly before surgery, on postoperative metabolism. Method: Insulin sensitivity, glucose turnover ([6,6, 2H2]-D-glucose) and substrate utilization were measured using hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic clamps and indirect calorimetry in two matched groups of patients before and after elective colorectal surgery. The drink group (n = 7) received 800 ml of an isoosmolar carbohydrate rich beverage the evening before the operation (100 g carbohydrates), as well as another 400 ml (50 g carbohydrates) 2 h before the initiation of anesthesia. The fasted group (n = 7) was operated after an overnight fast. Results: After surgery, energy expenditure increased in both groups. Endogenous glucose production was higher after surgery and the difference was significant during low insulin infusion rates in both groups (P < 0.05). The supressibility of endogenous glucose production by the two step insulin infusion was similar pre- and postoperatively in both groups. At the high insulin infusion rate postoperatively, whole body glucose disposal was more reduced in the fasted group (-49 ± 6% vs -26 ± 8%, P < 0.05 vs drink). Furthermore, during high insulin infusion rates, glucose oxidation decreased postoperatively only in the fasted group (P < 0.05) and postoperative levels of fat oxidation were greater in the fasted group (P < 0.05 vs drink). Only minor postoperative changes in cortisol and glucagon were found and no differences were found between the treatment groups. Conclusions: Patients given a carbohydrate drink shortly before elective colorectal surgery displayed less reduced insulin sensitivity after surgery as compared to patients who were operated after an overnight fast.
|
|
| 15. |
- Nygren, Jobas, et al.
(författare)
-
Preoperative oral carbohydrates and postoperative insulin resistance
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 18:2, s. 117-120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Infusions of carbohydrates before surgery have been shown to reduce postoperative insulin resistance. Presently, we investigated the effects of a carbohydrate drink, given shortly before surgery, on postoperative insulin sensitivity. Methods: Insulin sensitivity and glucose turnover (16, 6, 2H2]-D-glucose) were measured using hyperinsulinemic, normoglycemic clamps before and after elective surgery. Sixteen patients undergoing total hip replacement were randomly assigned to preoperative oral carbohydrate administration (CHO-H, n = 8) or the same amount of a placebo drink (placebo, n = 8) before surgery. Insulin sensitivity was measured before and immediately after surgery. Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery were studied before surgery and 24 h postoperatively (CHO-C (n = 7), and fasted (n = 7), groups). The fasted group underwent surgery after an overnight fast. In both studies, the CHO groups received 800 ml of an isoosmolar carbohydrate rich beverage the evening before the operation (100 g carbohydrates), as well as another 400 ml (50 g carbohydrates) 2 h before the initiation of anesthesia. Results: Immediately after surgery, insulin sensitivity was reduced 37% in the placebo group (P < 0.05 vs. preoperatively) while no significant change was found in the CHO-H group (-16%, p = NS). During clamps performed 24 h postoperatively, insulin sensitivity and whole-body glucose disposal was reduced in both groups, but the reduction was greater compared to that in the CHO-C group (-49 ± 6% vs. -26 ± 8%, P < 0.05 fasted vs. CHO-C). Conclusions: Patients given a carbohydrate drink shortly before elective surgery displayed less reduced insulin sensitivity after surgery as compared to patients undergoing surgery after an overnight fast.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Rothenberg, Elisabet, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
-
SUN-P049: Nordic Healthy Diet and Mortality in a Cohort of 70 Year-Old Swedes : What is the Contribution of Dairy Intake?
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - 0261-5614. ; 36, s. S71-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rationale: Several definitions of the Nordic Healthy Diet havebeen proposed, but there is no consensus on the role of dairy products. We aim to study the impact of the Nordic diet on all- cause mortality in a population of 70 year-olds, exploring different versions of a Nordic Healthy Diet Score (NHDS) with focus on the specific role of key dairy products.Methods: Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to assess the prediction of all-cause mortality using two NHDS definitions (calculated either including low-fat or without dairy products). In separate Cox models, cheese intake and the combined intakes of milk, soured milk and unsweetened yoghurt were tested as well as intake of fat from these two sources.Results: Neither of the standard versions of NHDS was associated with mortality. However, cheese intake was pro- tective of total mortality, whereas milk products (including soured milk and unsweetened yoghurt) predicted increased risk of mortality. Cheese fat intake was also inversely associated with mortality, whereas fat from the other dairy products positively predicted the outcome only when the model was adjusted by energy intake.Conclusion: The NHDS, as previously defined, was not associated with all-cause mortality in this population of elderly[GT1] Swedes. Intake of milk, soured milk and/or unsweetened yoghurt was positively associated with all-cause mortality whereas cheese intake was inversely associated with this outcome.
|
|
| 21. |
- Rothenberg, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
-
SUN-P049: Nordic Healthy Diet and Mortality in a Cohort of 70 Year-Old Swedes : What is the Contribution of Dairy Intake?
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Churchill Livingstone. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 36
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rationale: Several definitions of the Nordic Healthy Diet havebeen proposed, but there is no consensus on the role of dairy products. We aim to study the impact of the Nordic diet on all- cause mortality in a population of 70 year-olds, exploring different versions of a Nordic Healthy Diet Score (NHDS) with focus on the specific role of key dairy products. Methods: Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for potential confounders, were used to assess the prediction of all-cause mortality using two NHDS definitions (calculated either including low-fat or without dairy products). In separate Cox models, cheese intake and the combined intakes of milk, soured milk and unsweetened yoghurt were tested as well as intake of fat from these two sources. Results: Neither of the standard versions of NHDS was associated with mortality. However, cheese intake was pro- tective of total mortality, whereas milk products (including soured milk and unsweetened yoghurt) predicted increased risk of mortality. Cheese fat intakewas also inversely associated with mortality, whereas fat from the other dairy products positively predicted the outcome only when the model was adjusted by energy intake. Conclusion: The NHDS, as previously defined, was not associated with all-cause mortality in this population of elderly[GT1] Swedes. Intake of milk, soured milk and/or unsweetened yoghurt was positively associated with all-cause mortality whereas cheese intake was inversely associated with this outcome.
|
|
| 22. |
- Thorell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Postoperativeinsulin resistance and circulating concentrations of stress hormones andcytokines
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 15:2, s. 75-79
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insulin sensitivity was determined before and after elective surgery in 31 otherwise healthy patients undergoing elective surgery for open cholecystectomy (n = 24) or inguinal hernia repair (n = 7) and compared with concomitant plasma concentrations of stress hormones and cytokines. Insulin sensitivity was determined employing the normoglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic clamp at a plasma insulin concentration of 380 pmol/I and a blood glucose concentration of 4.5 mmol/I. Five of the patients undergoing cholecystectomy were studied again on days 5, 9 and 20 after surgery. Preoperative insulin sensitivity ranged from 2.2 to 14.3 mg/kg/min. All patients exhibited reduced insulin sensitivity on the first postoperative day and the mean value fell from 4.7 (0.4) to 2.7 (0.5) mg/kg/min. More pronounced reductions were found after cholecystectomy. A significant increase was found in plasma concentrationsof interleukin-6 (IL-6) postoperatively as compared to preoperative values. However, no significant changes were seen in the postoperative plasma concentrations of any of the hormones studied in patients undergoing hernia repair, while minor increments were seen in patients undergoing open cholecystectomy. There was a significant (r = 0.50, P = 0.005) linear relationship between the reduction in relative insulin sensitivity and the concomitant plasma levels of IL-6. However, no such relation could be confirmed between the changes in plasma hormone concentrations (neither absolute nor relative changes) and the simultaneous alteration in relative insulin sensitivity. In addition, after including three patients who had undergone ileo-anal pouch construction surgery, the relationship between postoperativeinsulin sensitivity and IL-6 levels was even stronger (r = 0.62, P = 0.001). These results suggest that the immunomodulating effects of endogenous IL-6 is of importance in the acute response after surgery and are associated with the development of insulin resistance, while simultaneous plasma concentrations of stress hormones seem to be less sensitive markers of the degree of postoperative metabolic disturbance.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
